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Monini V, Bonechi M, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Gentilesca P, Giurlani W, Innocenti M, Meoli A, Romano GM, Savastano M. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution catalysed by an atomically precise catalyst based on a Pd(II) complex supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Electrochemical and structural considerations. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2487-2500. [PMID: 38193252 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A new atomically precise, single-ion catalyst (MWCNT-LPd) for ORR (oxygen reduction reaction), consisting of a Pd(II) complex of a tetraazacycloalkane anchored on multiwalled carbon nanotubes, has been prepared through a supramolecular approach ensuring a uniform distribution of catalytic centres on the support surface. A tetraazacycloalkane was chosen to saturate the four coordination sites of the typical square planar coordination geometry of Pd(II) with the aim of ascertaining whether the metal ion must have free coordination sites to function effectively in the ORR or whether, as predicted by quantum mechanical calculations, the catalytic effect can be originated from an interaction of O2 in the fifth coordinative position. The results clearly demonstrated that tetracoordination of Pd(II) does not influence its catalytic capacity in the ORR. Electrodes based on this catalyst show ORR performance very close to that of commercial Pt electrodes, despite the low Pd(II) content (1.72% by weight) in the catalyst. The onset potential (Eon) value and the half-wave potential (E1/2) of the catalyst are, respectively, only 53 mV and 24 mV less positive than those observed for the Pt electrode and direct conversion of O2 to H2O reaches 85.0%, compared to 89% of the Pt electrode. Furthermore, a preliminary galvanostatic test (simulating a working fuel cell at a fixed potential) showed that the catalyst maintains its efficiency continuing to produce water throughout the process (the average number of electrons exchanged over time per O2 molecule remains close to 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Monini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Marco Bonechi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit of Florence, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Pietro Gentilesca
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Walter Giurlani
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit of Florence, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Arianna Meoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Giammarco Maria Romano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Matteo Savastano
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit of Florence, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
- Department of Human Sciences for the Promotion of Quality of Life, University San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Kawondera R, Bonechi M, Maccioni I, Giurlani W, Salzillo T, Venuti E, Mishra D, Fontanesi C, Innocenti M, Mehlana G, Mtangi W. Chiral "doped" MOFs: an electrochemical and theoretical integrated study. Front Chem 2023; 11:1215619. [PMID: 37614707 PMCID: PMC10442718 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1215619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports on the electrochemical behaviour of Fe and Zn based metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds, which are "doped" with chiral molecules, namely: cysteine and camphor sulfonic acid. Their electrochemical behaviour was thoroughly investigated via "solid-state" electrochemical measurements, exploiting an "ad hoc" tailored experimental set-up: a paste obtained by carefully mixing the MOF with graphite powder is deposited on a glassy carbon (GC) surface. The latter serves as the working electrode (WE) in cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and absorbance (UV-Vis) techniques are exploited for a further characterization of the MOFs' structural and electronic properties. The experimental results are then compared with DFT based quantum mechanical calculations. The electronic and structural properties of the MOFs synthesized in this study depend mainly on the type of metal center, and to a minor extent on the chemical nature of the dopant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufaro Kawondera
- Institute of Materials Science, Processing and Engineering Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Marco Bonechi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Irene Maccioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Walter Giurlani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Debabrata Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence, Italy
| | - Gift Mehlana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Wilbert Mtangi
- Institute of Materials Science, Processing and Engineering Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
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Vorobyova M, Biffoli F, Giurlani W, Martinuzzi SM, Linser M, Caneschi A, Innocenti M. PVD for Decorative Applications: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4919. [PMID: 37512195 PMCID: PMC10381906 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a widely utilized process in various industrial applications, serving as a protective and hard coating. However, its presence in fields like fashion has only recently emerged, as electroplating processes had previously dominated this reality. The future looks toward the replacement of the most hazardous and toxic electrochemical processes, especially those involving Cr(VI) and cyanide galvanic baths, which have been restricted by the European Union. Unfortunately, a complete substitution with PVD coatings is not feasible. Currently, the combination of both techniques is employed to achieve new aesthetic features, including a broader color range and diverse textures, rendering de facto PVD of primary interest for the decorative field and the fashion industry. This review aims to outline the guidelines for decorative industries regarding PVD processes and emphasize the recent advancements, quality control procedures, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Vorobyova
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Biffoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Walter Giurlani
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Mauro Martinuzzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Caneschi
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIEF), University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- CNR-ICOMM, Insititute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Plastic and Waste Tire Pyrolysis Focused on Hydrogen Production—A Review. HYDROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrogen3040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we compare hydrogen production from waste by pyrolysis and bioprocesses. In contrast, the pyrolysis feed was limited to plastic and tire waste unlikely to be utilized by biological decomposition methods. Recent risks of pyrolysis, such as pollutant emissions during the heat decomposition of polymers, and high energy demands were described and compared to thresholds of bioprocesses such as dark fermentation. Many pyrolysis reactors have been adapted for plastic pyrolysis after successful investigation experiences involving waste tires. Pyrolysis can transform these wastes into other petroleum products for reuse or for energy carriers, such as hydrogen. Plastic and tire pyrolysis is part of an alternative synthesis method for smart polymers, including semi-conductive polymers. Pyrolysis is less expensive than gasification and requires a lower energy demand, with lower emissions of hazardous pollutants. Short-time utilization of these wastes, without the emission of metals into the environment, can be solved using pyrolysis. Plastic wastes after pyrolysis produce up to 20 times more hydrogen than dark fermentation from 1 kg of waste. The research summarizes recent achievements in plastic and tire waste pyrolysis development.
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Muhyuddin M, Testa D, Lorenzi R, Vanacore GM, Poli F, Soavi F, Specchia S, Giurlani W, Innocenti M, Rosi L, Santoro C. Iron-based electrocatalysts derived from scrap tires for oxygen reduction reaction: Evolution of synthesis-structure-performance relationship in acidic, neutral and alkaline media. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Muhyuddin M, Mustarelli P, Santoro C. Recent Advances in Waste Plastic Transformation into Valuable Platinum-Group Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3785-3800. [PMID: 34288512 PMCID: PMC8519148 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste causes severe environmental hazards, owing to inadequate disposal and limited recycling. Under the framework of circular economy, there are urgent demands to valorize plastic waste more safely and sustainably. Therefore, much scientific interest has been witnessed recently in plastic waste-derived electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), where the plastic waste acts as a cost-effective and easily available precursor for the carbon backbone. The ORR is not only a key efficiency indicator for fuel cells and metal-air batteries but also a major obstacle for their commercial realization. The applicability of the aforementioned electrochemical devices is limited, owing to sluggish ORR activity and expensive platinum-group metal electrocatalysts. However, waste-derived ORR electrocatalysts are emerging as a potential substitute that could be inexpensively fabricated upon the conversion of plastic waste into active materials containing earth-abundant transition metals. In this Minireview, very recent research developments regarding plastic waste-derived ORR electrocatalysts are critically summarized with a prime focus on the followed synthesis routes, physicochemical properties of the derived electrocatalysts, and their ultimate electrochemical performance. Finally, the prospects for the future development of plastic waste-derived electrocatalysts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Muhyuddin
- Department of Material ScienceUniversity of Milano-BicoccaU5 Via Cozzi 5520125MilanItaly
| | - Piercarlo Mustarelli
- Department of Material ScienceUniversity of Milano-BicoccaU5 Via Cozzi 5520125MilanItaly
| | - Carlo Santoro
- Department of Material ScienceUniversity of Milano-BicoccaU5 Via Cozzi 5520125MilanItaly
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On the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanism Catalyzed by Pd Complexes on 2D Carbon. A Theoretical Study. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) is the bottle-neck strategic reaction ruling the fuel cell efficiency process. The slow kinetics of the reaction require highly effective electrocatalysts for proper boosting. In this field, composite catalysts formed by carbon nanotubes functionalized with palladium(II) complexes showed surprising catalytic activity comparable to those of a commercial Pt electrode, but the catalytic mechanisms of these materials still remain open to discussion. In this paper, we propose the combination of experimental and theoretical results to unfold the elementary reaction steps underlying the ORR catalysis.
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Savastano M, Passaponti M, Giurlani W, Lari L, Calisi N, Delgado-Pinar E, Serrano ES, Garcia-España E, Innocenti M, Lazarov VK, Bianchi A. Linear, tripodal, macrocyclic: Ligand geometry and ORR activity of supported Pd(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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