1
|
Guo R, An N, Huang Y, Guan L, Zhang G, Zhu G, Liu Z. One-Pot Synthesis of Pt High Index Facets Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4451. [PMID: 36558304 PMCID: PMC9781058 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) has attracted wide attention due to its wide range of fuel sources, cleanliness, and high efficiency. However, the problems of low catalytic efficiency and poor catalyst stability still exist in DEFC catalysts, which restrict its rapid development. With chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6·6H2O) as the precursor, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) plays the role of surfactant, stabilizer, and reducing agent in the experiment. Glycine is the surface control agent and co-reducing agent. Pt high-index facets nanocatalyst was prepared with the one-pot hydrothermal method by adjusting the amount of PVP and glycine. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the micro-structure of the nanocatalyst, and the influence of PVP and glycine on the synthesis of high-index facets catalyst was studied. The electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst was tested with an electrochemical workstation, and it was found that the performance of the prepared catalyst was better than that of the commercial catalyst. When the mass ratio of PVP and Pt was 50:1 and the molar ratio of glycine and Pt was 24:1, Pt nanocatalysts with {310}, {520} and {830} high exponential facets were prepared. The electrochemical test results showed that the peak current density of ethanol oxidation was 2.194 m2/g, and the steady-state current density was 0.241 mA/cm2, which was 5.7 times higher than that of commercial catalyst. The results of this paper show that due to the defects such as steps and kinks on the surface of the high-index facets, the active sites are increased, thus showing excellent electrocatalytic performance. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and commercial application of high index facets nanocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Guo
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Device, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and Efficient Utilization of Light Rare Earth Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Na An
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Device, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and Efficient Utilization of Light Rare Earth Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Yarong Huang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Lili Guan
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Device, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Guofu Zhu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Zhaogang Liu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiang Q, Yan R, Gao G, Wang S. Electrooxidation of Methanol on PANI‐CeO
2
@Pt Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xiang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui, 230601 China
| | - Ruiwen Yan
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui, 230601 China
| | - Guiqi Gao
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui, 230601 China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui, 230601 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Low-Pt-Based Sn Alloy for the Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane to Toluene: A Density Functional Theory Study. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-polarized van der Waals corrected density functional theory calculations were applied to Sn–Pt alloys with Pt content ≤ 50% (referred to as low Pt alloys) to evaluate their catalytic activity towards the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane (MCH), with the formation of toluene as product. The calculated adsorption energies of MCH, its intermediates and toluene showed that these molecules bind on the considered Sn–Pt alloys. Sn–Pt alloys had the lowest dehydrogenation energetics, indicating that the activity of this catalytic material is superior to that of a pristine Pt catalyst. Desorption of the intermediate species was feasible for all Sn–Pt alloy configurations considered. The catalytic dehydrogenation reaction energetics for the various Sn–Pt alloy configurations were more favourable than that achieved with pristine Pt surfaces. The current study should motivate experimental realization of Sn–Pt alloys for the catalytic dehydrogenation reaction of MCH.
Collapse
|
4
|
Graphene-like materials as an alternative to carbon Vulcan support for the electrochemical reforming of ethanol: Towards a complete optimization of the anodic catalyst. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Pulse-electrodeposition of PtNi nanoparticles on a novel substrate of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(eriochrome blue-black B) as an active and durable catalyst for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Azcoaga Chort MF, Nagel PA, Veizaga NS, Rodríguez VI, de Miguel SR. Effect of Sn content on Pt/
CNT
electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cell application. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Florencia Azcoaga Chort
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica “Ing. José Miguel Parera” (INCAPE), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (UNL)‐CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Pablo A. Nagel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica “Ing. José Miguel Parera” (INCAPE), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (UNL)‐CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Natalia S. Veizaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica “Ing. José Miguel Parera” (INCAPE), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (UNL)‐CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Virginia I. Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica “Ing. José Miguel Parera” (INCAPE), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (UNL)‐CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Sergio R. de Miguel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica “Ing. José Miguel Parera” (INCAPE), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (UNL)‐CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Using Noble-Metal Nanoheterogeneous Catalysts: Towards Sustainable Hydrogen-Based Energy. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for sustainable energy sources is now more urgent than ever, and hydrogen is significant in the future of energy. However, several obstacles remain in the way of widespread hydrogen use, most of which are related to transport and storage. Dilute formic acid (FA) is recognized asa a safe fuel for low-temperature fuel cells. This review examines FA as a potential hydrogen storage molecule that can be dehydrogenated to yield highly pure hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with very little carbon monoxide (CO) gas produced via nanoheterogeneous catalysts. It also present the use of Au and Pd as nanoheterogeneous catalysts for formic acid liquid phase decomposition, focusing on the influence of noble metals in monometallic, bimetallic, and trimetallic compositions on the catalytic dehydrogenation of FA under mild temperatures (20–50 °C). The review shows that FA production from CO2 without a base by direct catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation is far more sustainable than existing techniques. Finally, using FA as an energy carrier to selectively release hydrogen for fuel cell power generation appears to be a potential technique.
Collapse
|
8
|
VALADEZ HUERTA G, NANBA Y, ZULKIFLI NDB, RIVERA ROCABADO DS, ISHIMOTO T, KOYAMA M. First-Principles Calculations of Stability, Electronic Structure, and Sorption Properties of Nanoparticle Systems. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke NANBA
- Research Initiative for Supra Materials, Shinshu University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Themsirimongkon S, Pongpichayakul N, Fang L, Jakmunee J, Saipanya S. New catalytic designs of Pt on carbon nanotube-nickel-carbon black for enhancement of methanol and formic acid oxidation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Fang B, Liu Z, Bao Y, Feng L. Unstable Ni leaching in MOF-derived PtNi-C catalyst with improved performance for alcohols fuel electro-oxidation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Zhang J, Lu S, Xiang Y, Jiang SP. Intrinsic Effect of Carbon Supports on the Activity and Stability of Precious Metal Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation in Fuel Cells: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2484-2502. [PMID: 32068972 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalyst supports, in particular carbonaceous materials, play critical roles in the electrocatalytic activity and stability of precious metal group (PMG)-based catalysts such as Pt, Pd, and Au for the electrochemical alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) of fuels such as methanol and ethanol in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Carbonaceous supports such as high surface area carbon provide electronic contact throughout the catalyst layer, isolate PMG nanoparticles (NPs) to maintain high electrochemical surface area, and provide hydrophobic properties to avoid flooding of the catalyst layer by liquid water produced. Compared to high surface area carbon, PMG catalysts supported on 1D and 2D carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes show enhanced activity and durability due to the intrinsic effect of the underlying carbonaceous supports on the electronic states of PMG NPs. The modification of the electronic environment, in particular the d-band centers of PMG NPs, weakens the adsorption of AOR intermediates, facilitates breaking of the C-C bonds, and thus enhances the electrocatalytic activity of PMG catalysts. The doping of heteroatoms further facilitates the electrocatalytic activity for the AOR through the structural, bifunctional, and electronic effects, in addition to the enhanced dispersion of PMG NPs in the carbon support. The prospects for the development of effective PMG-based catalysts for high-performance alcohol-fuel-based PEMFCs is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices & School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shanfu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices & School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices & School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - San Ping Jiang
- Fuels and Energy Technology Institute and WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy & Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi Z, Li X, Li T, Chen Y, Tang Y. Evolution of composition and structure of PtRh/C in the acidic methanol electrooxidation process. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
14
|
Three dimensional Pt island-on-Au architectures coupled with graphite carbon nitride nanosheets for effective photo-accelerated methanol electro-oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 558:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Wang P, Kulp K, Bron M. Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1475-1487. [PMID: 31431860 PMCID: PMC6664386 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically structured 3-dimensional electrodes based on branched carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are prepared on a glassy carbon (GC) substrate in a sequence of electrodeposition and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) steps as follows: Primary CNTs are grown over electrodeposited iron by CVD followed by a second Fe deposition and finally the CVD growth of secondary CNTs. The prepared 3-dimensional CNT structures (CNT/CNT/GC) exhibit enhanced double-layer capacitance and thus larger surface area compared to CNT/GC. Pt electrodeposition onto both types of electrodes yields a uniform and homogeneous Pt nanoparticle distribution. Each preparation step is followed by scanning electron microscopy, while the CNTs were additionally characterized by Raman spectroscopy. In this way it is demonstrated that by varying the parameters during the electrodeposition and CVD steps, a tuning of the structural parameters of the hierarchical electrodes is possible. The suitability of the hierarchical electrodes for electrocatalytic applications is demonstrated using the methanol electro-oxidation as a test reaction. The Pt mass specific activity towards methanol oxidation of Pt-CNT/CNT/GC is approximately 2.5 times higher than that of Pt-CNT/GC, and the hierarchical electrode exhibits a more negative onset potential. Both structures demonstrate an exceptionally high poisoning tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kulp
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Bron
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A Pd nanoparticle anchored on PEDOT-modified $$\hbox {MnO}_{2}$$ nanostructure as a highly stable and efficient cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-019-01331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Pandey G. Biomass based bio-electro fuel cells based on carbon electrodes: an alternative source of renewable energy. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
18
|
Abstract
PtSn/C-type catalysts modified with Ta and Ru were prepared by the thermal decomposition of polymeric precursors with the following nominal compositions: Pt70Sn10Ta20/C, Pt70Sn10Ta15Ru5/C, Pt70Sn10Ta10Ru10/C and Pt70Sn10Ta5Ru15/C. The physicochemical characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The electrochemical characterization was performed using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and fuel cell testing. PtSnTaRu/C catalysts were characterized in the absence and presence of ethanol in an acidic medium (H2SO4 0.5 mol L−1). All the catalysts showed activity for the oxidation of ethanol. The results indicated that the addition of Ta increased the stability and performance of the catalysts, as the Pt70Sn10Ta20/C catalyst had the maximum power density of 27.3 mW cm−2 in an acidic medium. The results showed that the PtSn/C-type catalysts modified with Ta and Ru showed good performance against alcohol oxidation, representingan alternative to the use of direct ethanol fuel cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim M, Lee C, Ko SM, Nam JM. Metal alloy hybrid nanoparticles with enhanced catalytic activities in fuel cell applications. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
20
|
Hatamie A, Rezvani E, Rasouli AS, Simchi A. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol on Flexible Three‐Dimensional Interconnected Nickel/Gold Composite Foams in Alkaline Media. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hatamie
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Ehsan Rezvani
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | | | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Institute for Nanoscience and NanotechnologySharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gu Z, Li S, Xiong Z, Xu H, Gao F, Du Y. Rapid synthesis of platinum-ruthenium bimetallic nanoparticles dispersed on carbon support as improved electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 521:111-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Moro Ouma CN, Modisha P, Bessarabov D. Insight into the adsorption of a liquid organic hydrogen carrier, perhydro-i-dibenzyltoluene (i = m, o, p), on Pt, Pd and PtPd planar surfaces. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31895-31904. [PMID: 35547501 PMCID: PMC9086217 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05800h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) interaction with a planar surface of a catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecil Naphtaly Moro Ouma
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence
- Faculty of Engineering
- North-West University (NWU)
- Potchefstroom
- South Africa
| | - Phillimon Modisha
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence
- Faculty of Engineering
- North-West University (NWU)
- Potchefstroom
- South Africa
| | - Dmitri Bessarabov
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence
- Faculty of Engineering
- North-West University (NWU)
- Potchefstroom
- South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Biomass-Based Fuel-Fed Fuel Cells. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112587. [PMID: 29125564 PMCID: PMC5713132 DOI: 10.3390/s17112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and sustainable economical concerns are generating a growing interest in biofuels predominantly produced from biomass. It would be ideal if an energy conversion device could directly extract energy from a sustainable energy resource such as biomass. Unfortunately, up to now, such a direct conversion device produces insufficient power to meet the demand of practical applications. To realize the future of biofuel-fed fuel cells as a green energy conversion device, efforts have been devoted to the development of carbon-based nanomaterials with tunable electronic and surface characteristics to act as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts and/or as supporting matrix for metal-based electrocatalysts. We present here a mini review on the recent advances in carbon-based catalysts for each type of biofuel-fed/biofuel cells that directly/indirectly extract energy from biomass resources, and discuss the challenges and perspectives in this developing field.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
To elucidate the atomic arrangement of a Pt-Rh-Sn ternary catalyst with a high catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and high CO2 selectivity, we prepared a tandem Pt/Rh/SnOx, in which a Rh adlayer was deposited on a Pt substrate (Rh coverage: 0.28), followed by depositing several layers of SnOx only on the Rh surface (Sn coverage: 0.07). For reference, Sn was randomly deposited on the Rh-modified Pt (Pt/Rh) electrode whose Rh and Sn coverages were 0.22 and 0.36 (random Pt/Rh/SnOx). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that Pt and Rh were metallic, and Sn was largely oxidized. Both Pt/Rh/SnOx electrodes were less positive in onset potential of EOR current density and higher in EOR current density than Pt and Rh/Pt electrodes. In situ infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that the tandem Pt/Rh/SnOx electrode did not produce acetic acid, but produced CO2 in contrast to the random Pt/Rh/SnOx, suggesting that a tandem arrangement of Pt, Rh and SnOx, in which the Pt and SnOx sites were separated by the Rh sites, was effective for selective CO2 production. In the electrostatic electrolysis at 0.5 V vs. RHE, the tandem Pt/Rh/SnOx electrode exhibited higher EOR current density than the Pt and Pt/Rh electrodes after 1.5 h.
Collapse
|