1
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Martinez A, Cho BJ, Kim MJ. A non-invasive approach to the resistive switching physical model of ultra-thin organic-inorganic dielectric-based ReRAMs. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18794-18805. [PMID: 37960930 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04682f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The race to next-generation non-volatile memory is on, and ultra-thin (<5 nm) organic-inorganic hybrid dielectric-based ReRAMs are a top contender. However, their extremely small thickness hinders their processability through material characterization techniques, leaving gaps in our understanding of the resistive switching (RS) dynamics in the hybrid dielectric layer. Furthermore, the poor uniformity of key switching parameters remains a persistent issue in ReRAMs, which impedes any trends to be clearly defined through electrical characterization. This work uses electrical manipulation through a ramped-pulse series (RPS) method to improve the voltage and resistance fluctuations in the reset process of ultra-thin Al/Hf-hybrid/Ni devices. By analyzing their electrical behavior under different pulse and temperature conditions, we propose a comprehensive physical model that describes the operating mechanism of the device. Our results confirm the coexistence in the conductive filament (CF) of a hybrid metallic portion composed of Al and Hf3Al2 and an oxygen vacancy portion. The vacancies are found to play a significant role in RS, with most of them generated during the CF forming process and participating to different degrees in the filament rupture of the RPS-processed and non-RPS-processed devices via Joule heating, drift, and Fick forces. Additionally, we identify the cause of switching failure events to be based on the presence of an Al2O3 interlayer in the Al/Hf-hybrid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martinez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Jin Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Ju Kim
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Baruah RK, Yoo H, Lee EK. Interconnection Technologies for Flexible Electronics: Materials, Fabrications, and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1131. [PMID: 37374716 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronic devices require metal interconnects to facilitate the flow of electrical signals among the device components, ensuring its proper functionality. There are multiple factors to consider when designing metal interconnects for flexible electronics, including their conductivity, flexibility, reliability, and cost. This article provides an overview of recent endeavors to create flexible electronic devices through different metal interconnect approaches, with a focus on materials and structural aspects. Additionally, the article discusses emerging flexible applications, such as e-textiles and flexible batteries, as essential considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Kumar Baruah
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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3
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Simultaneous emulation of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity using a memristive synapse. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2811. [PMID: 35589710 PMCID: PMC9120471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromorphic computing targets the hardware embodiment of neural network, and device implementation of individual neuron and synapse has attracted considerable attention. The emulation of synaptic plasticity has shown promising results after the advent of memristors. However, neuronal intrinsic plasticity, which involves in learning process through interactions with synaptic plasticity, has been rarely demonstrated. Synaptic and intrinsic plasticity occur concomitantly in learning process, suggesting the need of the simultaneous implementation. Here, we report a neurosynaptic device that mimics synaptic and intrinsic plasticity concomitantly in a single cell. Threshold switch and phase change memory are merged in threshold switch-phase change memory device. Neuronal intrinsic plasticity is demonstrated based on bottom threshold switch layer, which resembles the modulation of firing frequency in biological neuron. Synaptic plasticity is also introduced through the nonvolatile switching of top phase change layer. Intrinsic and synaptic plasticity are simultaneously emulated in a single cell to establish the positive feedback between them. A positive feedback learning loop which mimics the retraining process in biological system is implemented in threshold switch-phase change memory array for accelerated training. Synaptic plasticity and neuronal intrinsic plasticity are both involved in the learning process of hardware artificial neural network. Here, Lee et al. integrate a threshold switch and a phase change memory in a single device, which emulates biological synaptic and intrinsic plasticity simultaneously.
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4
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Mohamed E, Josten S, Marlow F. A purely ionic voltage effect soft triode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8311-8320. [PMID: 35319550 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04581d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the construction and characterization of an ionic soft triode intended to be based on interfacial ion adsorption and redox oxidizer depletion. The soft triode was built in a simple manner with no need for sophisticated or expensive materials. It does not utilize the control of a semiconducting channel, but an electrolyte. In different electrical circuit configurations, it can show amplification or memory effects. The device had an electrical current amplification reaching 52 and memory effects in the electrical resistance lasting for up to 6 h. These values were achieved by tuning the electrode interface, the electrolyte and diffusion properties. They are promising for neuromorphic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elalyaa Mohamed
- MPI für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
| | - Sabine Josten
- MPI für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.
| | - Frank Marlow
- MPI für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany. .,Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
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5
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Chang YC, Wang TY, Chen HB. Solution-Processed Organic Photodetectors with Renewable Materials. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10622-10626. [PMID: 35382316 PMCID: PMC8973150 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An organic photodetector prepared by a simple solution method based on renewable citrus pectin with an optimized concentration of aluminum nitrate (AlC05) is introduced herein. The effects of different concentrations of aluminum nitrate on the morphology and optical properties were investigated through various characterization methods. An AlC concentration of 0.5 mg/mL was found to provide the highest on/off ratio and acceptable rise and decay times. Also, the optimized device (Al/AlC0.5/ITO) exhibited good stability and repeatability at a 0.1 V bias under 440 nm visible light. Based on these results, citrus pectin materials were successfully used to fabricate an organic photodetector with a simple and cost-efficient fabrication process, while taking into account environmental commitments.
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6
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Wang T, Cui Z, Liu Y, Lu D, Wang M, Wan C, Leow WR, Wang C, Pan L, Cao X, Huang Y, Liu Z, Tok AIY, Chen X. Mechanically Durable Memristor Arrays Based on a Discrete Structure Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106212. [PMID: 34738253 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Memristors constitute a promising functional component for information storage and in-memory computing in flexible and stretchable electronics including wearable devices, prosthetics, and soft robotics. Despite tremendous efforts made to adapt conventional rigid memristors to flexible and stretchable scenarios, stretchable and mechanical-damage-endurable memristors, which are critical for maintaining reliable functions under unexpected mechanical attack, have never been achieved. Here, the development of stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance based on a discrete structure design is reported. The memristors possess large stretchability (40%) and excellent deformability (half-fold), and retain stable performances under dynamic stretching and releasing. It is shown that the memristors maintain reliable functions and preserve information after extreme mechanical damage, including puncture (up to 100 times) and serious tearing situations (fully diagonally cut). The structural strategy offers new opportunities for next-generation stretchable memristors with mechanical damage endurance, which is vital to achieve reliable functions for flexible and stretchable electronics even in extreme and highly dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zequn Cui
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Dingjie Lu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changjin Wan
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Changxian Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Pan
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xun Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yizhong Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Alfred Iing Yoong Tok
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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7
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Liu Z, Cheng P, Li Y, Kang R, Zhang Z, Zuo Z, Zhao J. High Temperature CsPbBr xI 3-x Memristors Based on Hybrid Electrical and Optical Resistive Switching Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58885-58897. [PMID: 34870980 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of perovskite-based memristors associated with the migration of ions has attracted attention for use in overcoming the limitations of the von Neumann computing architecture and removing the bottleneck of storage density. However, systematic research on the temperature dependence of halide perovskite-based memristors is still required due to the unavoidable thermal stability limits. In this work, mixed halide CsPbBrxI3-x-based (X = 0, 1, 2) memristors with unique electrical and optical resistive switching properties in an ambient atmosphere from room temperature to a 240 °C maximum have been successfully achieved. At room temperature, the CsPbBrxI3-x-based memristors exhibit outstanding resistive switching behaviors such as ultralow operating voltage (∼0.81, ∼0.64, and ∼0.54 V for different devices, respectively), moderate ON/OFF ratio (∼102), stable endurance (103 cycles), and long retention time (104 s). The CsPbBrxI3-x-based memristors maintain excellent repeatability and stability at high temperature. Endurance failures of CsPbI3, CsPbBrI2, and CsPbBr2I memristors occur at 90, 150, and 270 °C, respectively. Finally, nonvolatile imaging employing CsPbBr2I-based memristor arrays based on the electrical-write and optical-erase operation at 100 °C has been demonstrated. This study provides utilization potentiality in the high temperature scenarios for perovskite wearable and large-scale information devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Liu
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Cheng
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ruyan Kang
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zuo
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- Institute of Novel Semiconductors, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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8
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Chaulagain N, Alam KM, Kumar P, Kobryn AE, Gusarov S, Shankar K. Zinc phthalocyanine conjugated cellulose nanocrystals for memory device applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:055703. [PMID: 34633304 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the electrical properties of zinc phthalocyanine covalently conjugated to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC@ZnPc). Thin films of CNC@ZnPc sandwiched between two gold electrodes showed pronounced hysteresis in their current-voltage characteristics. The layered metal-organic-metal sandwich devices exhibit distinct high and low conductive states when bias is applied, which can be used to store information. Density functional theory results confirmed wave function overlap between CNC and ZnPc in CNC@ZnPc, and helped visualize the lowest (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) and highest molecular orbitals (highest occupied molecular orbital) in CNC@ZnPc. These results pave the way forward for all-organic electronic devices based on low cost, earth abundant CNCs and metallophthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Alexander E Kobryn
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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9
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Khan AI, Daus A, Islam R, Neilson KM, Lee HR, Wong HSP, Pop E. Ultralow-switching current density multilevel phase-change memory on a flexible substrate. Science 2021; 373:1243-1247. [PMID: 34516795 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Asir Intisar Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alwin Daus
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Raisul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathryn M Neilson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hye Ryoung Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - H-S Philip Wong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.,Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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10
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Carlos E, Branquinho R, Martins R, Kiazadeh A, Fortunato E. Recent Progress in Solution-Based Metal Oxide Resistive Switching Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004328. [PMID: 33314334 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide resistive switching memories have been a crucial component for the requirements of the Internet of Things, which demands ultra-low power and high-density devices with new computing principles, exploiting low cost green products and technologies. Most of the reported resistive switching devices use conventional methods (physical and chemical vapor deposition), which are quite expensive due to their up-scale production. Solution-processing methods have been improved, being now a reliable technology that offers many advantages for resistive random-access memory (RRAM) such as high versatility, large area uniformity, transparency, low-cost and a simple fabrication of two-terminal structures. Solution-based metal oxide RRAM devices are emergent and promising non-volatile memories for future electronics. In this review, a brief history of non-volatile memories is highlighted as well as the present status of solution-based metal oxide resistive random-access memory (S-RRAM). Then, a focus on describing the solution synthesis parameters of S-RRAMs which induce a massive influence in the overall performance of these devices is discussed. Next, a precise analysis is performed on the metal oxide thin film and electrode interface and the recent advances on S-RRAM that will allow their large-area manufacturing. Finally, the figures of merit and the main challenges in S-RRAMs are discussed and future trends are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Carlos
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Rita Branquinho
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Asal Kiazadeh
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
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11
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Sustainable resistance switching performance from composite-type ReRAM device based on carbon Nanotube@Titania core-shell wires. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18830. [PMID: 33139787 PMCID: PMC7608622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite-based non-volatile resistance switching random access memory device introducing single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)@TiO2 core–shell wires was proposed for flexible electronics. The SWCNT was de-bundled by ultrasonication with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and then the TiO2 skin layer on the SWCNT surface was successfully introduced by adding benzyl alcohol as a weak surfactant. The nanocomposite resistance switching layer was composed of the SWCNT@TiO2 core–shell wires and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix by a simple spin-coating method. The device exhibited reproducible resistance switching performance with a remarkably narrow distribution of operating parameters (VSET and VRESET were 2.63 ± 0.16 and 0.95 ± 0.11 V, respectively) with a large RON/ROFF ratio of 105 for 200 consecutive switching cycles. Furthermore, the excellent resistance switching behavior in our device was maintained against mechanical stress up to 105 bending test. We believe that the nanocomposite memory device with SWCNT@TiO2 core–shell wires would be a critical asset to realize practical application for a flexible non-volatile memory field.
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12
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Luo Y, Wang M, Wan C, Cai P, Loh XJ, Chen X. Devising Materials Manufacturing Toward Lab-to-Fab Translation of Flexible Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001903. [PMID: 32743815 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have witnessed exciting progress in academia over the past decade, but most of the research outcomes have yet to be translated into products or gain much market share. For mass production and commercialization, industrial adoption of newly developed functional materials and fabrication techniques is a prerequisite. However, due to the disparate features of academic laboratories and industrial plants, translating materials and manufacturing technologies from labs to fabs is notoriously difficult. Therefore, herein, key challenges in the materials manufacturing of flexible electronics are identified and discussed for its lab-to-fab translation, along the four stages in product manufacturing: design, materials supply, processing, and integration. Perspectives on industry-oriented strategies to overcome some of these obstacles are also proposed. Priorities for action are outlined, including standardization, iteration between basic and applied research, and adoption of smart manufacturing. With concerted efforts from academia and industry, flexible electronics will bring a bigger impact to society as promised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Luo
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changjin Wan
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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13
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Fatheema J, Shahid T, Mohammad MA, Islam A, Malik F, Akinwande D, Rizwan S. A comprehensive investigation of MoO 3 based resistive random access memory. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19337-19345. [PMID: 35515462 PMCID: PMC9054044 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bipolar resistive switching of molybdenum oxide is deliberated while molybdenum and nickel are used as bottom and top electrodes, respectively, to present a device with resistive random access memory (RRAM) characteristics. For the trilayered structure, the SET voltage lies around 3.3 V and RESET voltage is observed to be in the −2.3 V to −2.7 V range. The conduction mechanism has been observed and revealed for the Metal–Insulator–Metal (MIM) structure which is a space-charge-limited current mechanism that follows both ohmic conduction and Child's law. Furthermore, a theoretical study has been performed by using density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate the resistance switching role of molybdenum oxide (MoO3). The structure has been studied with oxygen vacancy sites induced into the system which shows the reduction in bandgap, whereas an indirect bandgap of 1.9 eV and a direct bandgap of 3.1 eV are calculated for molybdenum oxide. Conclusively, the formation of a conduction filament which is fundamental for resistive switching has been explained through band structure and density of states per eV for oxygen vacancy structures of molybdenum oxide. The current work presents an in-depth understanding of the resistive switching mechanism involved in MoO3 based resistive random access memory devices for future data storage applications. The bipolar resistive switching of molybdenum oxide is deliberated while molybdenum and nickel are used as bottom and top electrodes, respectively, to present a device with resistive random access memory (RRAM) characteristics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Fatheema
- Physics Characterization and Simulations Lab, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad 54000 Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Shahid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohammad
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) Islamabad 54000 Pakistan
| | - Amjad Islam
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou-350002 P. R. China
| | - Fouzia Malik
- Research Centre for Modelling and Simulations, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) Islamabad 54000 Pakistan
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 USA
| | - Syed Rizwan
- Physics Characterization and Simulations Lab, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad 54000 Pakistan
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14
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Xu M, Yan JM, Guo L, Wang H, Xu ZX, Yan MY, Lu YL, Gao GY, Li XG, Luo HS, Chai Y, Zheng RK. Nonvolatile Control of the Electronic Properties of In 2-xCr xO 3 Semiconductor Films by Ferroelectric Polarization Charge. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32449-32459. [PMID: 31405273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of Cr-doped In2-xCrxO3 (ICO) semiconductor thin films were epitaxially grown on (111)-oriented 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.29PbTiO3 (PMN-0.29PT) single-crystal substrates by the pulsed laser deposition. Upon the application of an electric field to the PMN-0.29PT substrate along the thickness direction, we realized in situ, reversible, and nonvolatile control of the electronic properties and Fermi level of the films, which are manifested by abundant physical phenomena such as the n-type to p-type transformation, metal-semiconductor transition, metal-insulator transition, crossover of the magnetoresistance (MR) from negative to positive, and a large nonvolatile on-and-off ratio of 5.5 × 104% at room temperature. We also strictly disclose that both the sign and the magnitude of MR are determined by the electron carrier density of ICO films, which could modify the s-d exchange interaction and weak localization effect. Our results demonstrate that the ferroelectric gating approach using PMN-PT can be utilized to gain deeper insight into the carrier-density-related electronic properties of In2O3-based semiconductors and provide a simple and energy efficient way to construct multifunctional devices which can utilize the unique properties of composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jian-Min Yan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Devices , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , China
| | - Zhi-Xue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Ming-Yuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Yun-Long Lu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Guan-Yin Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Hao-Su Luo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ren-Kui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Devices , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , China
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15
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Study on synthesis, characterization, and nonvolatile memory behavior of ferrocene-containing metallopolymers. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Ghoneim MT, Nguyen A, Dereje N, Huang J, Moore GC, Murzynowski PJ, Dagdeviren C. Recent Progress in Electrochemical pH-Sensing Materials and Configurations for Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5248-5297. [PMID: 30901212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
pH-sensing materials and configurations are rapidly evolving toward exciting new applications, especially those in biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight rapid progress in electrochemical pH sensors over the past decade (2008-2018) with an emphasis on key considerations, such as materials selection, system configurations, and testing protocols. In addition to recent progress in optical pH sensors, our main focus in this review is on electromechanical pH sensors due to their significant advances, especially in biomedical applications. We summarize developments of electrochemical pH sensors that by virtue of their optimized material chemistries (from metal oxides to polymers) and geometrical features (from thin films to quantum dots) enable their adoption in biomedical applications. We further present an overview of necessary sensing standards and protocols. Standards ensure the establishment of consistent protocols, facilitating collective understanding of results and building on the current state. Furthermore, they enable objective benchmarking of various pH-sensing reports, materials, and systems, which is critical for the overall progression and development of the field. Additionally, we list critical issues in recent literary reporting and suggest various methods for objective benchmarking. pH regulation in the human body and state-of-the-art pH sensors (from ex vivo to in vivo) are compared for suitability in biomedical applications. We conclude our review by (i) identifying challenges that need to be overcome in electrochemical pH sensing and (ii) providing an outlook on future research along with insights, in which the integration of various pH sensors with advanced electronics can provide a new platform for the development of novel technologies for disease diagnostics and prevention.
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17
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Gao S, Yi X, Shang J, Liu G, Li RW. Organic and hybrid resistive switching materials and devices. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1531-1565. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a timely and comprehensive summary of organic and hybrid materials for nonvolatile resistive switching memory applications in the “More than Moore” era, with particular attention on their designing principles for electronic property tuning and flexible memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Gang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo
- China
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18
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Zheng L, Sun B, Mao S, Zhu S, Zheng P, Zhang Y, Lei M, Zhao Y. Metal Ions Redox Induced Repeatable Nonvolatile Resistive Switching Memory Behavior in Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:496-501. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Wang K, Ling H, Bao Y, Yang M, Yang Y, Hussain M, Wang H, Zhang L, Xie L, Yi M, Huang W, Xie X, Zhu J. A Centimeter-Scale Inorganic Nanoparticle Superlattice Monolayer with Non-Close-Packing and its High Performance in Memory Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800595. [PMID: 29782682 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the near-field coupling effect, non-close-packed nanoparticle (NP) assemblies with tunable interparticle distance (d) attract great attention and show huge potential applications in various functional devices, e.g., organic nano-floating-gate memory (NFGM) devices. Unfortunately, the fabrication of device-scale non-close-packed 2D NPs material still remains a challenge, limiting its practical applications. Here, a facile yet robust "rapid liquid-liquid interface assembly" strategy is reported to generate a non-close-packed AuNP superlattice monolayer (SM) on a centimeter scale for high-performance pentacene-based NFGM. The d and hence the surface plasmon resonance spectra of SM can be tailored by adjusting the molecular weight of tethered polymers. Precise control over the d value allows the successful fabrication of photosensitive NFGM devices with highly tunable performances from short-term memory to nonvolatile data storage. The best performing nonvolatile memory device shows remarkable 8-level (3-bit) storage and a memory ratio over 105 even after 10 years compared with traditional devices with a AuNP amorphous monolayer. This work provides a new opportunity to obtain large area 2D NPs materials with non-close-packed structure, which is significantly meaningful to microelectronic, photovoltaics devices, and biochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion & Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Ling
- Key Lab for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Bao
- Key Lab for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion & Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion & Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mubashir Hussain
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion & Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huayang Wang
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion & Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion & Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Lab for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mingdong Yi
- Key Lab for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Lab for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion & Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion & Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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20
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Shan Y, Lyu Z, Guan X, Younis A, Yuan G, Wang J, Li S, Wu T. Solution-processed resistive switching memory devices based on hybrid organic–inorganic materials and composites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23837-23846. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We review emerging low-cost solution-processed resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) made of either hybrid nanocomposites or hybrid organo-lead halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of New South Wales (UNSW)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Zhensheng Lyu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of New South Wales (UNSW)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of New South Wales (UNSW)
- Sydney
- Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Adnan Younis
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of New South Wales (UNSW)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Junling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Sean Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of New South Wales (UNSW)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of New South Wales (UNSW)
- Sydney
- Australia
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21
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Vinylidene fluoride- and trifluoroethylene-containing fluorinated electroactive copolymers. How does chemistry impact properties? Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Joe DJ, Kim S, Park JH, Park DY, Lee HE, Im TH, Choi I, Ruoff RS, Lee KJ. Laser-Material Interactions for Flexible Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28370626 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of lasers for industrial, scientific, and medical applications has received an enormous amount of attention due to the advantageous ability of precise parameter control for heat transfer. Laser-beam-induced photothermal heating and reactions can modify nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and two-dimensional materials including graphene, in a controlled manner. There have been numerous efforts to incorporate lasers into advanced electronic processing, especially for inorganic-based flexible electronics. In order to resolve temperature issues with plastic substrates, laser-material processing has been adopted for various applications in flexible electronics including energy devices, processors, displays, and other peripheral electronic components. Here, recent advances in laser-material interactions for inorganic-based flexible applications with regard to both materials and processes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Joe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Eol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hong Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Insung Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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23
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Jiang J, Bitla Y, Huang CW, Do TH, Liu HJ, Hsieh YH, Ma CH, Jang CY, Lai YH, Chiu PW, Wu WW, Chen YC, Zhou YC, Chu YH. Flexible ferroelectric element based on van der Waals heteroepitaxy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700121. [PMID: 28630922 PMCID: PMC5466366 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a promising technology for nonvolatile flexible electronic devices: A direct fabrication of epitaxial lead zirconium titanate (PZT) on flexible mica substrate via van der Waals epitaxy. These single-crystalline flexible ferroelectric PZT films not only retain their performance, reliability, and thermal stability comparable to those on rigid counterparts in tests of nonvolatile memory elements but also exhibit remarkable mechanical properties with robust operation in bent states (bending radii down to 2.5 mm) and cycling tests (1000 times). This study marks the technological advancement toward realizing much-awaited flexible yet single-crystalline nonvolatile electronic devices for the design and development of flexible, lightweight, and next-generation smart devices with potential applications in electronics, robotics, automotive, health care, industrial, and military systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yugandhar Bitla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Thi Hien Do
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Jui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Ma
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Jang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hong Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chiu
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
- Corresponding author. (Y.-C.Z.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Ying-Hao Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. (Y.-C.Z.); (Y.-H.C.)
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24
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Ghoneim MT, Hussain MM. Highly Manufacturable Deep (Sub-Millimeter) Etching Enabled High Aspect Ratio Complex Geometry Lego-Like Silicon Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1601801. [PMID: 28145623 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly manufacturable deep reactive ion etching based process involving a hybrid soft/hard mask process technology shows high aspect ratio complex geometry Lego-like silicon electronics formation enabling free-form (physically flexible, stretchable, and reconfigurable) electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tarek Ghoneim
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mustafa Hussain
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Bakaul SR, Serrao CR, Lee O, Lu Z, Yadav A, Carraro C, Maboudian R, Ramesh R, Salahuddin S. High Speed Epitaxial Perovskite Memory on Flexible Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605699. [PMID: 28112840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal perovskite ferroelectric material is integrated at room temperature on a flexible substrate by the layer transfer technique. Two terminal memory devices fabricated with these materials exhibit faster switching speed, lower operating voltage, and superior endurance than other existing flexible counterparts. The research provides an avenue toward combining the rich functionality of charge and spin states, offered by the general class of complex oxides, onto a flexible platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidur R Bakaul
- Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Claudy R Serrao
- Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Oukjae Lee
- Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ajay Yadav
- Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carlo Carraro
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Roya Maboudian
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sayeef Salahuddin
- Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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26
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Ourry L, Toulemon D, Ammar S, Mammeri F. Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:408-417. [PMID: 28326230 PMCID: PMC5331318 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) must not only be well-defined in composition, shape and size to exhibit the desired properties (e.g., exchange-bias for thermal stability of the magnetization) but also judiciously functionalized to ensure their stability in air and their compatibility with a polymer matrix, in order to avoid aggregation which may seriously affect their physical properties. Dipolar interactions between NPs too close to each other favour a collective magnetic glass state with lower magnetization and coercivity because of inhomogeneous and frustrated macrospin cluster freezing. Consequently, tailoring chemically (through surface functionalization) and magnetically stable NPs for technological applications is of primary importance. Results: In this work, well-characterized exchange-biased perfectly epitaxial Co x Fe3-x O4@CoO core@shell NPs, which were isotropic in shape and of about 10 nm in diameter, were decorated by two different polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or polystyrene (PS), using radical-controlled polymerization under various processing conditions. We compared the influence of the synthesis parameters on the structural and microstructural properties of the resulting hybrid systems, with special emphasis on significantly reducing their mutual magnetic attraction. For this, we followed two routes: the first one consists of the direct grafting of bromopropionyl ester groups at the surface of the NPs, which were previously recovered and redispersed in a suitable solvent. The second route deals with an "all in solution" process, based on the decoration of NPs by oleic acid followed by ligand exchange with the desired bromopropionyl ester groups. We then built various assemblies of NPs directly on a substrate or suspended in PMMA. Conclusion: The alternative two-step strategy leads to better dispersed polymer-decorated magnetic particles, and the resulting nanohybrids can be considered as valuable building blocks for flexible, magnetic polymer-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Ourry
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7086 ITODYS, Case 7090, 5 rue Thomas Mann, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Toulemon
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7086 ITODYS, Case 7090, 5 rue Thomas Mann, Paris, France
| | - Souad Ammar
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7086 ITODYS, Case 7090, 5 rue Thomas Mann, Paris, France
| | - Fayna Mammeri
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7086 ITODYS, Case 7090, 5 rue Thomas Mann, Paris, France
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Soulestin T, Marcelino Dos Santos Filho P, Ladmiral V, Lannuzel T, Domingues Dos Santos F, Améduri B. Ferroelectric fluorinated copolymers with improved adhesion properties. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Modified fluorinated electroactive poly(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymers with improved adhesion properties, on glass or metal substrates, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Soulestin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253 CNRS
- ENSCM
- UM
- Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires (IAM)
| | | | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253 CNRS
- ENSCM
- UM
- Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires (IAM)
| | | | | | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253 CNRS
- ENSCM
- UM
- Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires (IAM)
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28
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Liang L, Kang X, Sang Y, Liu H. One-Dimensional Ferroelectric Nanostructures: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500358. [PMID: 27812477 PMCID: PMC5069456 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) ferroelectric nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanobelts, and nanofibers, have been studied with increasing intensity in recent years. Because of their excellent ferroelectric, ferroelastic, pyroelectric, piezoelectric, inverse piezoelectric, ferroelectric-photovoltaic (FE-PV), and other unique physical properties, 1D ferroelectric nanostructures have been widely used in energy-harvesting devices, nonvolatile random access memory applications, nanoelectromechanical systems, advanced sensors, FE-PV devices, and photocatalysis mechanisms. This review summarizes the current state of 1D ferroelectric nanostructures and provides an overview of the synthesis methods, properties, and practical applications of 1D nanostructures. Finally, the prospects for future investigations are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 27 Shandanan Road Jinan 250100 P.R. China
| | - Xueliang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 27 Shandanan Road Jinan 250100 P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 27 Shandanan Road Jinan 250100 P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 27 Shandanan Road Jinan 250100 P.R. China
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Hussain AM, Hussain MM. CMOS-Technology-Enabled Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Internet of Everything Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:4219-49. [PMID: 26607553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable electronics can dramatically enhance the application of electronics for the emerging Internet of Everything applications where people, processes, data and devices will be integrated and connected, to augment quality of life. Using naturally flexible and stretchable polymeric substrates in combination with emerging organic and molecular materials, nanowires, nanoribbons, nanotubes, and 2D atomic crystal structured materials, significant progress has been made in the general area of such electronics. However, high volume manufacturing, reliability and performance per cost remain elusive goals for wide commercialization of these electronics. On the other hand, highly sophisticated but extremely reliable, batch-fabrication-capable and mature complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based technology has facilitated tremendous growth of today's digital world using thin-film-based electronics; in particular, bulk monocrystalline silicon (100) which is used in most of the electronics existing today. However, one fundamental challenge is that state-of-the-art CMOS electronics are physically rigid and brittle. Therefore, in this work, how CMOS-technology-enabled flexible and stretchable electronics can be developed is discussed, with particular focus on bulk monocrystalline silicon (100). A comprehensive information base to realistically devise an integration strategy by rational design of materials, devices and processes for Internet of Everything electronics is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab M Hussain
- Integrated Nanotechnology Laboratory, Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- Integrated Nanotechnology Laboratory, Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Singh D, Deepak D, Garg A. The combined effect of mechanical strain and electric field cycling on the ferroelectric performance of P(VDF-TrFE) thin films on flexible substrates and underlying mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:29478-29485. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02740g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we study the combined effect of mechanical strain and electric field cycling on the ferroelectric properties and polarization fatigue of P(VDF-TrFE) based flexible thin film capacitors from the perspective of flexible memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Singh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Samtel Centre for Display Technologies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Deepak Deepak
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Samtel Centre for Display Technologies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Samtel Centre for Display Technologies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
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