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Akhlada, Siddiqui N, Anurag, Saifi A, Kesharwani A, Parihar VK, Sharma A. Neuroprotective Action of Selected Natural Drugs Against Neurological Diseases and Mental Disorders: Potential Use Against Radiation Damage. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2336-2351. [PMID: 38864943 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to radiation, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, is a significant concern in modern society. The brain is the organ that is most sensitive to radiation exposure. This review describes how exposure to radiation can affect neurotransmitters in different brain regions, affecting brain function. This review covers neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and neuroinflammation due to changes in neurons in the central nervous system, and the effects thereon of medicinal plants such as Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Centella asiatica, Coriandrum sativum, and Crocus sativus plants, used for centuries in traditional medicine. These herbal medicines exert free radical scavenging, and antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties which can be beneficial in managing neurological diseases. The present review compiles the neuroprotective effects of selected natural plants against neurological damage, as well as highlights the different mechanisms of action elicited to induce and produce beneficial effects. The current review describes recent studies on the pharmacological effects of neuroprotective herbs on various neurological and mental illnesses, and shows the way further studies can impact this field, including potential effects on radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhlada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Nazia Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Anurag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Alimuddin Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Anuradha Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, 844102, India
| | - Vipan Kumar Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, 844102, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India.
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El-Banna MH, Abdelgawad MH, Eltahawy N, Algeda FR, Elsayed TM. Hematological and neurological impact studies on the exposure to naturally occurring radioactive materials. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 211:111424. [PMID: 38970986 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) contribute to everyone's natural background radiation dose. The technologically advanced activities of the gas and oil sectors produce considerable amounts of radioactive materials as industrial by-products or waste products. The goal of the current study is to estimate the danger of long-term liability to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TE-NORM) on blood indices, neurotransmitters, oxidative stress markers, and β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex of rats' brains. Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into two equal groups (n = 10): control and irradiated. Irradiated rats were exposed to a total dose of 0.016 Gy of TE-NORM as a whole-body chronic exposure over a period of two months. It should be ''The results showed no significant changes in RBC count, Hb concentration, hematocrit percentage (HCT%), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). However, there was a significant increase in the Mean Corpuscular Volume of RBCs (MCV) and a significant decrease in cell distribution width (RDW%) compared to the control. Alteration in neurotransmitters is noticeable by a significant increase in glutamic acid and significant decreases in serotonin and dopamine. Increased lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities indicating oxidative stress were accompanied by increased β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex of rats' brains. The findings of the present study showed that chronic radiation liability has some harmful effects, that may predict the risks of future health problems in occupational radiation exposure in the oil industries. Therefore, the control of exposure and application of sample dosimetry is recommended for health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H El-Banna
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Abdelgawad
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noaman Eltahawy
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma R Algeda
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Elsayed
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Jeltema HR, van Dijken BRJ, Tamási K, Drost G, Heesters MAAM, van der Hoorn A, Glaudemans AWJM, van Dijk JMC. 11C-Methionine uptake in meningiomas after stereotactic radiotherapy. Ann Nucl Med 2024; 38:596-606. [PMID: 38720053 PMCID: PMC11282149 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 11C-Methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET) is used for stereotactic radiotherapy planning in meningioma patients. The role of MET-PET during subsequent follow-up (FU) is unclear. We analyzed the uptake of 11C-Methionine before and after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in patients with a complex meningioma and investigated if there was a difference between patients with progressive disease (PD) and stable disease (SD) during FU. METHODS This retrospective study investigates 62 MET-PETs in 29 complex meningioma patients. Standardized uptake value (SUV)max and SUVpeak tumor-to-normal ratios (T/N-ratios) were calculated, comparing the tumor region with both the mirroring intracranial area and the right frontal gray matter. The difference in 11C-Methionine uptake pre- and post-SRT was analyzed, as well as the change in uptake between PD or SD. RESULTS Median (IQR) FU duration was 67 months (50.5-91.0). The uptake of 11C-Methionine in meningiomas remained increased after SRT. Neither a statistically significant difference between MET-PETs before and after SRT was encountered, nor a significant difference in one of the four T/N-ratios between patients with SD versus PD with median (IQR) SUVmax T/NR front 2.65 (2.13-3.68) vs 2.97 (1.55-3.54) [p = 0.66]; SUVmax T/Nmirror 2.92 (2.19-3.71) vs 2.95 (1.74-3.60) [p = 0.61]; SUVpeak T/NR front 2.35 (1.64-3.40) vs 2.25 (1.44-3.74) [p = 0.80]; SUVpeak T/Nmirror 2.38 (1.91-3.36) vs 2.35 (1.56-3.72) [p = 0.95]. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support use of MET-PET during FU of complex intracranial meningiomas after SRT. MET-PET could not differentiate between progressive or stable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne-Rinck Jeltema
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart R J van Dijken
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katalin Tamási
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gea Drost
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mart A A M Heesters
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Marc C van Dijk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Iacomino A, Rapa M, Gatta G, DI Grezia G, Cuccurullo V. Next-level precision medicine: why the theragnostic approach is the future. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2024; 68:152-159. [PMID: 38860276 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.24.03519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Theragnostics represents one of the most innovative fields of precision medicine with a huge potential in the field of oncology in the next years. The use of a pair of selective radiopharmaceuticals for cellular receptors, used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (PRRT), finds applications in the Neuroendocrine tumors and metastatic Castration-Resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) thanks, respectively, to somatostatin receptor agonists and PSMA-based peptides. Further evolutions of theragnostics will be possible to the radioimmunoconjugates used both in the diagnostic (Immuno-PET) and in the therapeutic fields (radioimmunotherapy). It is evident that in the "omics-era," theragnostics could become a necessary method, not only in order to improve our knowledge of tumor biology, but also, to find more and more targeted therapies in a multidisciplinary context and in a tailor-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Rapa
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gatta
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Cuccurullo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy -
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Demos-Davies K, Lawrence J, Coffey J, Morgan A, Ferreira C, Hoeppner LH, Seelig D. Longitudinal Neuropathological Consequences of Extracranial Radiation Therapy in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5731. [PMID: 38891920 PMCID: PMC11171684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a consequence of chemotherapy and extracranial radiation therapy (ECRT). Our prior work demonstrated gliosis in the brain following ECRT in SKH1 mice. The signals that induce gliosis were unclear. Right hindlimb skin from SKH1 mice was treated with 20 Gy or 30 Gy to induce subclinical or clinical dermatitis, respectively. Mice were euthanized at 6 h, 24 h, 5 days, 12 days, and 25 days post irradiation, and the brain, thoracic spinal cord, and skin were collected. The brains were harvested for spatial proteomics, immunohistochemistry, Nanostring nCounter® glial profiling, and neuroinflammation gene panels. The thoracic spinal cords were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Radiation injury to the skin was evaluated by histology. The genes associated with neurotransmission, glial cell activation, innate immune signaling, cell signal transduction, and cancer were differentially expressed in the brains from mice treated with ECRT compared to the controls. Dose-dependent increases in neuroinflammatory-associated and neurodegenerative-disease-associated proteins were measured in the brains from ECRT-treated mice. Histologic changes in the ECRT-treated mice included acute dermatitis within the irradiated skin of the hindlimb and astrocyte activation within the thoracic spinal cord. Collectively, these findings highlight indirect neuronal transmission and glial cell activation in the pathogenesis of ECRT-related CRCI, providing possible signaling pathways for mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Demos-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Jessica Coffey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Amy Morgan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Clara Ferreira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Luke H. Hoeppner
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Davis Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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Shahriari A, Etemadrezaie H, Zabihyan S, Amirabadi A, Aalami AH. Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) hormones 6 months after cranial radiotherapy in adult patients with primary brain tumors outside the HPA region. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:373. [PMID: 38418676 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cranial radiotherapy is a common treatment for brain tumors, but it can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary (H-P) axis and lead to hormonal disorders. This study aimed to compare serum levels of HPA hormones before and after cranial radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved 27 adult patients who underwent brain tumor resection before the initiation of radiotherapy, and none had metastatic brain tumors. All participants had the HPA within the radiation field, and their tumors were located in brain areas outside from the HPA. Serum levels of HPA hormones were recorded both before and 6 months after cranial radiotherapy. RESULTS A total of 27 adult patients, comprising 16 (59.3%) males and 11 (40.7%) females, with a mean age of 56.37 ± 11.38 years, were subjected to evaluation. Six months post-radiotherapy, serum levels of GH and TSH exhibited a significant decrease. Prior to radiotherapy, a substantial and direct correlation was observed between TSH and FSH (p = 0.005) as well as LH (p = 0.014). Additionally, a significant and direct relationship was noted between serum FSH and LH (p < 0.001) before radiotherapy. After radiotherapy, a significant and direct correlation persisted between TSH and FSH (p = 0.003) as well as LH (p = 0.005), along with a significant and direct relationship between serum FSH and LH (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant and direct association was identified between changes in serum GH levels and FSH (p = 0.04), as well as between serum LH and FSH (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Reduced serum levels of HPA hormones are a significant complication of cranial radiotherapy and should be evaluated in follow-up assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahriari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Etemadrezaie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ghaem Teaching Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran.
| | - Samira Zabihyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ghaem Teaching Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
| | - Amir Amirabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Aalami
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Dauer LT, Walsh L, Mumma MT, Cohen SS, Golden AP, Howard SC, Roemer GE, Boice JD. Moon, Mars and Minds: Evaluating Parkinson's disease mortality among U.S. radiation workers and veterans in the million person study of low-dose effects. Z Med Phys 2024; 34:100-110. [PMID: 37537100 PMCID: PMC10919963 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation is one of the most important stressors related to missions in space beyond Earth's orbit. Epidemiologic studies of exposed workers have reported elevated rates of Parkinson's disease. The importance of cognitive dysfunction related to low-dose rate radiation in humans is not defined. A meta-analysis was conducted of six cohorts in the Million Person Study (MPS) of low-dose health effects to learn whether there is consistent evidence that Parkinson's disease is associated with radiation dose to brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MPS evaluates all causes of death among U.S. radiation workers and veterans, including Parkinson's disease. Systematic and consistent methods are applied to study all categories of workers including medical radiation workers, industrial radiographers, nuclear power plant workers, atomic veterans, and Manhattan Projects workers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and at Rocky Flats. Consistent methods for all cohorts are used to estimate organ-specific doses and to obtain vital status and cause of death. RESULTS The meta-analysis include 6 cohorts within the MPS, consisting of 517,608 workers and 17,219,001 person-years of observation. The mean dose to brain ranged from 6.9 to 47.6 mGy and the maximum dose from 0.76 to 2.7 Gy. Five of the 6 cohorts revealed positive associations with Parkinson's disease. The overall summary estimate from the meta-analysis was statistically significant based on 1573 deaths due to Parkinson's disease. The summary excess relative risk at 100 mGy was 0.17 (95% CI: 0.05; 0.29). CONCLUSIONS Parkinson's disease was positively associated with radiation in the MPS cohorts indicating the need for careful evaluation as to causality in other studies, delineation of possible mechanisms, and assessing possible implications for space travel as well as radiation protection guidance for terrestrial workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T Dauer
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Linda Walsh
- Department of Physics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael T Mumma
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center's International Epidemiology Field Station, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Ashley P Golden
- ORISE Health Studies Program, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sara C Howard
- ORISE Health Studies Program, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Grace E Roemer
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D Boice
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Demos-Davies K, Lawrence J, Ferreira C, Seelig D. The Distant Molecular Effects on the Brain by Cancer Treatment. Brain Sci 2023; 14:22. [PMID: 38248237 PMCID: PMC10813787 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors experience cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) secondary to treatment. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy independently contribute to cognitive dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms leading to dysfunction remain unclear. We characterized brain gene expression changes in a mouse model of CRCI to identify the mechanistic underpinnings. Eleven-to-twelve-week-old SKH1 mice were treated with doxorubicin (DOX), hindlimb radiation (RT), concurrent hindlimb radiation and doxorubicin (DOX-RT), or no treatment (control). Sixteen days following treatment, gene expression was measured from murine brains using the NanoString nCounter® glial profiling panel. Gene expression was normalized and compared between groups. No two groups shared the same expression pattern, and only Gnb1 and Srpr were upregulated in multiple treatment groups. Brains from DOX-treated mice had upregulated Atf2, Atp5b, Gnb1, Rad23b, and Srpr and downregulated Sirt5 expression compared to control brains. Brains from RT-treated mice demonstrated increased Abcg2 and Fgf2 and decreased C1qa and C1qb expression compared to control brains. Brains from DOX-RT-treated mice had upregulated Adar, E2f3, Erlec1, Gnb1, Srpr, Vim, and Pdgfra expression and downregulated Rock2 and Inpp5f expression compared to control brains. The gene expression changes demonstrated here highlight roles for neuronal transmission and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of doxorubicin-related CRCI and inflammation in RT-related CRCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Demos-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.L.); (D.S.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,USA
| | - Clara Ferreira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Davis Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.L.); (D.S.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,USA
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Srivastava T, Chirikova E, Birk S, Xiong F, Benzouak T, Liu JY, Villeneuve PJ, Zablotska LB. Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Radiat Res 2023; 199:490-505. [PMID: 37293601 PMCID: PMC10249679 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00153.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The number of people living with dementia is rising globally as life expectancy increases. Dementia is a multifactorial disease. Due to the ubiquity of radiation exposure in medical and occupational settings, the potential association between radiation and dementia, and its subtypes (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), is of particular importance. There has also been an increased interest in studying radiation induced dementia risks in connection with the long-term manned space travel proposed by The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Our aim was to systematically review the literature on this topic, and use meta-analysis to generate a summary measure of association, assess publication bias and explore sources of heterogeneity across studies. We identified five types of exposed populations for this review: 1. survivors of atomic bombings in Japan; 2. patients treated with radiation therapy for cancer or other diseases; 3. occupationally exposed workers; 4. those exposed to environmental radiation; and 5. patients exposed to radiation from diagnostic radiation imaging procedures. We included studies that considered incident or mortality outcomes for dementia and its subtypes. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched the published literature indexed in PubMed between 2001 and 2022. We then abstracted the relevant articles, conducted a risk-of-bias assessment, and fit random effects models using the published risk estimates. After we applied our eligibility criteria, 18 studies were identified for review and retained for meta-analysis. For dementia (all subtypes), the summary relative risk was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.18; P = 0.001) comparing individuals receiving 100 mSv of radiation to those with no exposure. The corresponding summary relative risk for Parkinson's disease incidence and mortality was 1.12 (95% CI 1.07, 1.17; P <0.001). Our results provide evidence that exposure to ionizing radiation increases the risk of dementia. However, our findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of included studies. Longitudinal studies with improved exposure characterization, incident outcomes, larger sample size, and the ability to adjust for effects of potential confounders are needed to better assess the possible causal link between ionizing radiation and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Srivastava
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Ekaterina Chirikova
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Sapriya Birk
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Fanxiu Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Tarek Benzouak
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Jane Y. Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Paul J. Villeneuve
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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Fidler Y, Gomes JR. Effects of a Single Dose of X-Ray Irradiation on MMP-9 Expression and Morphology of the Cerebellum Cortex of Adult Rats. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:240-248. [PMID: 35262839 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although radiation is a strategy widely used to inhibit cancer progression, which includes those of the neck and head, there are still few experimental reports on radiation effects in the cerebellum, particularly on the morphology of its cortex layers and on the Matrix metalloproteinases' (MMPs') expression, which, recently, seems to be involved in the progression of some mental disorders. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the morphology of the cerebellum close to the expression of MMP-9 from 4 up to 60 days after a 15-Gy X-ray single dose of X-ray irradiation had been applied to the heads of healthy adult male rats. The cerebellum of the control and irradiated groups was submitted for an analysis of cell Purkinje count, nuclear perimeter, and chromatin density using morphometric estimatives obtained from the Feulgen histochemistry reaction. In addition, immunolocalization and estimative for MMP-9 expression were determined in the cerebellar cortex on days 4, 9, 14, 25, and 60 after the irradiation procedure. Results demonstrated that irradiation produced a significant reduction in the total number of Purkinje cells and a reduction in their nuclear perimeter, along with an increase in chromatin condensation and visible nuclear fragmentation, which was also detected in the granular layer. MMP-9 expression was significantly increased on 4, 9, and 14 days, being detected around the Purkinje cells and in parallel fibres at the molecular layer. We conclude that the effects of a single dose of 15-Gy X-ray irradiation in the cerebellum were an increase in MMP-9 expression in the first 2 weeks after irradiation, especially surrounding the Purkinje cells and in the molecular layers, with morphological changes in the Purkinje cell and granular cell layers, suggesting a continuous cell loss throughout the days evaluated after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Fidler
- Biomedical Science Post Graduate Program and Department of Structural, Genetic and Molecular Biology, University of Ponta Grossa, Avenue Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748 Campus of Uvaranas CEP, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Jose Rosa Gomes
- Biomedical Science Post Graduate Program and Department of Structural, Genetic and Molecular Biology, University of Ponta Grossa, Avenue Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748 Campus of Uvaranas CEP, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil.
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11
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Barillaro A, Caroprese M, Cella L, Viggiano A, Buccelli F, Daponte C, Feoli C, Oliviero C, Clemente S, Farella A, Conson M, Pacelli R. Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: Factors Affecting Outcomes and Radiation Necrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072094. [PMID: 37046755 PMCID: PMC10093341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is a proven effective treatment for brain metastases (BM); however, symptomatic radiation necrosis (RN) is a late effect that may impact on patient’s quality of life. The aim of our study was to retrospectively evaluate survival outcomes and characterize the occurrence of RN in a cohort of BM patients treated with ablative SRT at Federico II University Hospital. Clinical and dosimetric factors of 87 patients bearing a total of 220 BMs treated with SRT from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed. Among them, 46 patients with 127 BMs having clinical and MRI follow-up (FUP) ≥ 6 months were selected for RN evaluation. Dosimetric parameters of the uninvolved brain (brain without GTV) were extracted. The crude local control was 91% with neither clinical factors nor prescription dose correlating with local failure (LF). At a median FUP of 9 (1–68) months, the estimated median overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and brain progression-free survival (bPFS) were 16, 6, and 9 months, respectively. The estimated OS rates at 1 and 3 years were 59.8% and 18.3%, respectively; bPFS at 1 and 3 years was 29.9% and 13.5%, respectively; PFS at 1 and 3 years was 15.7% and 0%, respectively; and local failure-free survival (LFFS) at 1 and 3 years was 87.2% and 83.8%, respectively. Extracranial disease status was an independent factor related to OS. Fourteen (30%) patients manifested RN. At multivariate analysis, adenocarcinoma histology, left location, and absence of chemotherapy were confirmed as independent risk factors for any-grade RN. Nine (20%) patients developed symptomatic (G2) RN, which improved or stabilized after 1–16 months of steroid therapy. With prompt recognition and, when necessary, medical therapy, RN radiological and clinical amelioration can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barillaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II School of Medicine, 80128 Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Caroprese
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II School of Medicine, 80128 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cella
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Viggiano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II School of Medicine, 80128 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Buccelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II School of Medicine, 80128 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Daponte
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II School of Medicine, 80128 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Feoli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II School of Medicine, 80128 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Conson
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II School of Medicine, 80128 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Pacelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II School of Medicine, 80128 Naples, Italy
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12
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The impact of gamma-radiation on the cerebral- and cerebellar- cortex of male rats’ brain. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Jacob J, Feuvret L, Simon JM, Ribeiro M, Nichelli L, Jenny C, Ricard D, Psimaras D, Hoang-Xuan K, Maingon P. Neurological side effects of radiation therapy. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:2363-2374. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Image-Based Evaluation of Irradiation Effects in Brain Tissues by Measuring Absolute Electrical Conductivity Using MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215490. [PMID: 34771653 PMCID: PMC8583433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced injury is damage to normal tissues caused by unintentional exposure to ionizing radiation. Image-based evaluation of tissue damage by irradiation has an advantage for the early assessment of therapeutic effects by providing sensitive information on minute tissue responses in situ. Recent magnetic resonance (MR)-based electrical conductivity imaging has shown potential as an effective early imaging biomarker for treatment response and radiation-induced injury. However, to be a tool for evaluating therapeutic effects, validation of its reliability and sensitivity according to various irradiation conditions is required. We performed MR-based electrical conductivity imaging on designed phantoms to confirm the effect of ionizing radiation at different doses and on in vivo mouse brains to distinguish tissue response depending on different doses and the elapsed time after irradiation. To quantify the irradiation effects, we measured the absolute conductivity of brain tissues and calculated relative conductivity changes based on the value of pre-irradiation. The conductivity of the phantoms with the distilled water and saline solution increased linearly with the irradiation doses. The conductivity of in vivo mouse brains showed different time-course variations and residual contrast depending on the irradiation doses. Future studies will focus on validation at long-term time points, including early and late delayed response and evaluation of irradiation effects in various tissue types.
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15
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Kumar G, Dutta P, Parihar VK, Chamallamudi MR, Kumar N. Radiotherapy and Its Impact on the Nervous System of Cancer Survivors. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:374-385. [PMID: 32640964 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200708125741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is routinely used for the treatment of nearly all brain tumors, but it may lead to progressive and debilitating impairments of cognitive function. The growing evidence supports the fact that radiation exposure to CNS disrupts diverse cognitive functions including learning, memory, processing speed, attention and executive functions. The present review highlights the types of radiotherapy and the possible mechanisms of cognitive deficits and neurotoxicity following radiotherapy. The review summarizes the articles from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of science search engines. Radiation therapy uses high-powered x-rays, particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells, with minimal damage to healthy cells. While radiotherapy has yielded relative success in the treatment of cancer, patients are often plagued with unwanted and even debilitating side effects from the treatment, which can lead to dose reduction or even cessation of treatment. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms responsible for the development of these behavioral toxicities; however, neuroinflammation is widely considered as one of the major mechanisms responsible for radiotherapy-induced toxicities. The present study reviews the different types of radiotherapy available for the treatment of various types of cancers and their associated neurological complications. It also summarizes the doses of radiations used in the variety of radiotherapy, and their early and delayed side effects. Special emphasis is given to the effects of various types of radiations or late side effects on cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyadarshini Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vipan K Parihar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697- 2695, United States
| | - Mallikarjuna R Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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16
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El-Missiry MA, Shabana S, Ghazala SJ, Othman AI, Amer ME. Melatonin exerts a neuroprotective effect against γ-radiation-induced brain injury in the rat through the modulation of neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31108-31121. [PMID: 33598836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of melatonin (MLT) against brain injury in rats undergoing whole-body exposure to γ-radiation. Male Wistar rats were whole-body exposed to 4-Gy γ-radiation from a cesium-137 source. MLT (10 mg/kg) was orally administrated 30 minutes before irradiation and continued once daily for 1 and 7 days after exposure. In the irradiated rats, the plasma levels of glutamate were increased, while the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were decreased, and MLT improved the disturbed glutamate and GABA levels. These effects paralleled an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a) and C-reactive protein as well as a decrease in IL-10 in the plasma of the irradiated rats. MLT treatment markedly reduced these effects, indicating its anti-inflammatory impact. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a remarkable upregulation of caspase-3 and P53 expression, indicating the increased apoptosis in the brain of irradiated rats. MLT significantly downregulated the expression of these parameters compared with that in the irradiated rats, indicating its anti-apoptotic effect. Oxidative stress is developed in the brain as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde; decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; and decreased content of glutathione in the brain. MLT remarkably ameliorated the development of oxidative stress in the brain of the irradiated rats indicating its antioxidant impact. The histopathological results were consistent with the biochemical and immunohistochemical results and showed that MLT remarkably protected the histological structure of brain tissue compared with that in the irradiated rats. In conclusion, MLT showed potential neuroprotective properties by increasing the release of neurotransmitters, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory factors and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in the brain of irradiated rats. MLT can be beneficial in clinical and occupational settings requiring radiation exposure; however, additional studies are required to elucidate its neuroprotective effect in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameh Shabana
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sara J Ghazala
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza I Othman
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maggie E Amer
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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17
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Piasecki P, Majewska A, Narloch J, Maciak M, Brodaczewska K, Kuc M, Was H, Wierzbicki M, Brzozowski K, Ziecina P, Mazurek A, Dziuk M, Iller E, Kieda C. A new in vitro model applied 90Y microspheres to study the effects of low dose beta radiation on colorectal cancer cell line in various oxygenation conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4472. [PMID: 33627727 PMCID: PMC7904911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new in vitro model to assess the impact of 90Y-microspheres derived low-dose beta radiation on colorectal cancer cell line under various oxygenation conditions that mimic the tumor environment. Cancer cells (HCT116) proliferation was assessed using Alamar Blue (AB) assay after 48, 72, and 96 h. FLUKA code assessed changes in cancer cell populations relative to the absorbed dose. In normoxia, mitochondrial activity measured by Alamar Blue after 48–72 h was significantly correlated with the number of microspheres (48 h: r = 0.87 and 72 h: r = 0.89, p < 0.05) and absorbed dose (48 h: r = 0.87 and 72 h: r = 0.7, p < 0.05). In hypoxia, the coefficients were r = 0.43 for both the number of spheres and absorbed dose and r = 0.45, r = 0.47, respectively. Impediment of cancer cell proliferation depended on the absorbed dose. Doses below 70 Gy could reduce colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Hypoxia induced a higher resistance to radiation than that observed under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia and radiation induced senescence in cultured cells. The new in vitro model is useful for the assessment of 90Y radioembolization effects at the micro-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Piasecki
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Majewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Narloch
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Maciak
- Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Kuc
- Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland
| | - Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wierzbicki
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzozowski
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ziecina
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mazurek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Dziuk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Iller
- POLATOM Radioisotope Centre, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Tran TT, Gallezot JD, Jilaveanu LB, Zito C, Turcu G, Lim K, Nabulsi N, Huang H, Huttner A, Kluger HM, Chiang VL, Carson R. [ 11C]Methionine and [ 11C]PBR28 as PET Imaging Tracers to Differentiate Metastatic Tumor Recurrence or Radiation Necrosis. Mol Imaging 2020; 19:1536012120968669. [PMID: 33147119 PMCID: PMC7649862 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120968669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: As stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and immunotherapy are increasingly used to treat brain metastases, incidence of radiation necrosis (RN) is consequently rising. Differentiating tumor regrowth (TR) from RN is vital in management but difficult to assess using MRI. We hypothesized that tumor methionine levels would be elevated given increased metabolism and high amino acid uptake, whereas RN would increase inflammation marked by upregulated translocator protein (PBR-TSPO), which can be quantified with specific PET tracers. Procedures: We performed a feasibility study to prospectively evaluate [11C]methionine and [11C]PBR28 using PET in 5 patients with 7 previously SRS-treated brain metastases demonstrating regrowth to differentiate TR from RN. Results: Sequential imaging with dual tracers was well-tolerated. [11C]methionine was accurate for detecting pathologically confirmed TR in 7/7 lesions, whereas [11C]PBR28 was only accurate in 3/7 lesions. Tumor PBR-TSPO expression was elevated in both melanoma and lung cancer cells, contributing to lack of specificity of [11C]PBR28-PET. Conclusion: Sequential use of PET tracers is safe and effective. [11C]Methionine was a reliable TR marker, but [11C]PBR28 was not a reliable marker of RN. Studies are needed to determine the causes of post-radiation inflammation and identify specific markers of RN to improve diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T Tran
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lucia B Jilaveanu
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Zito
- Department of Biology, School of Health and Natural Sciences, 8515University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Gabriela Turcu
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Keunpoong Lim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Harriet M Kluger
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Veronica L Chiang
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 12228Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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An Iatrogenic Model of Brain Small-Vessel Disease: Post-Radiation Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186506. [PMID: 32899565 PMCID: PMC7555594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied 114 primitive cerebral neoplasia, that were surgically treated, and underwent radiotherapy (RT), and compared their results to those obtained by 190 patients diagnosed with subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD). Patients with any form of primitive cerebral neoplasia underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. All the tumor patients had regional field partial brain RT, which encompassed each tumor, with an average margin of 2.6 cm from the initial target tumor volume. We observed in our patients who have been exposed to a higher dose of RT (30–65 Gy) a cognitive and behavior decline similar to that observed in sVAD, with the frontal dysexecutive syndrome, apathy, and gait alterations, but with a more rapid onset and with an overwhelming effect. Multiple mechanisms are likely to be involved in radiation-induced cognitive impairment. The active site of RT brain damage is the white matter areas, particularly the internal capsule, basal ganglia, caudate, hippocampus, and subventricular zone. In all cases, radiation damage inside the brain mainly focuses on the cortical–subcortical frontal loops, which integrate and process the flow of information from the cortical areas, where executive functions are “elaborated” and prepared, towards the thalamus, subthalamus, and cerebellum, where they are continuously refined and executed. The active mechanisms that RT drives are similar to those observed in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), leading to sVAD. The RT’s primary targets, outside the tumor mass, are the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the small vessels, and putative mechanisms that can be taken into account are oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, strongly associated with the alteration of NMDA receptor subunit composition.
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20
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Increase of mtDNA number and its mutant copies in rat brain after exposure to 150 MeV protons. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4815-4820. [PMID: 32388700 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proton beam therapy is widely used for treating brain tumor. Despite the efficacy of treatment, the use of this therapy has met some limitations associated with possible damage to normal brain tissues located beyond the tumor site. In this context, the exploration of the harmful effects of protons on the normal brain tissues is of particular interest. We have investigated changes in the total mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and identified mtDNA mutant copies in three brain regions (the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum) of rats after irradiation their whole-head with 150 MeV protons at doses of 3 and 5 Gy. The study was performed in 2-months old male Spraque Dawley rats (n = 5 each group). The mtDNA copy numbers were determined by real-time PCR. The level of mtDNA heteroplasmy was estimated using Surveyor nuclease technology. Our results show that after head exposure to protons, levels of mtDNA copy number in three rat brain regions increase significantly as the levels of mtDNA mutant copies increase. The most significant elevation is observed in the hippocampus. In conclusion, an increase in mtDNA mutant copies may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by increased oxidative stress in different brain regions and promote the development of neurodegenerative diseases and the induction of carcinogenesis.
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21
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Abdullaev S, Gubina N, Bulanova T, Gaziev A. Assessment of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Expression of Mitochondria-Related Genes in Different Brain Regions in Rats after Whole-Body X-ray Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041196. [PMID: 32054039 PMCID: PMC7072726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of molecular changes occurred in various brain regions after whole-body irradiation showed a significant increase in terms of the importance in gaining insight into how to slow down or prevent the development of long-term side effects such as carcinogenesis, cognitive impairment and other pathologies. We have analyzed nDNA damage and repair, changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and in the level of mtDNA heteroplasmy, and also examined changes in the expression of genes involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in three areas of the rat brain (hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum) after whole-body X-ray irradiation. Long amplicon quantitative polymerase chain reaction (LA-QPCR) was used to detect nDNA and mtDNA damage. The level of mtDNA heteroplasmy was estimated using Surveyor nuclease technology. The mtDNA copy numbers and expression levels of a number of genes were determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that the repair of nDNA damage in the rat brain regions occurs slowly within 24 h; in the hippocampus, this process runs much slower. The number of mtDNA copies in three regions of the rat brain increases with a simultaneous increase in mtDNA heteroplasmy. However, in the hippocampus, the copy number of mutant mtDNAs increases significantly by the time point of 24 h after radiation exposure. Our analysis shows that in the brain regions of irradiated rats, there is a decrease in the expression of genes (ND2, CytB, ATP5O) involved in ATP synthesis, although by the same time point after irradiation, an increase in transcripts of genes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis is observed. On the other hand, analysis of genes that control the dynamics of mitochondria (Mfn1, Fis1) revealed that sharp decrease in gene expression level occurred, only in the hippocampus. Consequently, the structural and functional characteristics of the hippocampus of rats exposed to whole-body radiation can be different, most significantly from those of the other brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serazhutdin Abdullaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(4967)-739364; Fax: +7-(4967)-330553
| | - Nina Gubina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Tatiana Bulanova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Azhub Gaziev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.); (A.G.)
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Moscow, Russia;
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