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Mühling L, Baur T, Molitor B. Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus and Alternative Methanogens: Archaea-Based Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39363002 DOI: 10.1007/10_2024_270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea convert bacterial fermentation intermediates from the decomposition of organic material into methane. This process has relevance in the global carbon cycle and finds application in anthropogenic processes, such as wastewater treatment and anaerobic digestion. Furthermore, methanogenic archaea that utilize hydrogen and carbon dioxide as substrates are being employed as biocatalysts for the biomethanation step of power-to-gas technology. This technology converts hydrogen from water electrolysis and carbon dioxide into renewable natural gas (i.e., methane). The application of methanogenic archaea in bioproduction beyond methane has been demonstrated in only a few instances and is limited to mesophilic species for which genetic engineering tools are available. In this chapter, we discuss recent developments for those existing genetically tractable systems and the inclusion of novel genetic tools for thermophilic methanogenic species. We then give an overview of recombinant bioproduction with mesophilic methanogenic archaea and thermophilic non-methanogenic microbes. This is the basis for discussing putative products with thermophilic methanogenic archaea, specifically the species Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus. We give estimates of potential conversion efficiencies for those putative products based on a genome-scale metabolic model for M. thermautotrophicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mühling
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Baur
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Molitor
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Khesali Aghtaei H, Heyer R, Reichl U, Benndorf D. Improved biological methanation using tubular foam-bed reactor. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:66. [PMID: 38750538 PMCID: PMC11097517 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Power-to-gas is the pivotal link between electricity and gas infrastructure, enabling the broader integration of renewable energy. Yet, enhancements are necessary for its full potential. In the biomethanation process, transferring H2 into the liquid phase is a rate-limiting step. To address this, we developed a novel tubular foam-bed reactor (TFBR) and investigated its performance at laboratory scale. RESULTS A non-ionic polymeric surfactant (Pluronic® F-68) at 1.5% w/v was added to the TFBR's culture medium to generate a stabilized liquid foam structure. This increased both the gas-liquid surface area and the bubble retention time. Within the tubing, cells predominantly traveled evenly suspended in the liquid phase or were entrapped in the thin liquid film of bubbles flowing inside the tube. Phase (I) of the experiment focused primarily on mesophilic (40 °C) operation of the tubular reactor, followed by phase (II), when Pluronic® F-68 was added. In phase (II), the TFBR exhibited 6.5-fold increase in biomethane production rate (MPR) to 15.1 ( L CH 4 /L R /d) , with a CH4 concentration exceeding 90% (grid quality), suggesting improved H2 transfer. Transitioning to phase (III) with continuous operation at 55 °C, the MPR reached 29.7L CH 4 /L R /d while maintaining the grid quality CH4. Despite, reduced gas-liquid solubility and gas-liquid mass transfer at higher temperatures, the twofold increase in MPR compared to phase (II) might be attributed to other factors, i.e., higher metabolic activity of the methanogenic archaea. To assess process robustness for phase (II) conditions, a partial H2 feeding regime (12 h 100% and 12 h 10% of the nominal feeding rate) was implemented. Results demonstrated a resilient MPR of approximately 14.8L CH 4 /L R /d even with intermittent, low H2 concentration. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the TFBR's performance plant sets the course for an accelerated introduction of biomethanation technology for the storage of volatile renewable energy. Robust process performance, even under H2 starvation, underscores its reliability. Further steps towards an optimum operation regime and scale-up should be initiated. Additionally, the use of TFBR systems should be considered for biotechnological processes in which gas-liquid mass transfer is a limiting factor for achieving higher reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Khesali Aghtaei
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Heyer
- Database and Software Engineering Group, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Technology (TechFak) Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Multidimensional Omics Analyses group, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Benndorf
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Straße 55, 1458, 06366, Köthen, Germany.
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Feickert Fenske C, Strübing D, Koch K. Biological methanation in trickle bed reactors - a critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129383. [PMID: 37355141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Biological methanation of H2 and CO2 in trickle bed reactors is a promising energy conversion and storage approach that can support the energy transition towards a renewable-based system. Research in trickle bed reactor design and operation has significantly increased in recent years, but most studies were performed at laboratory scale and conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the trickle bed reactor concept and current developments to support the decision-making process for future projects. In particular, the key design and operational parameters, such as trickling or nutrient provision, are presented, introducing the most recent advances. Furthermore, reactor operation, including the inoculation, long-term and dynamic operation, is described. To better assess the reactor upscaling, several parameters that enable reactor comparison are discussed. On the basis of this review, suitable operational strategies and further research needs were identified that will improve the overall trickle bed reactor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Feickert Fenske
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dietmar Strübing
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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Fuchs W, Rachbauer L, Rittmann SKMR, Bochmann G, Ribitsch D, Steger F. Eight Up-Coming Biotech Tools to Combat Climate Crisis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1514. [PMID: 37375016 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotechnology has a high potential to substantially contribute to a low-carbon society. Several green processes are already well established, utilizing the unique capacity of living cells or their instruments. Beyond that, the authors believe that there are new biotechnological procedures in the pipeline which have the momentum to add to this ongoing change in our economy. Eight promising biotechnology tools were selected by the authors as potentially impactful game changers: (i) the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, (ii) carbonic anhydrase, (iii) cutinase, (iv) methanogens, (v) electro-microbiology, (vi) hydrogenase, (vii) cellulosome and, (viii) nitrogenase. Some of them are fairly new and are explored predominantly in science labs. Others have been around for decades, however, with new scientific groundwork that may rigorously expand their roles. In the current paper, the authors summarize the latest state of research on these eight selected tools and the status of their practical implementation. We bring forward our arguments on why we consider these processes real game changers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fuchs
- Department IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Lydia Rachbauer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Deconstruction Division at the Joint Bioenergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Simon K-M R Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Günther Bochmann
- Department IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Doris Ribitsch
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franziska Steger
- Department IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Feickert Fenske C, Kirzeder F, Strübing D, Koch K. Biogas upgrading in a pilot-scale trickle bed reactor - Long-term biological methanation under real application conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128868. [PMID: 36907226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The biological methanation of H2 and CO2 in trickle bed reactors is one promising energy conversion technology for energy storage, but experiences at pilot-scale under real application conditions are still rare. Therefore, a trickle bed reactor with a reaction volume of 0.8 m3 was constructed and installed in a wastewater treatment plant to upgrade raw biogas from the local digester. The biogas H2S concentration of about200 ppm was reduced by half, but an artificial sulfur source was required to completely satisfy the sulfur demand of the methanogens. Increasing the ammonium concentration to > 400 mg/L was the most successful pH control strategy, enabling stable long-term biogas upgrading at a CH4 production of 6.1 m3/(m3RV·d) with synthetic natural gas quality (CH4 > 98%). The results of this study with a reactor operation period of nearly 450 days, including two shutdowns, represents an important step towards the necessary full-scale integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Feickert Fenske
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Kirzeder
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dietmar Strübing
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Olivier A, Desgagnés A, Mercier E, Iliuta MC. New Insights on Catalytic Valorization of Carbon Dioxide by Conventional and Intensified Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Olivier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alex Desgagnés
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Etienne Mercier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maria C. Iliuta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, G1 V 0A6, Canada
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Feickert Fenske C, Md Y, Strübing D, Koch K. Preliminary gas flow experiments identify improved gas flow conditions in a pilot-scale trickle bed reactor for H 2 and CO 2 biological methanation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128648. [PMID: 36681350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological methanation of H2 and CO2 is a potential energy conversion technology that can support the energy transition based on renewable sources. The methanation performance in trickle bed reactors can be improved by approaching the gas flow through the reactor towards plug flow. Through preliminary gas flow experiments without biological conversion, this study investigated operational and constructional conditions that enhance plug flow in a pilot-scale trickle bed reactor with 1 m3 gas volume. An improved gas flow was observed when the feed gas was applied in a top-to-bottom direction and when the process liquid was not trickled through the packing bed. Furthermore, the gas flow experiments identified reactor-specific properties, such as unused or dead volumes. Applying gas flow experiments prior to reactor start-up is recommended as a simple and convenient method to identify individual reactor properties and optimization potentials for higher methanation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Feickert Fenske
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yasin Md
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dietmar Strübing
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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8
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Varling AS, Christensen TH, Bisinella V. Life cycle assessment of alternative biogas utilisations, including carbon capture and storage or utilisation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 157:168-179. [PMID: 36549176 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biogas from anaerobic digestion is an important renewable energy source. Combining its utilisation with carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) may improve climate change performance. This study uses life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of 17 biogas management technology configurations (TCs). The technologies include biogas combustion, upgrading to natural gas quality, CCS, direct utilisation of CO2 and methanation. The focus is mainly on energy balances and climate change impacts, and the results are subjected to sensitivity-, uncertainty-, and energy system analysis. The TCs with CCS and CCU provide the largest climate change savings (-1400 to - 2100 kg CO2-eq/1000 Nm3 biogas). Specifically, the methanation TCs provide the highest savings, but they also depend strongly on the energy sources. When combustion and upgrading TCs are amended with CCS, the resulting climate change savings are robust across the energy systems. The biogas upgrading TCs exhibit substantial climate change savings, mainly due to the natural gas substitution. Combustion TCs without CCS have the lowest climate change savings and the highest quantified uncertainties. The biogas upgrading TCs with storage or direct utilisation of CO2 provide a good compromise between climate change savings and energy recovery. In the remaining impact categories, the CCU TCs generally perform best, followed by the upgrading TCs and finally, the combustion TCs. The CCS TCs consistently perform worse than their counterparts without CCS, opposite to the climate change results. Overall, amending biogas utilisation with CCS or CCU can contribute to climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Varling
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2880 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas H Christensen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2880 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valentina Bisinella
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2880 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Khesali Aghtaei H, Püttker S, Maus I, Heyer R, Huang L, Sczyrba A, Reichl U, Benndorf D. Adaptation of a microbial community to demand-oriented biological methanation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:125. [PMID: 36384582 PMCID: PMC9670408 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological conversion of the surplus of renewable electricity and carbon dioxide (CO2) from biogas plants to biomethane (CH4) could support energy storage and strengthen the power grid. Biological methanation (BM) is linked closely to the activity of biogas-producing Bacteria and methanogenic Archaea. During reactor operations, the microbiome is often subject to various changes, e.g., substrate limitation or pH-shifts, whereby the microorganisms are challenged to adapt to the new conditions. In this study, various process parameters including pH value, CH4 production rate, conversion yields and final gas composition were monitored for a hydrogenotrophic-adapted microbial community cultivated in a laboratory-scale BM reactor. To investigate the robustness of the BM process regarding power oscillations, the biogas microbiome was exposed to five hydrogen (H2)-feeding regimes lasting several days. RESULTS Applying various "on-off" H2-feeding regimes, the CH4 production rate recovered quickly, demonstrating a significant resilience of the microbial community. Analyses of the taxonomic composition of the microbiome revealed a high abundance of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Thermotogota followed by hydrogenotrophic Archaea of the phylum Methanobacteriota. Homo-acetogenic and heterotrophic fermenting Bacteria formed a complex food web with methanogens. The abundance of the methanogenic Archaea roughly doubled during discontinuous H2-feeding, which was related mainly to an increase in acetoclastic Methanothrix species. Results also suggested that Bacteria feeding on methanogens could reduce overall CH4 production. On the other hand, using inactive biomass as a substrate could support the growth of methanogenic Archaea. During the BM process, the additional production of H2 by fermenting Bacteria seemed to support the maintenance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens at non-H2-feeding phases. Besides the elusive role of Methanothrix during the H2-feeding phases, acetate consumption and pH maintenance at the non-feeding phase can be assigned to this species. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the high adaptive potential of microbial communities contributes to the robustness of BM processes during discontinuous H2-feeding and supports the commercial use of BM processes for energy storage. Discontinuous feeding strategies could be used to enrich methanogenic Archaea during the establishment of a microbial community for BM. Both findings could contribute to design and improve BM processes from lab to pilot scale.
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Grants
- 031A532B, 031A533A, 031A533B, 031A534A, 031A535A, 031A537A, 031A537B, 031A537C, 031A537D, 031A538A, 031L0103 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- 031A532B, 031A533A, 031A533B, 031A534A, 031A535A, 031A537A, 031A537B, 031A537C, 031A537D, 031A538A, 031L0103 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- 031A532B, 031A533A, 031A533B, 031A534A, 031A535A, 031A537A, 031A537B, 031A537C, 031A537D, 031A538A, 031L0103 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- 031A532B, 031A533A, 031A533B, 031A534A, 031A535A, 031A537A, 031A537B, 031A537C, 031A537D, 031A538A, 031L0103 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- 031A532B, 031A533A, 031A533B, 031A534A, 031A535A, 031A537A, 031A537B, 031A537C, 031A537D, 031A538A, 031L0103 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- European Regional Development Fund
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems (MPI Magdeburg) (2)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Khesali Aghtaei
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Püttker
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Irena Maus
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Heyer
- Database and Software Engineering Group, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Technology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Multidimensional Omics Analyses group, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Liren Huang
- Faculty of Technology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Sczyrba
- Faculty of Technology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Benndorf
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Straße 55, Postfach 1458, 06366, Köthen, Germany.
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Paniagua S, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Syngas biomethanation: Current state and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127436. [PMID: 35680093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In regions highly dependent on fossil fuels imports, biomethane represents a promising biofuel for the transition to a bio-based circular economy. While biomethane is typically produced via anaerobic digestion and upgrading, biomethanation of the synthesis gas (syngas) derived from the gasification of recalcitrant solid waste has emerged as a promising alternative. This work presents a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art and most recent advances in the field, compiling the potential of this technology along with the bottlenecks requiring further research. The key design and operational parameters governing syngas production and biomethanation (e.g. organic feedstock, gasifier design, microbiology, bioreactor configuration, etc.) are critically analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Paniagua
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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Recent Advances on CO2 Mitigation Technologies: On the Role of Hydrogenation Route via Green H2. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing trend in global energy demand has led to an extensive use of fossil fuels and subsequently in a marked increase in atmospheric CO2 content, which is the main culprit for the greenhouse effect. In order to successfully reverse this trend, many schemes for CO2 mitigation have been proposed, taking into consideration that large-scale decarbonization is still infeasible. At the same time, the projected increase in the share of variable renewables in the future energy mix will necessitate large-scale curtailment of excess energy. Collectively, the above crucial problems can be addressed by the general scheme of CO2 hydrogenation. This refers to the conversion of both captured CO2 and green H2 produced by RES-powered water electrolysis for the production of added-value chemicals and fuels, which are a great alternative to CO2 sequestration and the use of green H2 as a standalone fuel. Indeed, direct utilization of both CO2 and H2 via CO2 hydrogenation offers, on the one hand, the advantage of CO2 valorization instead of its permanent storage, and the direct transformation of otherwise curtailed excess electricity to stable and reliable carriers such as methane and methanol on the other, thereby bypassing the inherent complexities associated with the transformation towards a H2-based economy. In light of the above, herein an overview of the two main CO2 abatement schemes, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU), is firstly presented, focusing on the route of CO2 hydrogenation by green electrolytic hydrogen. Next, the integration of large-scale RES-based H2 production with CO2 capture units on-site industrial point sources for the production of added-value chemicals and energy carriers is contextualized and highlighted. In this regard, a specific reference is made to the so-called Power-to-X schemes, exemplified by the production of synthetic natural gas via the Power-to-Gas route. Lastly, several outlooks towards the future of CO2 hydrogenation are presented.
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Potential for Biomethanisation of CO2 from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes in the United Kingdom. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The United Kingdom (UK) has a decarbonisation strategy that includes energy from both hydrogen and biomethane. The latter comes from the growing anaerobic digestion (AD) market, which in 2020 produced 23.3 TWh of energy in the form of biogas. According to the strategy, this must be upgraded to biomethane by removal of carbon dioxide (CO2): a goal that could also be fulfilled through CO2 biomethanisation, alleviating the need for carbon capture and storage. Results are presented from a survey of publicly available datasets coupled with modelling to identify potential scale and knowledge gaps. Literature data were used to estimate maximum biomethane concentrations by feedstock type: these ranged from 79% for food wastes to 93% for livestock manures. Data from various government sources were used to estimate the overall potential for CO2 biomethanisation with current AD infrastructure. Values for the uplift in biomethane production ranged from 57% to 61%, but the need for more consistent data collection methodologies was highlighted. On average, however, if CO2 biomethanisation was applied in all currently operating UK AD plants an energy production uplift of 12,954 GWh could be achieved based on 2020 figures. This is sufficient to justify the inclusion of CO2 biomethanisation in decarbonisation strategies, in the UK and worldwide.
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Abstract
This review study attempts to summarize available energy storage systems in order to accelerate the adoption of renewable energy. Inefficient energy storage systems have been shown to function as a deterrent to the implementation of sustainable development. It is therefore critical to conduct a thorough examination of existing and soon-to-be-developed energy storage technologies. Various scholarly publications in the fields of energy storage systems and renewable energy have been reviewed and summarized. Data and themes have been further highlighted with the use of appropriate figures and tables. Case studies and examples of major projects have also been researched to gain a better understanding of the energy storage technologies evaluated. An insightful analysis of present energy storage technologies and other possible innovations have been discovered with the use of suitable literature review and illustrations. This report also emphasizes the critical necessity for an efficient storage system if renewable energy is to be widely adopted.
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14
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Gendron A, Allen KD. Overview of Diverse Methyl/Alkyl-Coenzyme M Reductases and Considerations for Their Potential Heterologous Expression. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:867342. [PMID: 35547147 PMCID: PMC9081873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.867342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) is an archaeal enzyme that catalyzes the final step of methanogenesis and the first step in the anaerobic oxidation of methane, the energy metabolisms of methanogens and anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME), respectively. Variants of MCR, known as alkyl-coenzyme M reductases, are involved in the anaerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes including ethane, propane, and butane as well as the catabolism of long-chain alkanes from oil reservoirs. MCR is a dimer of heterotrimers (encoded by mcrABG) and requires the nickel-containing tetrapyrrole prosthetic group known as coenzyme F430. MCR houses a series of unusual post-translational modifications within its active site whose identities vary depending on the organism and whose functions remain unclear. Methanogenic MCRs are encoded in a highly conserved mcrBDCGA gene cluster, which encodes two accessory proteins, McrD and McrC, that are believed to be involved in the assembly and activation of MCR, respectively. The requirement of a unique and complex coenzyme, various unusual post-translational modifications, and many remaining questions surrounding assembly and activation of MCR largely limit in vitro experiments to native enzymes with recombinant methods only recently appearing. Production of MCRs in a heterologous host is an important step toward developing optimized biocatalytic systems for methane production as well as for bioconversion of methane and other alkanes into value-added compounds. This review will first summarize MCR catalysis and structure, followed by a discussion of advances and challenges related to the production of diverse MCRs in a heterologous host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kylie D. Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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15
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Energy Cell Simulation for Sector Coupling with Power-to-Methane: A Case Study in Lower Bavaria. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the possibility of sector coupling with biological Power-to-Methane to support and stabilize the energy transition of the three major sectors of electricity, heat, and gas was addressed. For this purpose, the energy cell simulation methodology and the Calliope tool were utilized for energy system optimization. This combination provides detailed insights into the existing dependencies of consumers and fossil and renewable energy suppliers on a local scale. In this context, Power-to-Methane represents an efficient technology for quickly and effectively exploiting unused electricity potential for various sectors and consumers. It was found that, even in regions with low wind levels, this surplus electricity potential already exists and depends on various influencing factors in very different ways. The solar influence on these potentials was considered in connection with gas-fired cogeneration plants for district heating. It was found that the current heat demand for district heating produces a large amount of electricity and can generate surplus electricity in the winter. However, in the summer, large amounts of usable waste heat are dissipated into the environment, owing to the low consumption of district heat. This problem in the heat sector could be reduced by the expansion of photovoltaics, but this would require further expansion of storage or conversion systems in the electricity sector. This demonstrates that the consideration of several sectors is necessary to reflect the complexity of the sector coupling with Power-to-Methane properly.
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Markthaler S, Plankenbühler T, Miederer J, Kolb S, Herkendell K, Karl J. Combined Two-Model CFD Simulation of Trickle Bed Reactors with Head-Sump Extension: Case Study on Hydrodynamics and Biological Methanation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Markthaler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Plankenbühler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Miederer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kolb
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Herkendell
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Karl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
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Multidisciplinary Assessment of a Novel Carbon Capture and Utilization Concept including Underground Sun Conversion. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15031021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The current work investigates the feasibility of a novel Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) approach—also known as Underground Sun Conversion (USC) or geo-methanation. The overall objective of the current work is a comprehensive assessment on the technical, economic and legal aspects as well as greenhouse gas impacts to be concerned for establishing USC technology concept. This is achieved by applying multidisciplinary research approach combining process simulation, techno-economic and greenhouse gas assessment as well as legal analysis allows answering questions about technical, economic feasibility and greenhouse gas performance as well as on legal constraints related to large scale CCU using geo-methanation in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. CO2 from the industry and renewable H2 from the electrolyser are converted to geomethane in an underground gas storage and used in industry again to close the carbon cycle. Process simulation results showed the conversion rates vary due to operation mode and gas cleaning is necessary in any case to achieve natural gas grid compliant feed in quality. The geomethane production costs are found to be similar or even lower than the costs for synthetic methane from Above Ground Methanation (AGM). The GHG-assessment shows a significant saving compared to fossil natural gas and conventional power-to-gas applications. From a legal perspective the major challenge arises from a regulative gap of CCU in the ETS regime. Accordingly, a far-reaching exemption from the obligation to surrender certificates would be fraught with many legal and technical problems and uncertainties.
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Fink C, Angenent LT, Molitor B. An Interdomain Conjugation Protocol for Plasmid-DNA Transfer into Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2522:119-133. [PMID: 36125746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2445-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea of the order Methanobacteriales are widespread in anaerobic environments and play pivotal roles in microbial communities. The family of Methanobacteriaceae encompasses mesophilic and thermophilic hydrogenotrophic species. Mesophilic species are found in various natural and anthropogenic environments (e.g., are associated with the microbiome in animals and humans). Thermophilic species can be found in thermally active bogs and warm sulfuric springs, but also in anthropogenic environments, such as wastewater treatment plants and anaerobic digesters. Recently, genetic tools for Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH, as the first representative of this order of methanogenic archaea, were successfully implemented. This protocol describes the methods for interdomain conjugational DNA transfer from Escherichia coli to M. thermautotrophicus ΔH with shuttle-vector plasmid DNA, which allows the genetic manipulation of this microbe, and provides a basis for the development of further genetic methods for this and potentially other representatives of Methanobacteriales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fink
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Largus T Angenent
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- AG Angenent, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Molitor
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence-Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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A Shuttle-Vector System Allows Heterologous Gene Expression in the Thermophilic Methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH. mBio 2021; 12:e0276621. [PMID: 34809461 PMCID: PMC8609365 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02766-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic Methanothermobacter spp. are used as model microbes to study the physiology and biochemistry of the conversion of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane (i.e., hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis). Yet, a genetic system for these model microbes was missing despite intensive work for four decades. Here, we report the successful implementation of genetic tools for Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH. We developed shuttle vectors that replicated in Escherichia coli and M. thermautotrophicus ΔH. For M. thermautotrophicus ΔH, a thermostable neomycin resistance cassette served as the selectable marker for positive selection with neomycin, and the cryptic plasmid pME2001 from Methanothermobacter marburgensis served as the replicon. The shuttle-vector DNA was transferred from E. coli into M. thermautotrophicus ΔH via interdomain conjugation. After the successful validation of DNA transfer and positive selection in M. thermautotrophicus ΔH, we demonstrated heterologous gene expression of a thermostable β-galactosidase-encoding gene (bgaB) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus under the expression control of four distinct synthetic and native promoters. In quantitative in-vitro enzyme activity assay, we found significantly different β-galactosidase activity with these distinct promoters. With a formate dehydrogenase operon-encoding shuttle vector, we allowed growth of M. thermautotrophicus ΔH on formate as the sole growth substrate, while this was not possible for the empty-vector control.
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Ayol A, Peixoto L, Keskin T, Abubackar HN. Reactor Designs and Configurations for Biological and Bioelectrochemical C1 Gas Conversion: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111683. [PMID: 34770196 PMCID: PMC8583215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial C1 gas conversion technologies have developed into a potentially promising technology for converting waste gases (CO2, CO) into chemicals, fuels, and other materials. However, the mass transfer constraint of these poorly soluble substrates to microorganisms is an important challenge to maximize the efficiencies of the processes. These technologies have attracted significant scientific interest in recent years, and many reactor designs have been explored. Syngas fermentation and hydrogenotrophic methanation use molecular hydrogen as an electron donor. Furthermore, the sequestration of CO2 and the generation of valuable chemicals through the application of a biocathode in bioelectrochemical cells have been evaluated for their great potential to contribute to sustainability. Through a process termed microbial chain elongation, the product portfolio from C1 gas conversion may be expanded further by carefully driving microorganisms to perform acetogenesis, solventogenesis, and reverse β-oxidation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various kinds of bioreactors that are employed in these microbial C1 conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azize Ayol
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, Turkey;
| | - Luciana Peixoto
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Tugba Keskin
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir 35140, Turkey;
| | - Haris Nalakath Abubackar
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, BIOENGIN Group, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence:
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21
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Power-to-Gas and Power-to-X—The History and Results of Developing a New Storage Concept. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14206594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Germany’s energy transition, known as ‘Energiewende’, was always very progressive. However, it came technically to a halt at the question of large-scale, seasonal energy storage for wind and solar, which was not available. At the end of the 2000s, we combined our knowledge of both electrical and process engineering, imitated nature by copying photosynthesis and developed Power-to-Gas by combining water electrolysis with CO2-methanation to convert water and CO2 together with wind and solar power to synthetic natural gas. Storing green energy by coupling the electricity with the gas sector using its vast TWh-scale storage facility was the solution for the biggest energy problem of our time. This was the first concept that created the term ‘sector coupling’ or ‘sectoral integration’. We first implemented demo sites, presented our work in research, industry and ministries, and applied it in many macroeconomic studies. It was an initial idea that inspired others to rethink electricity as well as eFuels as an energy source and energy carrier. We developed the concept further to include Power-to-Liquid, Power-to-Chemicals and other ways to ‘convert’ electricity into molecules and climate-neutral feedstocks, and named it ‘Power-to-X’at the beginning of the 2010s.
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22
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Illi L, Lecker B, Lemmer A, Müller J, Oechsner H. Biological methanation of injected hydrogen in a two-stage anaerobic digestion process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125126. [PMID: 33906018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the field of biological hydrogen methanation, ideal process parameters are underexplored for continuous two-stage systems with anaerobic filters. The present study aims at filling this gap for continuous in-situ reactors while applying different hydrogen injection rates. The results of the study demonstrate an almost complete acid degradation on the output side of the anaerobic filter fed by hydrolysate from maize silage and silage effluent. Most of the oxidizable substances were transferred to methane, but hydrogen could not be completely converted. With fully stoichiometric hydrogen addition, a methane production rate of 0.88 ± 0.06 m3d-1 per m3 reactor volume was reached. With half stoichiometric hydrogen addition, a hydrogen conversion rate of 75.53 ± 3.77% was obtained. The present approach proved to be a promising contribution to power-to-gas technology, as a considerable amount of hydrogen had to be converted into methane while carbon dioxide was fixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Illi
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Lecker
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Hervy M, Maistrello J, Brito L, Rizand M, Basset E, Kara Y, Maheut M. Power-to-gas: CO2 methanation in a catalytic fluidized bed reactor at demonstration scale, experimental results and simulation. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Thema M, Weidlich T, Kaul A, Böllmann A, Huber H, Bellack A, Karl J, Sterner M. Optimized biological CO 2-methanation with a pure culture of thermophilic methanogenic archaea in a trickle-bed reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125135. [PMID: 33892429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fully automated process converting hydrogen and carbon dioxide to methane in a high temperature trickle-bed reactor was developed from lab scale to field test level. The reactor design and system performance was optimized to yield high methane content in the product gas for direct feed-in to the gas grid. The reaction was catalyzed by a pure culture of Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus IM5, which formed a biofilm on ceramic packing elements. During 600 h in continuous and semi-continuous operation in countercurrent flow, the 0.05 m3 reactor produced up to95.3 % of methane at a methane production rate of 0.35 [Formula: see text] . Adding nitrogen as carrier gas during startup, foam control and dosing of ammonium and sodium sulfide as nitrogen and sulfur source were important factors for process automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thema
- Research Center on Energy Transmission and Energy Storage, OTH Regensburg, Seybothstrasse 2, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Weidlich
- Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fuerther Strasse 244f, 90429 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Anja Kaul
- Research Center on Energy Transmission and Energy Storage, OTH Regensburg, Seybothstrasse 2, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Böllmann
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Huber
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annett Bellack
- Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Karl
- Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fuerther Strasse 244f, 90429 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sterner
- Research Center on Energy Transmission and Energy Storage, OTH Regensburg, Seybothstrasse 2, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Xu S, Qiao Z, Luo L, Sun Y, Wong JWC, Geng X, Ni J. On-site CO 2 bio-sequestration in anaerobic digestion: Current status and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125037. [PMID: 33840612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The advantages of anaerobic digestion (AD) technology in organic solid waste treatment for bioenergy recovery are evidenced in worldwide. Recently, more attention has been paid to on-site biogas research, as well as biogenic CO2 sequestration from AD plant, to promote "carbon neutral". Single-phase and two-phase AD system can be incorporated with various CO2 bioconversion technologies through H2 mediated CO2 bioconversion (in-situ and ex-situ biogas upgrading), or other emerging strategies for CO2 fixation without exogenous H2 injection; these include in-situ direct interspecies electron transfer reinforcement, electromethanogenesis, and off-gas reutilization. The existing and potential scenarios for on-site CO2 bio-sequestration within the AD framework are reviewed from the perspectives of metabolic pathways, functional microorganisms, the limitations on reaction kinetics. This review concluded that on-site CO2 bio-sequestration is a promising solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase renewable energy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zihao Qiao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Liwen Luo
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yongqi Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jonathan Woon-Chung Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Xueyu Geng
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Ni
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Renewable Power‐to‐Gas: A Technical and Economic Evaluation of Three Demo Sites Within the STORE&GO Project. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Status Update on Bioelectrochemical Systems: Prospects for Carbon Electrode Design and Scale-Up. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) employ enzymes, subcellular structures or whole electroactive microorganisms as biocatalysts for energy conversion purposes, such as the electrosynthesis of value-added chemicals and power generation in biofuel cells. From a bioelectrode engineering viewpoint, customizable nanostructured carbonaceous matrices have recently received considerable scientific attention as promising electrode supports due to their unique properties attractive to bioelectronics devices. This review demonstrates the latest advances in the application of nano- and micro-structured carbon electrode assemblies in BES. Specifically, in view of the gradual increase in the commercial applicability of these systems, we aim to address the stability and scalability of different BES designs and to highlight their potential roles in a circular bioeconomy.
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Pratofiorito G, Hackbarth M, Mandel C, Madlanga S, West S, Horn H, Hille-Reichel A. A membrane biofilm reactor for hydrogenotrophic methanation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124444. [PMID: 33285505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomethanation of CO2 has been proven to be a feasible way to produce methane with the employment of H2 as electron source. Subject of the present study is a custom-made membrane biofilm reactor for hydrogenotrophic methanation by archaeal biofilms cultivated on membrane surfaces. Reactor layout was adapted to allow for in situ biofilm analysis via optical coherence tomography. At a feeding ratio of H2/CO2 of 3.6, and despite the low membrane surface to reactor volume ratio of 57.9 m2 m-3, the maximum methane production per reactor volume reached up to 1.17 Nm3 m-3 d-1 at a methane content of the produced gas above 97% (v/v). These results demonstrate that the concept of membrane bound biofilms enables improved mass transfer by delivering substrate gases directly to the biofilm, thus, rendering the bottleneck of low solubility of hydrogen in water less drastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Pratofiorito
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Max Hackbarth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Centre at Engler-Bunte-Institut of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Water Chemistry, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Carmen Mandel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Siyavuya Madlanga
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Centre at Engler-Bunte-Institut of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Water Chemistry, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stephanie West
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Centre at Engler-Bunte-Institut of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Water Chemistry, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Andrea Hille-Reichel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Renewable Hydrogen Production Processes for the Off-Gas Valorization in Integrated Steelworks through Hydrogen Intensified Methane and Methanol Syntheses. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Within integrated steelmaking industries significant research efforts are devoted to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of CO2 emissions. Integrated steelworks consume a considerable quantity of raw materials and produce a high amount of by-products, such as off-gases, currently used for the internal production of heat, steam or electricity. These off-gases can be further valorized as feedstock for methane and methanol syntheses, but their hydrogen content is often inadequate to reach high conversions in synthesis processes. The addition of hydrogen is fundamental and a suitable hydrogen production process must be selected to obtain advantages in process economy and sustainability. This paper presents a comparative analysis of different hydrogen production processes from renewable energy, namely polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, solid oxide electrolyze cell electrolysis, and biomass gasification. Aspen Plus® V11-based models were developed, and simulations were conducted for sensitivity analyses to acquire useful information related to the process behavior. Advantages and disadvantages for each considered process were highlighted. In addition, the integration of the analyzed hydrogen production methods with methane and methanol syntheses is analyzed through further Aspen Plus®-based simulations. The pros and cons of the different hydrogen production options coupled with methane and methanol syntheses included in steelmaking industries are analyzed.
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Seasonal Energy Storage Potential Assessment of WWTPs with Power-to-Methane Technology. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Power-to-methane technology (P2M) deployment at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for seasonal energy storage might land on the agenda of decision-makers across EU countries, since large WWTPs produce a notable volume of biogas that could be injected into the natural gas grid with remarkable storage capacities. Because of the recent rapid increase of local photovoltaics (PV), it is essential to explore the role of WWTPs in energy storage and the conditions under which this potential can be realized. This study integrates a techno-economic assessment of P2M technology with commercial/investment attractiveness of seasonal energy storage at large WWTPs. Findings show that a standardized 1 MWel P2M technology would fit with most potential sites. This is in line with the current technology readiness level of P2M, but increasing electricity prices and limited financial resources of WWTPs would decrease the commercial attractiveness of P2M technology deployment. Based on a Hungarian case study, public funding, biomethane feed-in tariff and minimized or compensated surplus electricity sourcing costs are essential to realize the energy storage potential at WWTPs.
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Buaki-Sogó M, Zubizarreta L, García-Pellicer M, Quijano-López A. Sustainable Carbon as Efficient Support for Metal-Based Nanocatalyst: Applications in Energy Harvesting and Storage. Molecules 2020; 25:E3123. [PMID: 32650543 PMCID: PMC7397297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable activated carbon can be obtained from the pyrolysis/activation of biomass wastes coming from different origins. Carbon obtained in this way shows interesting properties, such as high surface area, electrical conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and porosity. These characteristics among others, such as a tailored pore size distribution and the possibility of functionalization, lead to an increased use of activated carbons in catalysis. The use of activated carbons from biomass origins is a step forward in the development of more sustainable processes enhancing material recycling and reuse in the frame of a circular economy. In this article, a perspective of different heterogeneous catalysts based on sustainable activated carbon from biomass origins will be analyzed focusing on their properties and catalytic performance for determined energy-related applications. In this way, the article aims to give the reader a scope of the potential of these tailor-made sustainable materials as a support in heterogeneous catalysis and future developments needed to improve catalyst performance. The selected applications are those related with H2 energy and the production of biomethane for energy through CO2 methanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Buaki-Sogó
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Energia (ITE), Av. Juan de la Cierva 24, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Leire Zubizarreta
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Energia (ITE), Av. Juan de la Cierva 24, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Marta García-Pellicer
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Energia (ITE), Av. Juan de la Cierva 24, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Quijano-López
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n Edificio 6C, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Xu J, Bu F, Zhu W, Luo G, Xie L. Microbial Consortiums of Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenic Mixed Cultures in Lab-Scale Ex-Situ Biogas Upgrading Systems under Different Conditions of Temperature, pH and CO. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050772. [PMID: 32455626 PMCID: PMC7285331 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, hydrogenotrophic methanogenic mixed cultures taken from 13 lab-scale ex-situ biogas upgrading systems under different temperature (20–70 °C), pH (6.0–8.5), and CO (0–10%, v/v) variables were systematically investigated. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the microbial consortia, and statistical analyses were conducted to reveal the microbial diversity, the core functional microbes, and their correlative relationships with tested variables. Overall, bacterial community was more complex than the archaea community in all mixed cultures. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens Methanothermobacter, Methanobacterium, and Methanomassiliicoccus, and putative syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacterium Coprothermobacter and Caldanaerobacter were found to predominate, but the core functional microbes varied under different conditions. Multivariable sensitivity analysis indicated that temperature (p < 0.01) was the crucial variable to determine the microbial consortium structures in hydrogenotrophic methanogenic mixed cultures. pH (0.01 < p < 0.05) significantly interfered with the relative abundance of dominant archaea. Although CO did not affect community (p > 0.1), some potential CO-utilizing syntrophic metabolisms might be enhanced. Understanding of microbial consortia in the hydrogenotrophic methanogenic mixed cultures related to environmental variables was a great advance to reveal the microbial ecology in microbial biogas upgrading process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- The Yangtze River Water Environment Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.X.); (F.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Fan Bu
- The Yangtze River Water Environment Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.X.); (F.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenzhe Zhu
- The Yangtze River Water Environment Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.X.); (F.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Li Xie
- The Yangtze River Water Environment Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.X.); (F.B.); (W.Z.)
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence:
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Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innovative renewable routes are potentially able to sustain the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. Green synthetic fuels, including hydrogen and natural gas, are considered viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed, they play a fundamental role in those sectors that are difficult to electrify (e.g., road mobility or high-heat industrial processes), are capable of mitigating problems related to flexibility and instantaneous balance of the electric grid, are suitable for large-size and long-term storage and can be transported through the gas network. This article is an overview of the overall supply chain, including production, transport, storage and end uses. Available fuel conversion technologies use renewable energy for the catalytic conversion of non-fossil feedstocks into hydrogen and syngas. We will show how relevant technologies involve thermochemical, electrochemical and photochemical processes. The syngas quality can be improved by catalytic CO and CO2 methanation reactions for the generation of synthetic natural gas. Finally, the produced gaseous fuels could follow several pathways for transport and lead to different final uses. Therefore, storage alternatives and gas interchangeability requirements for the safe injection of green fuels in the natural gas network and fuel cells are outlined. Nevertheless, the effects of gas quality on combustion emissions and safety are considered.
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Strübing D, Moeller AB, Mößnang B, Lebuhn M, Drewes JE, Koch K. Load change capability of an anaerobic thermophilic trickle bed reactor for dynamic H 2/CO 2 biomethanation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121735. [PMID: 31300304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing shares of energy production originating from fluctuating renewable sources require measures that are able to balance power production for a stable electricity grid. H2/CO2 biomethanation is a suitable approach to convert fluctuating excess renewable energy into the storable substitute natural gas. This study investigated the rapid load change capability of an anaerobic thermophilic trickle bed reactor while maintaining a high methane content. The return to full load (62.1 m3H2/m3trickle bed/d) after a 30-min operational off-cycle was possible almost immediately, while 24-h interruptions required a 60-min stepwise load increase. To accelerate this delayed microbial conversion activity, non-steady state substrate gas conversion can be controlled via substrate and product gas flow rates, allowing to reactivate the entire microbial community and produce high quality product gas. Reactor design might be further improved to avoid short-circuiting and use the entire trickle bed gas phase as high quality gas buffer during initial load increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Strübing
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas B Moeller
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bettina Mößnang
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Central Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Lange Point 6, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Lebuhn
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Central Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Lange Point 6, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Konrad Koch
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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