1
|
Alvi S, Ali R. Novel truxene-based dipyrromethanes (DPMs): synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and photophysical properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:2163-2170. [PMID: 39224227 PMCID: PMC11368050 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
For the first time, herein, we report the synthetic part of the truxene-centred mono-, di- and tri-substituted dipyromethanes (DPMs) in good yields (60-80%) along with their preliminary photophysical (absorption, emission and time resolved fluorescence lifetime) properties. The condensation reaction for assembling the required DPMs were catalyzed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at 0 °C to room temperature (rt), and the stable dipyrromethanes were purified through silica-gel column chromatography. After successfully synthesizing these easy-to-make yet interesting molecules, they were fully characterized by means of the standard spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS). We are of the opinion that these truxene-based systems will be useful for diverse applications in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Alvi
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Afre RA, Pugliese D. Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review of the Latest Advances in Materials, Fabrication Techniques, and Stability Enhancement Strategies. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:192. [PMID: 38398920 PMCID: PMC10890723 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are gaining popularity due to their high efficiency and low-cost fabrication. In recent decades, noticeable research efforts have been devoted to improving the stability of these cells under ambient conditions. Moreover, researchers are exploring new materials and fabrication techniques to enhance the performance of PSCs under various environmental conditions. The mechanical stability of flexible PSCs is another area of research that has gained significant attention. The latest research also focuses on developing tin-based PSCs that can overcome the challenges associated with lead-based perovskites. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in materials, fabrication techniques, and stability enhancement strategies for PSCs. It discusses the recent progress in perovskite crystal structure engineering, device construction, and fabrication procedures that has led to significant improvements in the photo conversion efficiency of these solar devices. The article also highlights the challenges associated with PSCs such as their poor stability under ambient conditions and discusses various strategies employed to enhance their stability. These strategies include the use of novel materials for charge transport layers and encapsulation techniques to protect PSCs from moisture and oxygen. Finally, this article provides a critical assessment of the current state of the art in PSC research and discusses future prospects for this technology. This review concludes that PSCs have great potential as a low-cost alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells but require further research to improve their stability under ambient conditions in view of their definitive commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh A. Afre
- Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology (CoEN), Faculty of Engineering, Assam down town University (AdtU), Guwahati 781026, Assam, India;
| | - Diego Pugliese
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tepliakova MM, Kuznetsov IE, Mikheeva AN, Sideltsev ME, Novikov AV, Furasova AD, Kapaev RR, Piryazev AA, Kapasharov AT, Pugacheva TA, Makarov SV, Stevenson KJ, Akkuratov AV. The Impact of Backbone Fluorination and Side-Chain Position in Thiophene-Benzothiadiazole-Based Hole-Transport Materials on the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13375. [PMID: 36362163 PMCID: PMC9654869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) currently reach high efficiencies, while their insufficient stability remains an obstacle to their technological commercialization. The introduction of hole-transport materials (HTMs) into the device structure is a key approach for enhancing the efficiency and stability of devices. However, currently, the influence of the HTM structure or properties on the characteristics and operational stability of PSCs remains insufficiently studied. Herein, we present four novel push-pull small molecules, H1-4, with alternating thiophene and benzothiadiazole or fluorine-loaded benzothiadiazole units, which contain branched and linear alkyl chains in the different positions of terminal thiophenes to evaluate the impact of HTM structure on PSC performance. It is demonstrated that minor changes in the structure of HTMs significantly influence their behavior in thin films. In particular, H3 organizes into highly ordered lamellar structures in thin films, which proves to be crucial in boosting the efficiency and stability of PSCs. The presented results shed light on the crucial role of the HTM structure and the morphology of films in the performance of PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina M. Tepliakova
- Center for Energy Science and Technology (CEST), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya E. Kuznetsov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Aleksandra N. Mikheeva
- Center for Energy Science and Technology (CEST), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim E. Sideltsev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Artyom V. Novikov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology (CEST), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra D. Furasova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman R. Kapaev
- Center for Energy Science and Technology (CEST), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Alexey A. Piryazev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Artur T. Kapasharov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Pugacheva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Keith J. Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Akkuratov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ke QB, Wu JR, Lin CC, Chang SH. Understanding the PEDOT:PSS, PTAA and P3CT-X Hole-Transport-Layer-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:823. [PMID: 35215736 PMCID: PMC8963032 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of metal-oxide-based regular perovskite solar cells have been higher than 25% for more than 2 years. Up to now, the PCEs of polymer-based inverted perovskite solar cells are widely lower than 23%. PEDOT:PSS thin films, modified PTAA thin films and P3CT thin films are widely used as the hole transport layer or hole modification layer of the highlyefficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Compared with regular perovskite solar cells, polymer-based inverted perovskite solar cells can be fabricated under relatively low temperatures. However, the intrinsic characteristics of carrier transportation in the two types of solar cells are different, which limits the photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite solar cells. Thanks to the low activation energies for the formation of high-quality perovskite crystalline thin films, it is possible to manipulate the optoelectronic properties by controlling the crystal orientation with the different polymer-modified ITO/glass substrates. To achieve the higher PCE, the effects of polymer-modified ITO/glass substrates on the optoelectronic properties and the formation of perovskite crystalline thin films have to be completely understood simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bin Ke
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (Q.B.K.); (J.-R.W.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Jia-Ren Wu
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (Q.B.K.); (J.-R.W.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chia-Chen Lin
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (Q.B.K.); (J.-R.W.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Sheng Hsiung Chang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (Q.B.K.); (J.-R.W.); (C.-C.L.)
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Efficient and Stable Perovskite Large Area Cells by Low-Cost Fluorene-Xantene-Based Hole Transporting Layer. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14196081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the new generation photovoltaics, perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology reached top efficiencies in a few years. Currently, the main objective to further develop PSCs is related to the fabrication of stable devices with cost-effective materials and reliable fabrication processes to achieve a possible industrialization pathway. In the n-i-p device configuration, the hole transporting material (HTM) used most is the highly doped organic spiro-fluorene-based material (Spiro-OMeTAD). In addition to the high cost related to its complex synthesis, this material has different issues such as poor photo, thermal and moisture stability. Here, we test on small and large area PSCs a commercially available HTM (X55, Dyenamo) with a new core made by low-cost fluorene–xantene units. The one-pot synthesis of this compound reduces 30 times its cost with respect to Spiro-OMeTAD. The optoelectronic performances and properties are characterized through JV measurement, IPCE (incident photon to current efficiency), steady-state photoluminescence and ISOS stability test. SEM (scanning electron microscope) images reveal a uniform and pinhole free coverage of the X55 HTM surface, which reduces the charge recombination losses and improves the device performance relative to Spiro-OMeTAD from 16% to 17%. The ISOS-D-1 stability test on large area cells without any encapsulation reports an efficiency drop of about 15% after 1000 h compared to 30% for the reference case.
Collapse
|
6
|
Desoky MMH, Bonomo M, Barbero N, Viscardi G, Barolo C, Quagliotto P. Polymeric Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Structures and Concepts towards Better Performances. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1652. [PMID: 34069612 PMCID: PMC8160825 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells are a hot topic of photovoltaic research, reaching, in few years, an impressive efficiency (25.5%), but their long-term stability still needs to be addressed for industrial production. One of the most sizeable reasons for instability is the doping of the Hole Transporting Material (HTM), being the salt commonly employed as a vector bringing moisture in contact with perovskite film and destroying it. With this respect, the research focused on new and stable "dopant-free" HTMs, which are inherently conductive, being able to effectively work without any addition of dopants. Notwithstanding, they show impressive efficiency and stability results. The dopant-free polymers, often made of alternated donor and acceptor cores, have properties, namely the filming ability, the molecular weight tunability, the stacking and packing peculiarities, and high hole mobility in absence of any dopant, that make them very attractive and a real innovation in the field. In this review, we tried our best to collect all the dopant-free polymeric HTMs known so far in the perovskite solar cells field, providing a brief historical introduction, followed by the classification and analysis of the polymeric structures, based on their building blocks, trying to find structure-activity relationships whenever possible. The research is still increasing and a very simple polymer (PFDT-2F-COOH) approaches PCE = 22% while some more complex ones overcome 22%, up to 22.41% (PPY2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. H. Desoky
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Nadia Barbero
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Guido Viscardi
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Torino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Quagliotto
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|