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Ekström S, Andersson N, Kull I, Georgelis A, Ljungman PLS, Melén E, Bergström A. Changes in lifestyle, adiposity, and cardiometabolic markers among young adults in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1026. [PMID: 37259040 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on public health in several ways. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in lifestyle, adiposity, and cardiometabolic markers among young adults in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic and their determinants. METHODS The study included 1 004 participants from the population-based birth cohort BAMSE. Anthropometrics, body composition (bioelectric impedance analyses), pulse, and blood pressure were measured before (December 2016-May 2019; mean age 22.6 years) and during (October 2020-June 2021; mean age 25.7 years) the COVID-19 pandemic. Lifestyle changes during the pandemic were assessed through a questionnaire. RESULTS All measures of adiposity (weight, BMI, body fat percentage, trunk fat percentage) and cardiometabolic markers (blood pressure, pulse) increased during the study period (e.g., body fat percentage by a median of + 0.8% in females, p < 0.001, and + 1.5% in males, p < 0.001). Male sex, non-Scandinavian ethnicity, BMI status (underweight and obesity), and changes in lifestyle factors, e.g., decreased physical activity during the pandemic, were associated with higher increase in BMI and/or adiposity. CONCLUSION Lifestyle factors, adiposity and cardiometabolic markers may have been adversely affected among young adults in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding years. Targeted public health measures to reduce obesity and improve healthy lifestyle are important to prevent future non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ekström
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Torsplan,Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, 118 61, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonios Georgelis
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Torsplan,Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter L S Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 57, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, 118 61, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Torsplan,Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Oh K, Park S, Park S, Yun S, Choi H, Jeong EK. Changes in food and nutrient intakes in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the 2011-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023015. [PMID: 36731472 PMCID: PMC10581887 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to examine the changes in dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes between before (2019) and during (2020) the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS A total of 54,995 participants aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2011-2020 KNHANES were included. The 10-year trend (2011-2020) and differences between 2019 and 2020 for dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes were estimated using SAS. RESULTS In the past 10 years (2011-2020), the dietary habits (increase in skipping meals and eating out), food intake (increase in meats and decrease in fruits and vegetables), and nutrient intake (increase in fat and decrease in sodium) in adults have changed. When comparing between 2019 and 2020, there were 4.6%p decrease in the eating out more than once a day. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the intakes of food, energy and most of nutrients between 2019 and 2020, except for the proportion of energy intake from fat (1.0%p increase) and carbohydrate (1.0%p decrease). CONCLUSIONS Although a change in dietary habits from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed, food and nutrient intakes have not deteriorated markedly and appear similar to the trends in the past 10 years. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to monitor the effects of changes in dietary habits on health as well as food and nutrient intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sihyun Park
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sungha Yun
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hongseok Choi
- Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Jeong
- Public Health Care Headquarters, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Besutti G, Pellegrini M, Ottone M, Bonelli E, Monelli F, Farì R, Milic J, Dolci G, Fasano T, Canovi S, Costi S, Fugazzaro S, Massari M, Ligabue G, Croci S, Salvarani C, Pattacini P, Guaraldi G, Giorgi Rossi P. Modifications of Chest CT Body Composition Parameters at Three and Six Months after Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183764. [PMID: 36145141 PMCID: PMC9501258 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to describe body composition changes up to 6–7 months after severe COVID-19 and to evaluate their association with COVID-19 inflammatory burden, described by the integral of the C-reactive protein (CRP) curve. The pectoral muscle area (PMA) and density (PMD), liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio, and total, visceral, and intermuscular adipose tissue areas (TAT, VAT, and IMAT) were measured at baseline (T0), 2–3 months (T1), and 6–7 months (T2) follow-up CT scans of severe COVID-19 pneumonia survivors. Among the 208 included patients (mean age 65.6 ± 11 years, 31.3% females), decreases in PMA [mean (95%CI) −1.11 (−1.72; −0.51) cm2] and in body fat areas were observed [−3.13 (−10.79; +4.52) cm2 for TAT], larger from T0 to T1 than from T1 to T2. PMD increased only from T1 to T2 [+3.07 (+2.08; +4.06) HU]. Mean decreases were more evident for VAT [−3.55 (−4.94; −2.17) cm2] and steatosis [L/S ratio increase +0.17 (+0.13; +0.20)] than for TAT. In multivariable models adjusted by age, sex, and baseline TAT, increasing the CRP interval was associated with greater PMA reductions, smaller PMD increases, and greater VAT and steatosis decreases, but it was not associated with TAT decreases. In conclusion, muscle loss and fat loss (more apparent in visceral compartments) continue until 6–7 months after COVID-19. The inflammatory burden is associated with skeletal muscle loss and visceral/liver fat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Besutti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Ottone
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Efrem Bonelli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Filippo Monelli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental PhD Program, University of Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Farì
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jovana Milic
- Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dolci
- Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fasano
- Clinical Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simone Canovi
- Clinical Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Costi
- Scientific Directorate Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Fugazzaro
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Massari
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Guido Ligabue
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Pattacini
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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