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Pagano C, Coppola L, Navarra G, Avilia G, Savarese B, Torelli G, Bruzzaniti S, Piemonte E, Galgani M, Laezza C, Bifulco M. N6-isopentenyladenosine inhibits aerobic glycolysis in glioblastoma cells by targeting PKM2 expression and activity. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:843-854. [PMID: 38514913 PMCID: PMC11073503 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary tumor in the central nervous system with poor prognosis. It exhibits elevated glucose uptake and lactate production. This metabolic state of aerobic glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect. N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPA), a natural cytokine modified with an isopentenyl moiety derived from the mevalonate pathway, has well-established anti-tumor activity. It inhibits cell proliferation in glioma cells, inducing cell death by apoptosis and/or necroptosis. In the present study, we found that iPA inhibits aerobic glycolysis in unmodified U87MG cells and in the same cell line engineered to over-express wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or EGFR variant III (vIII), as well as in a primary GBM4 patient-derived cell line. The detection of glycolysis showed that iPA treatment suppressed ATP and lactate production. We also evaluated the response of iPA treatment in normal human astrocyte primary cells, healthy counterpart cells of the brain. Aerobic glycolysis in treated normal human astrocyte cells did not show significant changes compared to GBM cells. To determine the mechanism of iPA action on aerobic glycolysis, we investigated the expression of certain enzymes involved in this metabolic pathway. We observed that iPA reduced the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which plays a key role in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis, promoting tumor cell proliferation. The reduction of PKM2 expression is a result of the inhibition of the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit, beta/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway upon iPA treatment. In conclusion, these experimental results show that iPA may inhibit aerobic glycolysis of GBM in stabilized cell lines and primary GBM cells by targeting the expression and activity of PKM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - Laura Coppola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - Giovanna Navarra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - Giorgio Avilia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - Beatrice Savarese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - Giovanni Torelli
- Neurosurgery Unit A.O. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d' Aragona – Salerno's School of Medicine Largo Città di IppocrateSalernoItaly
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS)National Research Council (CNR)NaplesItaly
| | - Erica Piemonte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - Mario Galgani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS)National Research Council (CNR)NaplesItaly
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
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2
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Kong G, Boehm E, Prall O, Murray WK, Tothill RW, Michael M. Integrating Functional Imaging and Molecular Profiling for Optimal Treatment Selection in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN). Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:465-478. [PMID: 36826704 PMCID: PMC10110720 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gastroenteropancreatic NEN (GEP-NEN) are group of malignancies with significant clinical, anatomical and molecular heterogeneity. High-grade GEP-NEN in particular present unique management challenges. RECENT FINDINGS In the current era, multidisciplinary management with access to a combination of functional imaging and targeted molecular profiling can provide important disease characterisation, guide individualised management and improve patient outcome. Multiple treatment options are now available, and combination and novel therapies are being explored in clinical trials. Precision medicine is highly relevant for a heterogenous disease like NEN. The integration of dual-tracer functional PET/CT imaging, molecular histopathology and genomic data has the potential to be used to gain a more comprehensive understanding of an individual patient's disease biology for precision diagnosis, prognostication and optimal treatment allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kong
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Emma Boehm
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen Prall
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William K Murray
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Michael
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Szablewski L. Glucose transporters as markers of diagnosis and prognosis in cancer diseases. Oncol Rev 2022; 16:561. [PMID: 35340885 PMCID: PMC8941341 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2022.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary metabolic substrate for cells is glucose, which acts as both a source of energy and a substrate in several processes. However, being lipophilic, the cell membrane is impermeable to glucose and specific carrier proteins are needed to allow transport. In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells are more likely to generate energy by glycolysis; as this process generates fewer molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than complete oxidative breakdown, more glucose molecules are needed. The increased demand for glucose in cancer cells is satisfied by overexpression of a number of glucose transporters, and decreased levels of others. As specific correlations have been observed between the occurrence of cancer and the expression of glucose carrier proteins, the presence of changes in expression of glucose transporters may be treated as a marker of diagnosis and/or prognosis for cancer patients.
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4
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Binderup T, Knigge U, Johnbeck CB, Loft A, Berthelsen AK, Oturai P, Mortensen J, Federspiel B, Langer SW, Kjaer A. 18F-FDG PET is Superior to WHO Grading as a Prognostic Tool in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and Useful in Guiding PRRT: A Prospective 10-Year Follow-up Study. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:808-815. [PMID: 33067340 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.244798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate grading of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is essential for risk stratification and optimal choice of therapy. Currently, grading is based on histologically assessed degree of tumor proliferation. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET imaging for risk stratification of NENs and compare it with tumor grading (World Health Organization 2010 classification). Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study evaluating the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET imaging and compared it with histologic grading. Enrolled were 166 patients of all grades and with histologically confirmed NENs of gastroenteropancreatic origin. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Progression-free survival (PFS) was a secondary endpoint. In addition, OS in relation to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) was analyzed as an exploratory endpoint. The median follow-up time was 9.8 y. Results: Analysis of the whole cohort revealed that a positive 18F-FDG PET scan was associated with a shorter OS than a negative 18F-FDG PET scan (hazard ratio: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.4-5.9; P < 0.001). In G1 and G2 patients (n = 140), a positive 18F-FDG PET scan was the only identifier of high risk for death (hazard ratio: 3.6; 95% CI, 2.2-5.9; P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, 18F-FDG PET, G3 tumor, ≥2 liver metastases, and ≥2 prior therapies were independent prognostic factors for OS, and 18F-FDG PET, G3 tumor, and ≥3 liver metastases were independent prognostic factors for PFS. For patients receiving PRRT, 18F-FDG-negative cases had a significantly longer survival than 18F-FDG-positive cases, whereas no difference was identified for tumor grading. 18F-FDG-positive patients receiving PRRT had a significantly longer median survival than patients not receiving PRRT (4.4 vs. 1.4 y, P = 0.001), whereas no difference was seen for 18F-FDG-negative patients. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET is useful for risk stratification of all NEN grades and is superior to histologic grading. 18F-FDG PET could differentiate G1 and G2 tumors into low- and high-risk groups. In the selection of therapy and for risk stratification of NEN patients, 18F-FDG PET status should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Binderup
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Knigge
- European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Bardram Johnbeck
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Loft
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Kiil Berthelsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Oturai
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jann Mortensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Federspiel
- European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Seppo W Langer
- European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark .,European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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LAT-1 and GLUT-1 Carrier Expression and Its Prognostic Value in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102968. [PMID: 33066332 PMCID: PMC7602091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) represent about 70% of all NETs; however, improvement in their outcomes has yet to be achieved. Here, we aimed to analyze the role of metabolic players such as the amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), regulated by the oxygen-sensing mechanism Von Hippel Lindau-hypoxia-inducible factor (VHL-HIF), in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). We also aimed to correlate them with tumor malignancy and progression. We confirmed that specific mechanisms that increase nutrient uptake, such as LAT-1 and GLUT-1, are increased in GEP-NETs, whereas pVHL is decreased. Our results suggest that these biomarkers could have a potential role in NET pathophysiology which might be related to their proliferation and metastatic capacity. Abstract Cancer cells develop mechanisms that increase nutrient uptake, including key nutrient carriers, such as amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), regulated by the oxygen-sensing Von Hippel Lindau-hypoxia-inducible factor (VHL-HIF) transcriptional pathway. We aimed to analyze these metabolic players in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) and correlate them with tumor malignancy and progression. LAT-1, GLUT-1, and pVHL expression was analyzed in 116 GEP-NETs and 48 peritumoral tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. LAT-1 was stably silenced using specific shRNA in the human NET BON cell line. LAT-1 expression was significantly increased in tumor tissue compared to non-tumor tissue in both gastrointestinal (67% vs. 44%) and pancreatic NETs (54% vs. 31%). Similarly, GLUT-1 was substantially elevated in gastrointestinal (74% vs. 19%) and pancreatic (58% vs. 4%) NETs. In contrast, pVHL expression was decreased (85% vs. 58%) in pancreatic NETs. Tumors with metastases at diagnosis displayed increased LAT-1 and GLUT-1 and decreased pVHL expression (p < 0.001). In accordance with these data, silencing LAT-1 curtailed cell proliferation in BON cells. These findings suggest that specific mechanisms that increase nutrient uptake, such as LAT-1 and GLUT-1, are increased in GEP-NETs, whereas pVHL is decreased. These markers might be related to the proliferation and metastatic capacity of these tumors.
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Bocchini M, Nicolini F, Severi S, Bongiovanni A, Ibrahim T, Simonetti G, Grassi I, Mazza M. Biomarkers for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PanNENs) Management-An Updated Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:831. [PMID: 32537434 PMCID: PMC7267066 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNENs) are rare sporadic cancers or develop as part of hereditary syndromes. PanNENs can be both functioning and non-functioning based on whether they produce bioactive peptides. Some PanNENs are well differentiated while others-poorly. Symptoms, thus, depend on both oncological and hormonal causes. PanNEN diagnosis and treatment benefit from and in some instances are guided by biomarker monitoring. However, plasmatic monoanalytes are only suggestive of PanNEN pathological status and their positivity is typically followed by deepen diagnostic analyses through imaging techniques. There is a strong need for new biomarkers and follow-up modalities aimed to improve the outcome of PanNEN patients. Liquid biopsy follow-up, i.e., sequential analysis on tumor biomarkers in body fluids offers a great potential, that need to be substantiated by additional studies focusing on the specific markers and the timing of the analyses. This review provides the most updated panorama on PanNEN biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Bocchini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Fabio Nicolini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Stefano Severi
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiometabolic Units, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grassi
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiometabolic Units, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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7
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Li WC, Huang CH, Hsieh YT, Chen TY, Cheng LH, Chen CY, Liu CJ, Chen HM, Huang CL, Lo JF, Chang KW. Regulatory Role of Hexokinase 2 in Modulating Head and Neck Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:176. [PMID: 32195170 PMCID: PMC7063098 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To support great demand of cell growth, cancer cells preferentially obtain energy and biomacromolecules by glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Among all glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase (HK), a rate-limiting enzyme at the first step of glycolysis to catalyze cellular glucose into glucose-6-phosphate, is herein emphasized. Four HK isoforms, HK1-HK4, were discovered in nature. It was shown that HK2 expression is enriched in many tumor cells and correlated with poorer survival rates in most neoplastic cells. HK2-mediated regulations for cell malignancy and mechanistic cues in regulating head and neck tumorigenesis, however, are not fully elucidated. Cellular malignancy index, such as cell growth, cellular motility, and treatment sensitivity, and molecular alterations were determined in HK2-deficient head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. By using various cancer databases, HK2, but not HK1, positively correlates with HNSCC progression in a stage-dependent manner. A high HK2 expression was detected in head and neck cancerous tissues compared with their normal counterparts, both in mouse and human subjects. Loss of HK2 in HNSCC cells resulted in reduced cell (in vitro) and tumor (in vivo) growth, as well as decreased epithelial-mesenchymal transition–mediated cell movement; in contrast, HK2-deficient HNSCC cells exhibited greater sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil but are more resistant to photodynamic therapy, indicating that HK2 expression could selectively define treatment sensitivity in HNSCC cells. At the molecular level, it was found that HK2 alteration drove metabolic reprogramming toward OxPhos and modulated oncogenic Akt and mutant TP53-mediated signals in HNSCC cells. In summary, the present study showed that HK2 suppression could lessen HNSCC oncogenicity and modulate therapeutic sensitivity, thereby being an ideal therapeutic target for HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Li
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Huang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ta Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ying Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hao Cheng
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ling Huang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jeng-Fang Lo
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Watanabe A, Harimoto N, Yokobori T, Araki K, Kubo N, Igarashi T, Tsukagoshi M, Ishii N, Yamanaka T, Handa T, Oyama T, Higuchi T, Shirabe K. FDG-PET reflects tumor viability on SUV in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:322-329. [PMID: 31612350 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver resection is the most effective procedure for colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM); however, early recurrence is an important problem that affects the postoperative prognoses of patients with CRLM. We previously suggested a therapeutic algorithm for CRLM using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and revealed the applicability of FDG-PET in predicting the prognosis after liver resection of CRLM. In this study, we assessed the correlation between FDG-PET and biological viability such as proliferation or metabolic activity. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 61 patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM. We assessed hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and Ki-67 expression via immunohistochemistry and evaluated the correlation between standardized uptake value (SUV) and these factors. RESULTS High HIF-1α, PKM2, and GLUT1 expression were positively correlated with high SUV expression (P = 0.0444, 0.0296, and 0.0245, respectively). Ki-67 and SUV were also positively correlated (P = 0.00164). HIF-1α expression and PKM2 expression were significantly correlated (P = 0.0430), and PKM2 expression and GLUT1 expression were extremely significantly correlated (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION SUV reflected tumor proliferation or metabolic factors in CRLM. FDG-PET could be a useful modality for assessing tumor viability and may provide useful information regarding the appropriate treatment strategy for CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Watanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norifumi Harimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Research Program for Omics-Based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takamichi Igarashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tadashi Handa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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9
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Steinemann G, Dittmer A, Schmidt J, Josuttis D, Fähling M, Biersack B, Beindorff N, Jolante Koziolek E, Schobert R, Brenner W, Müller T, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M. Antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of the novel chimeric inhibitor animacroxam in testicular germ cell cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2679-2696. [PMID: 31583820 PMCID: PMC6887589 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric inhibitors, which merge two drug pharmacophores in a single molecule have become a prominent approach for the design of novel anticancer compounds. Here, we examined animacroxam, which combines histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and cytoskeleton‐interfering pharmacophores, in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). The effectiveness of animacroxam was compared to that of the commonly applied chemotherapeutic cisplatin as well as the clinically approved HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. The antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam on TGCT in vivo were assessed through exploratory animal studies and a modified chorioallantoic membrane assay, revealing that animacroxam has significant antitumor activity in TGCT. A novel positron emission tomography/MR‐imaging approach was applied to determine tumor volume and glucose [2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (18F‐FDG)] uptake in TGCT tumors, revealing reduced glucose uptake in animacroxam‐treated TGCTs and showing a dose‐dependent suppression of glycolytic enzymes, which led to a breakdown in glycolytic energy production. Furthermore, the observed antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam were related to its ability to inhibit endothelial cell–cell communication, as the expression of gap junction‐forming connexin 43 was strongly suppressed, and gap‐junctional intercellular mass transport was reduced. Our data suggest that the chimeric HDAC inhibitor animacroxam may become a promising candidate for the treatment of solid cancers and may serve as an interesting alternative to platinum‐based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Steinemann
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dittmer
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Schmidt
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - David Josuttis
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fähling
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Beindorff
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Jolante Koziolek
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Clinic of Internal Medicine IV - Hematology and Oncology Division, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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10
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Herrera-Martínez AD, Hofland LJ, Gálvez Moreno MA, Castaño JP, de Herder WW, Feelders RA. Neuroendocrine neoplasms: current and potential diagnostic, predictive and prognostic markers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R157-R179. [PMID: 30615596 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some biomarkers for functioning and non-functioning neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are currently available. Despite their application in clinical practice, results should be interpreted cautiously. Considering the variable sensitivity and specificity of these parameters, there is an unmet need for novel biomarkers to improve diagnosis and predict patient outcome. Nowadays, several new biomarkers are being evaluated and may become future tools for the management of NENs. These biomarkers include (1) peptides and growth factors; (2) DNA and RNA markers based on genomics analysis, for example, the so-called NET test, which has been developed for analyzing gene transcripts in circulating blood; (3) circulating tumor/endothelial/progenitor cells or cell-free tumor DNA, which represent minimally invasive methods that would provide additional information for monitoring treatment response and (4) improved imaging techniques with novel radiolabeled somatostatin analogs or peptides. Below we summarize some future directions in the development of novel diagnostic and predictive/prognostic biomarkers in NENs. This review is focused on circulating and selected tissue markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - María A Gálvez Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard A Feelders
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
Glucose, a major source of energy for all cells, is transported into cells with the help of glucose transporters (GLUTs). These transporters are of two types, namely sodium-dependent GLUTs and facilitative GLUTs. These transporters are present in a tissue-specific pattern and have substrate specificity. Among these transporters, GLUT1 (facilitative GLUT) is present ubiquitously on all tissues of the body and helps in the basal uptake of glucose. GLUT1 is known to have many physiological functions in the body from the time of implantation of an embryo and is also seen associated with pathologies, including cancers. This review mainly focuses on GLUT1 in physiological and pathological conditions and the recent advances related to its role in cancer development and applications in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhuri Pragallapati
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ravikanth Manyam
- Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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12
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Xu C, Yang X, Wang Y, Ding N, Han R, Sun Y, Wang Y. An analysis of the polymorphisms of the GLUT1 gene in urothelial cell carcinomas of the bladder and its correlation with p53, Ki67 and GLUT1 expressions. Cancer Gene Ther 2017; 24:297-303. [PMID: 28524154 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Frequencies of two glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (XbaI G>T and HaeIII T>C) were studied with urothelial cell carcinomas of the bladder (UCC) and 204 normal persons. And the expression of the p53, Ki67 and GLUT1 was assayed by immunohistochemistry. The frequency of the TT genotype and T allele of the XbaI G>T SNP was decreased in the patients with UCC. The frequency of the CC genotype and C allele of the HaeIII T>C SNP was decreased in the patients with UCC. The GLUT1 XbaI genotype GG was more frequent in higher tumor stage and higher tumor grade patients. In the XbaI G>T SNP, the GG genotype was significantly related to higher Remmele immunoreactive score (IRS) of Ki67 and higher IRS of GLUT1. In conclusion, the TT genotype in XbaI G>T SNP and CC genotype of HaeIII T>C SNP may have protective effect in the carcinogenesis process of UCC. In the XbaI G>T SNP, the GG genotype of was positively related to tumor proliferation, glucose metabolism, tumor grade and stage. Therefore, the variant might become a possible proliferation-related prognostic factor for UCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, China
| | - X Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - N Ding
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - R Han
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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13
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Benzerdjeb N, Berna P, Sevestre H. GLUT1: A novel tool reflecting proliferative activity of lung neuroendocrine tumors? Pathol Int 2016; 67:32-36. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Benzerdjeb
- Department of Pathology; Amiens University Hospital; Amiens France
| | - Pascal Berna
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Amiens University Hospital; Amiens France
| | - Henri Sevestre
- Department of Pathology; Amiens University Hospital; Amiens France
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14
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Krasnov GS, Dmitriev AA, Sadritdinova AF, Fedorova MS, Snezhkina AV, Melnikova NV, Poteryakhina AV, Nyushko KM, Belyakov MM, Kaprin AD, Zaretsky AR, Kudryavtseva AV. Evaluation of hexokinase gene expression in colorectal cancer using bioinformatics tools. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350915060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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15
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van Essen M, Sundin A, Krenning EP, Kwekkeboom DJ. Neuroendocrine tumours: the role of imaging for diagnosis and therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:102-14. [PMID: 24322649 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), a combination of morphological imaging and nuclear medicine techniques is mandatory for primary tumour visualization, staging and evaluation of somatostatin receptor status. CT and MRI are well-suited for discerning small lesions that might escape detection by single photon emission tomography (SPECT) or PET, as well as for assessing the local invasiveness of the tumour or the response to therapy. Somatostatin receptor imaging, by (111)In-pentetreotide scintigraphy or PET with (68)Ga-labelled somatostatin analogues, frequently identifies additional lesions that are not visible on CT or MRI scans. Currently, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with (111)In-pentetreotide is the more frequently available of the two techniques to determine somatostatin receptor expression and is needed to select patients for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. In the future, because of its higher sensitivity, PET with (68)Ga-labelled somatostatin analogues is expected to replace somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Whereas (18)F-FDG-PET is only used in high-grade neuroendocrine cancers, PET-CT with (18)F-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine or (11)C-5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan is a useful problem-solving tool and could be considered for the evaluation of therapy response in the future. This article reviews the role of imaging for the diagnosis and management of intestinal and pancreatic NETs. Response evaluation and controversies in NET imaging will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van Essen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Anders Sundin
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric P Krenning
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Dik J Kwekkeboom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Netherlands
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