Effectiveness of a Novel Dentifrice Containing Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide, Sarkosyl, and Sodium Fluoride

Virucidal activity of chlorine dioxide in combination with acetic acid or citric acid and a surfactant, in presence of interfering substances, against polio-, adeno- and murine norovirus in suspension-, carrier- and four-field tests

Introduction

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the virucidal effectiveness of chlorine dioxid against adenovirus and murine norovirus can be improved by combining it with carboxylic acids and surfactants.

Method

The virucidal efficacy against polio-, adeno- and murine norovirus has been tested in presence of interfering substances in the quantitative suspension test according to EN 14476, the carrier test without mechanical action according to EN 16777, and in the four-field test according to EN 16615.Three chlorine-dioxide-based surface disinfectants were tested: a two-component cleaning disinfectant concentrate for large surfaces, a ready-to-use (RTU) foam, and an RTU gel.

Results

Cleaning and disinfecting preparations based on chlorine dioxide, applied at various concentrations, in combination with acetic acid or citric acid and surfactants, are virucidally active against polio-, adeno-, and norovirus after an exposure time of 5 minutes in presence of interfering substances.

Formulating an altered dentin substrate to improve dentin bonding

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Secondary caries is a major factor in the failure of dental restorations. However, studies on the fabrication of acid-resistant and antibacterial dentin to improve dentin bonding are sparse.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of 2 types of fluoride-containing etchants on dentin bonding and explore the feasibility of formulating an altered dentin substrate to improve dentin bonding.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

NaF-containing and SnF2-containing etchants were developed by adding sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride to a 35% phosphoric acid aqueous solution. Two groups (N1 and N2) containing NaF, 10 and 30 mg/mL respectively, and 2 groups (S1 and S2) containing SnF2, 18.6 and 55.8 mg/mL respectively, were formulated. The etchant of the control group (C) was 35% phosphoric acid gel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microhardness, antierosion, and antibacterial tests were performed on the treated dentin. Moreover, the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of each group was tested, and the fracture mode was determined after testing. Statistical analysis was performed with the 2-way ANOVA test (α=.05).

RESULTS

The exposed collagen fiber was observed in group C, and minerals were formed on the dentin in the experimental groups. SEM, FTIR, and the microhardness test indicated more remineralization in the SnF2-containing etchant groups. The µTBS of S1 (77.5 ±10.36 MPa) was the highest in all groups, and group C (38.5 ±9.01 MPa) was the lowest. Moreover, the antierosion and antibacterial properties of the S2 group were the best among all groups (P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with NaF-containing etchant, SnF2-containing etchant could improve the dentin substrate, increase remineralization, improve bonding strength, and enhance antibacterial ability, especially by increasing resistance to acid erosion.

In vitro antiviral activity of stabilized chlorine dioxide containing oral care products

OBJECTIVE

To determine the in vitro antiviral activity of oral care products containing stabilized chlorine dioxide toward infectious viruses that harbor in the oral cavity. Specfically, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E, influenza A (H3N2), rhinovirus type 14, adenovirus type 5, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2 were examined.

METHODS

Validated in vitro suspension virucidal assays were used. Test product was mixed with the test virus for 30, 60, or 120 s, neutralized with sodium thiosulfate, serially diluted in dilution medium in a 96-well plate and incubated in a carbon dioxide incubator for 7 days. The 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose per milliliter was determined.

RESULTS

Two rinses, one oral spray and one fluoride toothpaste showed log reduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 ranging from 1.81 to 2.98 and of influenza A from 2.58 to 4.13, respectively, within 30 s of contact time; similar results were obtained at 60 s. Further, the Ultra Sensitive rinse showed 0.19, 0.75, 1.58, 1.75, 2.66, and 3.24 log reduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, human coronavirus 229E, rhinovirus type 14, adenovirus type 5, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, respectively, within 30 s of contact time.

CONCLUSION

Stabilized chlorine dioxide containing ClōSYS^® oral care products reduced the viral load of multiple viruses within 30 s. The results warrant further investigation for potential in vivo applications.