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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cui Q, Feng Y, Xuan J. Composition of Lignocellulose Hydrolysate in Different Biorefinery Strategies: Nutrients and Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:2275. [PMID: 38792135 PMCID: PMC11123716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysis and biotransformation of lignocellulose, i.e., biorefinery, can provide human beings with biofuels, bio-based chemicals, and materials, and is an important technology to solve the fossil energy crisis and promote global sustainable development. Biorefinery involves steps such as pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation, and researchers have developed a variety of biorefinery strategies to optimize the process and reduce process costs in recent years. Lignocellulosic hydrolysates are platforms that connect the saccharification process and downstream fermentation. The hydrolysate composition is closely related to biomass raw materials, the pretreatment process, and the choice of biorefining strategies, and provides not only nutrients but also possible inhibitors for downstream fermentation. In this review, we summarized the effects of each stage of lignocellulosic biorefinery on nutrients and possible inhibitors, analyzed the huge differences in nutrient retention and inhibitor generation among various biorefinery strategies, and emphasized that all steps in lignocellulose biorefinery need to be considered comprehensively to achieve maximum nutrient retention and optimal control of inhibitors at low cost, to provide a reference for the development of biomass energy and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yuedong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinsong Xuan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
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Lazaro-Romero A, Contreras-Ramos S, Dehonor-Gómez M, Rojas-García J, Amaya-Delgado L. Optimizing cellulose fraction for enhanced utility: Comparative pre-treatment of Agave tequilana Weber var. blue bagasse fiber for sustainable applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29149. [PMID: 38638968 PMCID: PMC11024549 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, natural fibers have emerged as an alternative to synthetic fibers due to their renewable nature, lower environmental impact, and comparable strength properties. Agave bagasse, a byproduct of agave juice extraction in Mexico, stands out for its potential in various industrial applications, notably biocomposite production. Bagasse is rich in cellulose, along with hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is the most suitable to be converted into valuable products, and it is versatile, renewable, and biodegradable. An effective pre-treatment is crucial to enrich its fraction. This study aims to determine the optimal pre-treatment conditions for the agave bagasse. Three different pre-treatments were tested, acid (H2SO4), enzymatic (Cellic® HTec2 enzymatic preparation), and sequence of acid-enzymatic (sulfuric acid and Cellic® HTec2), to determine which pre-treatment got the optimal cellulose fraction increase. The acid pre-treatment was conducted over three time ranges (5, 10, and 15 min) at different acid concentrations (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). Enzymatic reactions were conducted over 24 h, testing three different enzyme concentrations (1.5%, 3%, 4.5%). The sequential pre-treatment utilized the optimal conditions derived from the acid experiments (1.5% H2SO4 for 10 min), followed by enzymatic reactions carried out over three different durations (6, 12, and 24 h). The findings revealed that a 1.5% acid concentration applied for 10 min was the most efficient pre-treatment method. This pre-treatment resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in the cellulose fraction while reducing hemicellulose content by 30%. The hemicellulose reduction was confirmed through Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations highlighting physical alterations in the fiber structure. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated improved thermal stability, suggesting potential use in biocomposites. Future research should evaluate the environmental impact of optimized pre-treatment methods for agave bagasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lazaro-Romero
- Unidad de Tecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas #800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - S.M. Contreras-Ramos
- Unidad de Tecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas #800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M. Dehonor-Gómez
- Centro de Tecnología Avanzada A.C. (CIATEQ), Circuito de la Industria Poniente Lote 11, Manzana 3, No. 11, Col. Parque Industrial Exhacienda Doña Rosa, Lerma, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J.M. Rojas-García
- Centro de Tecnología Avanzada A.C. (CIATEQ), Circuito de la Industria Poniente Lote 11, Manzana 3, No. 11, Col. Parque Industrial Exhacienda Doña Rosa, Lerma, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L. Amaya-Delgado
- Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, CIATEJ, Camino Arenero 1227, Col. El Bajío, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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Wongleang S, Premjet D, Premjet S. Physicochemical Pretreatment of Vietnamosasa pusilla for Bioethanol and Xylitol Production. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3990. [PMID: 37836039 PMCID: PMC10575274 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fossil fuels has resulted in severe environmental consequences, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Therefore, transitioning to alternative energy sources, such as cellulosic ethanol, is a promising strategy for reducing environmental impacts and promoting sustainable low-carbon energy. Vietnamosasa pusilla, an invasive weed, has been recognized as a high potential feedstock for sugar-based biorefineries due to its high total carbohydrate content, including glucan (48.1 ± 0.3%) and xylan (19.2 ± 0.4%). This study aimed to examine the impact of NaOH pretreatment-assisted autoclaving on V. pusilla feedstock. The V. pusilla enzymatic hydrolysate was used as a substrate for bioethanol and xylitol synthesis. After treating the feedstock with varying concentrations of NaOH at different temperatures, the glucose and xylose recovery yields were substantially higher than those of the untreated material. The hydrolysate generated by enzymatic hydrolysis was fermented into bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339. The liquid byproduct of ethanol production was utilized by Candida tropicalis TISTR 5171 to generate xylitol. The results of this study indicate that the six- and five-carbon sugars of V. pusilla biomass have great potential for the production of two value-added products (bioethanol and xylitol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwanan Wongleang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Duangporn Premjet
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Siripong Premjet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
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Sustainable curdlan biosynthesis by Rahnella variigena ICRI91 via alkaline hydrolysis of Musa sapientum peels and its edible, active and modified hydrogel for Quercetin controlled release. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:416-429. [PMID: 36375664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high demand for curdlan (Curd), its industrial implementation has not reached a mature stage due to the high cost of simple sugar feed stocks. Herein, Musa sapientum peels hydrolysate (MPH) was proposed for the first time as a sustainable medium for Curd generation and as an ameliorated functional biomaterial for quercetin (Quer) sustained release. In this study, banana peels have been hydrolysed by 3 % NaOH catalyst/ 60 °C, yielding high concentration of glucose 20.5 ± 0.04 and 24.3 ± 0.11 g/L and reducing sugar amount, respectively. Meanwhile, a novel local Rahnella variigena ICRI91 strain was isolated from soil, that was useful for Curd production and identified by 16S rRNA analysis. Furthermore, three-batch fermentation models were carried out using MPH for obtaining a sufficient yield of Curd. R. variigena ICRI91 accumulated a satisfactory Curd concentration; 10.3 ± 0.25 g/L; using 60 g/L MPH. On the other hand, the strain produced an impressive Curd yield; 21.5 ± 0.13 g/L with an attained productivity of 0.179 ± 0.01 g/L/h and a sugar consumption of 68 ± 0.25 % as the MPH content increased to 100 g/L. For the first time, Curd hydrogel was modified by different amount of Xylitol (Xyl), reaching good mechanical performance; 3.1 MPa and 75 % for tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB), respectively. Curd/Xyl (3/5) hydrogel was then integrated with nanometer-sized quercetin nanocrystals (Quer NCs, 83 ± 0.12 nm) with high colloidal stability of -23 ± 0.05 mV. The interconnected H- bonding between Xyl and Curd was confirmed by FTIR and SEM. The generated biomaterial was tailored to exhibit a sustained Quer release over 72 h. It also has improved antibacterial efficacy against four bacterial pathogens compared to that of a free drug. In recognition of these merits, an edible polymeric nanomaterial has been proposed for the functional food and biomedicine sectors.
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Su Y, Zhang S, Li H, Zhao B, Tian K, Zou Z. Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate/Diethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Grafted onto Folate-Esterified Bagasse Xylan/Andrographolide Composite Nanoderivative: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185970. [PMID: 36144706 PMCID: PMC9505221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a biocompatible biomaterial, bagasse xylan (BX) has been widely used in the biomedical field. The low biological activity of andrographolide (AD) restricts its development, so AD with certain anticancer activity is introduced. We use chemical modification methods such as grafting and esterification to improve the biological activity and make a novel anticancer nanomaterial. On the basis of the esterification of a mixture of BX and AD with folic acid (FA), a novel anticancer nanoderivative of bagasse xylan/andrographolide folate-g-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)/diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) nanoparticles (FA-BX/AD-g-DMAEMA/DEGDMA NPs) was synthesized by introducing DMAEMA and DEGDMA monomers through a graft copolymerization and nanoprecipitation method. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, the initiator concentration and the mass ratio of FA-BX/AD to mixed monomers on the grafting rate (GR) were investigated. The structure of the obtained product was characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD and DTG. Further, molecular docking and MTT assays were performed to understand the possible docking sites with the target proteins and the anticancer activity of the product. The results showed that the GR of the obtained product was 79% under the conditions of the initiator concentration 55 mmol/L, m (FA-BX/AD):m (mixed monomer) = 1:2, reaction temperature 50 °C and reaction time 5 h. The inhibition rate of FA-BX/AD-g-DMAEMA/DEGDMA NPs on human lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) can reach 39.77 ± 5.62%, which is about 7.6 times higher than that of BX. Therefore, this material may have potential applications in the development of anticancer drug or carriers and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-773-8996098
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Kexin Tian
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhiming Zou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Ojewumi ME, Emetere ME, Obanla OR, Babatunde DE, Adimekwe EG. Bio-Conversion of Waste Paper Into Fermentable Sugars—A Review. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.926400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution generated by solid waste has become a massive source of concern worldwide as the amount of waste being generated has become overwhelming. Waste paper contributes significantly to the overall solid municipal waste being generated daily and with control methods that are equally bad for the environment or just plain ineffective; better, effective, and environmentally friendly control solutions are required. This study reviews the use of various microorganisms as they aid in the control of waste papers in an environmentally conscious way. In addition to being an environmentally friendly solution to the issue of solid waste paper pollution, it is also a prominent source of renewable energy in the conversion of paper into fermentable sugars for the production of bio-ethanol. This review examines the vital revolution in the enzymatic hydrolysis of paper to sugar. Salient challenges that involve bioconversion were highlighted and a few solutions were suggested.
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Low Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) Energy Crops to Bioenergy and Biofuels—A Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Energy crops are dedicated cultures directed for biofuels, electricity, and heat production. Due to their tolerance to contaminated lands, they can alleviate and remediate land pollution by the disposal of toxic elements and polymetallic agents. Moreover, these crops are suitable to be exploited in marginal soils (e.g., saline), and, therefore, the risk of land-use conflicts due to competition for food, feed, and fuel is reduced, contributing positively to economic growth, and bringing additional revenue to landowners. Therefore, further study and investment in R&D is required to link energy crops to the implementation of biorefineries. The main objective of this study is to present a review of the potential of selected energy crops for bioenergy and biofuels production, when cultivated in marginal/degraded/contaminated (MDC) soils (not competing with agriculture), contributing to avoiding Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) burdens. The selected energy crops are Cynara cardunculus, Arundo donax, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus tuberosus, Linum usitatissimum, Miscanthus × giganteus, Sorghum bicolor, Panicum virgatum, Acacia dealbata, Pinus pinaster, Paulownia tomentosa, Populus alba, Populus nigra, Salix viminalis, and microalgae cultures. This article is useful for researchers or entrepreneurs who want to know what kind of crops can produce which biofuels in MDC soils.
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Puițel AC, Suditu GD, Danu M, Ailiesei GL, Nechita MT. An Experimental Study on the Hot Alkali Extraction of Xylan-Based Hemicelluloses from Wheat Straw and Corn Stalks and Optimization Methods. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091662. [PMID: 35566831 PMCID: PMC9102963 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe an experimental study on the hot alkali extraction of hemicelluloses from wheat straw and corn stalks, two of the most common lignocellulosic biomass constituents in Romania. The chemical compositions of the raw materials were determined analytically, and the relevant chemical components were cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and ash. Using the response surface methodology, the optimum values of the hot alkaline extraction parameters, i.e., time, temperature, and NaOH concentration, were identified and experimentally validated. The physicochemical characterization of the isolated hemicelluloses was performed using HPLC, FTIR, TG, DTG, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The main hemicellulose components identified experimentally were xylan, arabinan, and glucan. The study emphasizes that both corn stalks and wheat straw are suitable as raw materials for hemicellulose extraction, highlighting the advantages of alkaline pretreatments and showing that optimization methods can further improve the process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Cătălin Puițel
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (A.C.P.); (G.D.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Gabriel Dan Suditu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (A.C.P.); (G.D.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Maricel Danu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (A.C.P.); (G.D.S.); (M.D.)
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania;
| | - Gabriela-Liliana Ailiesei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania;
| | - Mircea Teodor Nechita
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (A.C.P.); (G.D.S.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Management of Dark Fermentation Broth via Bio Refining and Photo Fermentation. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14196268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose and starch-based raw materials are often applied in the investigations regarding biohydrogen generation using dark fermentation. Management of the arising post-fermentation broth becomes a problem. The Authors proposed sequential processes, to improve the efficiency of both hydrogen generation and by-products management carried under model conditions. During the proposed procedure, the simple sugars remaining in broth are converted into organic acids, and when these products are used as substrates for the photo fermentation process. To enhance the broth management also conditions promoting Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) precursors synthesis are simultaneously applied. Application of Box-Behnken design allows defining of the optimal conditions for conversion to DESs precursors. During the procedure hydrogen was obtained, the concentration of hydrogen in the photo fermentation reached up to 819 mL H2/L medium/7 d, depending on the broth type, i.e., when the broth was optimized for formic acid concentration. The DESs precursors were separated and engaged in DESs synthesis. To confirm the formation of the DESs, FT-IR analyses were performed. The Chemical Oxygen Demand of post-fermentation broths after dark fermentation optimized for formic acid was reduced by ca. 82%. The proposed procedure can be successfully used as a method of post-fermentation broth management.
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Guo R, Zheng X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Ma Y, Zou D, Liu Y. Optimization of Cellulase Immobilization with Sodium Alginate-Polyethylene for Enhancement of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose Using Response Surface Methodology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2043-2060. [PMID: 33544365 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel method of immobilizing cellulase on sodium alginate (SA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) enabled the cellulase to be used repeatedly. The matrix of the immobilized cellulase was detected and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In comparison with SA-immobilized cellulase, the relative enzyme activity and immobilization rate increased by 25% and 18%, respectively. The application range of the immobilized enzyme in terms of temperature and pH was larger than that of the free enzyme, and its thermal stability increased. The immobilized enzyme was used in enzymatic hydrolysis, in which MCC was used as the substrate. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were as follows: the dosage of SA-PEG-immobilized cellulase was 3.55 g/g total solids of the substrate, the concentration of the substrate was 13.16%, and the pH was 5.11. In comparison with the yield of reducing sugars in the first round of hydrolysis of MCC by SA-immobilized cellulase, the yield in the hydrolysis of MCC by SA-PEG-immobilized cellulase increased by 133%. After five cycles of repeated use, the total yield of reducing sugars when MCC was hydrolyzed by SA-PEG-immobilized cellulase was similar to that achieved with free cellulase. In comparison with the free enzyme, the highest yield when the immobilized enzyme was used was 22.68%. Therefore, the immobilized cellulase exhibited high performance in enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yifang Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dexun Zou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Improved Glucose Recovery from Sicyos angulatus by NaOH Pretreatment and Application to Bioethanol Production. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As greenhouse gases and environmental pollution become serious, the demand for alternative energy such as bioethanol has rapidly increased, and a large supply of biomass is required for bioenergy production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant on the planet and a large part of it, the second-generation biomass, has the advantage of not being a food resource. In this study, Sicyos angulatus, known as an invasive plant (harmful) species, was used as a raw material for bioethanol production. In order to improve enzymatic hydrolysis, S. angulatus was pretreated with different NaOH concentration at 121 °C for 10 min. The optimal NaOH concentration for the pretreatment was determined to be 2% (w/w), and the glucan content (GC) and enzymatic digestibility (ED) were 46.7% and 55.3%, respectively. Through NaOH pretreatment, the GC and ED of S. angulatus were improved by 2.4-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to the control (untreated S. angulatus). The hydrolysates from S. angulatus were applied to a medium for bioethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35. Finally, the maximum ethanol production was found to be 41.3 g based on 1000 g S. angulatus, which was 2.4-fold improved than the control group.
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12
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Tian M, Wang ZY, Fu JY, Li HW, Zhang J, Zhang XF, Luo W, Lv PM. Crude glycerol impurities improve Rhizomucor miehei lipase production by Pichia pastoris. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:860-870. [PMID: 33439089 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1870135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, was employed as the carbon source to produce lipase using Pichia pastoris. Under identical fermentation conditions, cell growth and lipase activity were improved using crude glycerol instead of pure glycerol. The impacts of crude glycerol impurities (methyl ester, grease, glycerol, methanol, and metal ions Na+, Ca2+, and Fe3+) on lipase production were investigated. Impurities accelerated P. pastoris entering the stationary phase. Na+, Ca2+, and grease in waste crude glycerol were the main factors influencing higher lipase activity. Through response surface optimization of Ca2+, Na+, and grease concentrations, lipase activity reached 1437 U/mL (15,977 U/mg), which was 2.5 times that of the control. This study highlights the economical and highly efficient valorization of crude glycerol, demonstrating its possible utilization as a carbon source to produce lipase by P. pastoris without pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Feng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Mei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Breeding Targets to Improve Biomass Quality in Miscanthus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020254. [PMID: 33419100 PMCID: PMC7825460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic crops are attractive bioresources for energy and chemicals production within a sustainable, carbon circular society. Miscanthus is one of the perennial grasses that exhibits great potential as a dedicated feedstock for conversion to biobased products in integrated biorefineries. The current biorefinery strategies are primarily focused on polysaccharide valorization and require severe pretreatments to overcome the lignin barrier. The need for such pretreatments represents an economic burden and impacts the overall sustainability of the biorefinery. Hence, increasing its efficiency has been a topic of great interest. Inversely, though pretreatment will remain an essential step, there is room to reduce its severity by optimizing the biomass composition rendering it more exploitable. Extensive studies have examined the miscanthus cell wall structures in great detail, and pinpointed those components that affect biomass digestibility under various pretreatments. Although lignin content has been identified as the most important factor limiting cell wall deconstruction, the effect of polysaccharides and interaction between the different constituents play an important role as well. The natural variation that is available within different miscanthus species and increased understanding of biosynthetic cell wall pathways have specified the potential to create novel accessions with improved digestibility through breeding or genetic modification. This review discusses the contribution of the main cell wall components on biomass degradation in relation to hydrothermal, dilute acid and alkaline pretreatments. Furthermore, traits worth advancing through breeding will be discussed in light of past, present and future breeding efforts.
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Makoś P, Słupek E, Gębicki J. Extractive detoxification of feedstocks for the production of biofuels using new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents – Experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Lignocellulosic Biomass Mild Alkaline Fractionation and Resulting Extract Purification Processes: Conditions, Yields, and Purities. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fractionation of lignocellulose is a fundamental step in the valorization of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin to produce various sustainable fuels, materials and chemicals. Strong alkaline fractionation is one of the most applied processes since the paper industry has been using it for more than a century, and the mineral acid fractionation process is currently the most applied for the production of cellulosic ethanol. However, in the last decade, mild alkaline fractionation has been becoming increasingly widespread in the frame of cellulosic ethanol biorefineries. It leads to the solubilization of hemicelluloses and lignin at various extent depending on the conditions of the extraction, whereas the cellulose remains insoluble. Some studies showed that the cellulose saccharification and fermentation into ethanol gave higher yields than the mineral acid fractionation process. Besides, contrary to the acid fractionation process, the mild alkaline fractionation process does not hydrolyze the sugar polymers, which can be of interest for different applications. Lignocellulosic mild alkaline extracts contain hemicelluloses, lignin oligomers, phenolic monomers, acetic acid, and inorganic salts. In order to optimize the economic efficiency of the biorefineries using a mild alkaline fractionation process, the purification of the alkaline extract to valorize its different components is of major importance. This review details the conditions used for the mild alkaline fractionation process and the purification techniques that have been carried out on the obtained hydrolysates, with a focus on the yields and purities of the different compounds.
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16
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Chemical and Enzymatic Treatment of Hemp Biomass for Bioethanol Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study chemical and enzymatic treatment of hemp biomass were optimized to obtain maximum ethanol production. In the first stage, physical and chemical pretreatment of hemp biomass was carried out. It was found that the Tygra variety is susceptible to alkaline treatment at an optimum concentration of 2% NaOH. Next, the effect of NaOH on the value of reducing sugars and the chemical composition of the solid fraction before and after the treatment was determined. Hemp biomass before and after the chemical treatment was analysed by FTIR spectra and SEM. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis, i.e., substrate content, temperature, time, pH and dose of enzyme by means of Response Surface Methodology on glucose content was determined. The highest glucose value was observed at 50 °C, in time process between 48 and 72 h, and the dose of enzyme was not less than 20 FPU·g−1. After the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis two processes of ethanol fermentation from hemp biomass, SHF and SSF, were carried out. In the SHF process a 40% higher concentration of ethanol was obtained (10.51 g/L). In conclusion, hemp biomass was found to be an interesting and promising source to be used for bioethanol production.
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Mesophilic and thermophilic dark fermentation course analysis using sensor matrices and chromatographic techniques. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-01010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Wang Q, Wang W, Tan X, Chen X, Guo Y, Yu Q, Yuan Z, Zhuang X. Low-temperature sodium hydroxide pretreatment for ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse without washing process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121844. [PMID: 31400704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A low-temperature sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment for sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was obtained via the surface response design in this study. However, a large quantity of water consumption and wastewater generation which have been the common problems for alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulose still exists in this pretreatment. In order to reduce water consumption and wastewater generation, this study attempted to perform enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of NaOH-treated SCB without washing process. It showed that after pretreatment and solid-liquid separation, NaOH-treated SCB could be directly hydrolysed by cellulase via pH and solid-liquid adjustment without washing steps, and the maximum enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency could reach to 70.2%. A domesticated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y2034 which can endure 6-times diluted BL was obtained, and realized 67.5% ethanol yield from the enzymatic hydrolysate of unwashed NaOH-treated SCB. It provided a clue for converting NaOH-treated lignocellulose to ethanol at low water consumption and wastewater generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xuesong Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xinshu Zhuang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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Kucharska K, Słupek E, Cieśliński H, Kamiński M. Advantageous conditions of saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels generation via fermentation processes. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Processing of lignocellulosic biomass includes four major unit operations: pre-treatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and product purification prior to biofuel generation via anaerobic digestion. The microorganisms involved in the fermentation metabolize only simple molecules, i.e., monosugars which can be obtained by carrying out the degradation of complex polymers, the main component of lignocellulosic biomass. The object of this paper was to evaluate the saccharification conditions and identify the process parameters that should be applied to improve the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass, defined as the simple sugars concentration, which was considered as a crucial parameter for hydrogen generation via dark fermentation. Drawing global conclusions about the occurring changes in the biomass requires learning about the nature of the biomass structure and composition at different stages of the process. Therefore, techniques for analysis, as FTIR, HPLC and SEM were applied. The experiment was planned employing Box–Behnken design. The advantageous operating conditions and the composition of saccharification enzymatic cocktail were identified and their values occurred similar in the applied border conditions for all tested biomass types. Analysis of the intermediate solid and liquid streams generated during the pre-treatment procedure revealed several structural and compositional changes in the biomass.
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Abstract
Fermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation with the application of lignocellulosic biomass requires a multistep pre-treatment procedure, due to the complexed structure of the raw material. Hence, the comparison of the hydrogen productivity potential of different lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) in relation to the lignocellulosic biomass composition is often considered as an interesting field of research. In this study, several types of biomass, representing woods, cereals and grass were processed by means of mechanical pre-treatment and alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysates were used in fermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation process with Enterobacter aerogenes (model organism). The differences in the hydrogen productivity regarding different materials hydrolysates were analyzed using chemometric methods with respect to a wide dataset collected throughout this study. Hydrogen formation, as expected, was positively correlated with glucose concentration and total reducing sugars amount (YTRS) in enzymatic hydrolysates of LCMs, and negatively correlated with concentrations of enzymatic inhibitors i.e., HMF, furfural and total phenolic compounds in alkaline-hydrolysates LCMs, respectively. Interestingly, high hydrogen productivity was positively correlated with lignin content in raw LCMs and smaller mass loss of LCM after pre-treatment step. Besides results of chemometric analysis, the presented data analysis seems to confirm that the structure and chemical composition of lignin and hemicellulose present in the lignocellulosic material is more important to design the process of its bioconversion than the proportion between the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content in this material. For analyzed LCMs we found remarkable higher potential of hydrogen production via bioconversion process of woods i.e., beech (24.01 mL H2/g biomass), energetic poplar (23.41 mL H2/g biomass) or energetic willow (25.44 mL H2/g biomass) than for cereals i.e., triticale (17.82 mL H2/g biomass) and corn (14.37 mL H2/g biomass) or for meadow grass (7.22 mL H2/g biomass).
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21
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Insight into Pretreatment Methods of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Increase Biogas Yield: Current State, Challenges, and Opportunities. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9183721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is recalcitrant due to its heterogeneous structure, which is one of the major limitations for its use as a feedstock for methane production. Although different pretreatment methods are being used, intermediaries formed are known to show adverse effect on microorganisms involved in methane formation. This review, apart from highlighting the efficiency and limitations of the different pretreatment methods from engineering, chemical, and biochemical point of views, will discuss the strategies to increase the carbon recovery in the form of methane by way of amending pretreatments to lower inhibitory effects on microbial groups and by optimizing process conditions.
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Zhou X, Wang M, Fang S, Liu X, Liu P. Effect of Alkaline Black Liquor Recycling on Alkali Combined with Ozone Pretreatment of Corn Stalk. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152836. [PMID: 31387205 PMCID: PMC6696168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early stage, the best conditions for alkali-bound ozone pretreatment were studied. But after treatment, the alkaline black liquor was directly discarded due to the large amount of organic matter, resulting in environmental pollution and waste of resources. In this paper, the alkaline black liquor was recycled under the optimal pretreatment conditions. The results showed that the number of alkaline black liquor cycles had little effect on hemicellulose content, and had a great influence on cellulose content and lignin content. Through structural characterization of corn stover, it was found that the pretreatment caused structural changes of lignin in straw. However, when the alkaline black liquor was recycled for the fourth time, the ether bond in the side chain of lignin and the covalent bond between the components were not sufficiently destroyed, and the damage to the phenolic hydroxyl group was also weakened. It was indicated that when the alkaline black liquor was recycled for the fourth time, the destruction effect of the alkaline black liquor on the straw was significantly inhibited. Therefore, the optimal circulation time of alkaline black liquor was three times, and the cellulolytic conversion rate was 81.53%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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23
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Fuzzy-Enhanced Modeling of Lignocellulosic Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass incorporates many physico-chemical phenomena, in a heterogeneous and complex media. In order to make the modeling task feasible, many simplifications must be assumed. Hence, different simplified models, such as Michaelis-Menten and Langmuir-based ones, have been used to describe batch processes. However, these simple models have difficulties in predicting fed-batch operations with different feeding policies. To overcome this problem and avoid an increase in the complexity of the model by incorporating other phenomenological terms, a Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy approach has been proposed, which manages a consortium of different simple models for this process. Pretreated sugar cane bagasse was used as biomass in this case study. The fuzzy rule combines two Michaelis-Menten-based models, each responsible for describing the reaction path for a distinct range of solids concentrations in the reactor. The fuzzy model improved fitting and increased prediction in a validation data set.
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Kucharska K, Łukajtis R, Słupek E, Cieśliński H, Rybarczyk P, Kamiński M. Hydrogen Production from Energy Poplar Preceded by MEA Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113029. [PMID: 30463326 PMCID: PMC6278490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass prior to dark fermentation results primarily from the composition of lignocellulose because lignin hinders the processing of hard wood towards useful products. Hence, in this work a two-step approach for the pre-treatment of energy poplar, including alkaline pre-treatment and enzymatic saccharification followed by fermentation has been studied. Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used as the alkaline catalyst and diatomite immobilized bed enzymes were used during saccharification. The response surface methodology (RSM) method was used to determine the optimal alkaline pre-treatment conditions resulting in the highest values of both total released sugars (TRS) yield and degree of lignin removal. Three variable parameters (temperature, MEA concentration, time) were selected to optimize the alkaline pre-treatment conditions. The research was carried out using the Box-Behnken design. Additionally, the possibility of the re-use of both alkaline as well as enzymatic reagents was investigated. Obtained hydrolysates were subjected to dark fermentation in batch reactors performed by Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 with a final result of 22.99 mL H₂/g energy poplar (0.6 mol H₂/mol TRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kucharska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Rafał Łukajtis
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Edyta Słupek
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Hubert Cieśliński
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rybarczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marian Kamiński
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Kucharska K, Rybarczyk P, Hołowacz I, Łukajtis R, Glinka M, Kamiński M. Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes. Molecules 2018; 23:E2937. [PMID: 30423814 PMCID: PMC6278514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource that potentially contains large amounts of energy. It is an interesting alternative for fossil fuels, allowing the production of biofuels and other organic compounds. In this paper, a review devoted to the processing of lignocellulosic materials as substrates for fermentation processes is presented. The review focuses on physical, chemical, physicochemical, enzymatic, and microbiologic methods of biomass pretreatment. In addition to the evaluation of the mentioned methods, the aim of the paper is to understand the possibilities of the biomass pretreatment and their influence on the efficiency of biofuels and organic compounds production. The effects of different pretreatment methods on the lignocellulosic biomass structure are described along with a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of each method, including the potential generation of inhibitory compounds for enzymatic hydrolysis, the effect on cellulose digestibility, the generation of compounds that are toxic for the environment, and energy and economic demand. The results of the investigations imply that only the stepwise pretreatment procedure may ensure effective fermentation of the lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreatment step is still a challenge for obtaining cost-effective and competitive technology for large-scale conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars with low inhibitory concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kucharska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rybarczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Iwona Hołowacz
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Rafał Łukajtis
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marta Glinka
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marian Kamiński
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Fang S, Wang W, Tong S, Zhang C, Liu P. Evaluation of the Effects of Isolated Lignin on Cellulose Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover Pretreatment by NaOH Combined with Ozone. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061495. [PMID: 29925811 PMCID: PMC6099953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, corn stover was treated with optimal combined pretreatment conditions: 2% NaOH at 80 °C treated 2 h combined with initial pH 9 at the ozone concentration of 78 mg/mL treated 25 min. The effect of lignin removal rate on the enzymatic hydrolysis degree of cellulose during the treatment process was studied. At the same time, the lignin in the optimal pretreated corn stover was separated and extracted by enzymatic acidolysis, and its structure and connection were characterized. The results showed that the alkali combined with ozone pretreatment improved the enzymatic hydrolysis degree of the cellulose while exfoliating and degrading the macromolecular lignin into small molecules. The stable crosslink structure of the lignin-cellulose-hemicellulose was destroyed, and the lignocellulosic structure changed in favor of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Fang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shisheng Tong
- Bio-Pharmaceutical College, Beijing City University, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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