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González-Arias J, Torres-Sempere G, Arroyo-Torralvo F, Reina TR, Odriozola JA. Optimizing biogas methanation over nickel supported on ceria-alumina catalyst: Towards CO 2-rich biomass utilization for a negative emissions society. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117735. [PMID: 38000630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Biogas methanation emerges as a prominent technology for converting biogas into biomethane in a single step. Furthermore, this technology can be implemented at biogas plant locations, supporting local economies and reducing dependence on large energy producers. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on biogas methanation, particularly regarding the technical optimization of operational parameters and the profitability analysis of the overall process. To address this gap, our study represents a seminal work on the technical optimization of biogas methanation obtaining an empirical model to predict the performance of biogas methanation. We investigate the influence of operational parameters, such as reaction temperature, H2/CO2 ratio, space velocity, and CO2 share in the biogas stream through an experimental design. Based on previous research we selected a nickel supported on ceria-alumina catalyst; being nickel a benchmark system for methanation process such selection permits a reliable data extrapolation to commercial units. We showcase the remarkable impact of studied key operation parameters, being the temperature, the most critical factor affecting the reaction performance (ca. 2 to 5 times higher than the second most influencing parameter). The impact of the H2/CO2 ratio is also noticeable. The response surfaces and contour maps suggest that a temperature between 350 and 450 °C and an H2/CO2 ratio between 2.5 and 3.2 optimize the reaction performance. Further experimental tests were performed for model validation and optimization leading to a reliable predictive model. Overall, this study provides validated equations for technology scaling-up and techno-economic analysis, thus representing a step ahead towards real-world applications for bio-methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Arias
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.
| | - G Torres-Sempere
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - F Arroyo-Torralvo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Technical School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/ Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - T R Reina
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - J A Odriozola
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
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2
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Zhang F, Zhou J, Chen X, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Tang Y, Tian Z, Yang Q, Slavcheva E, Lin Y, Zhang Q. The Recent Progresses of Electrodes and Electrolysers for Seawater Electrolysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:239. [PMID: 38334510 PMCID: PMC10856650 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of renewable energy for hydrogen production presents a promising pathway towards achieving carbon neutrality in energy consumption. Water electrolysis, utilizing pure water, has proven to be a robust technology for clean hydrogen production. Recently, seawater electrolysis has emerged as an attractive alternative due to the limitations of deep-sea regions imposed by the transmission capacity of long-distance undersea cables. However, seawater electrolysis faces several challenges, including the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the competing chlorine evolution reaction (CER) processes, electrode degradation caused by chloride ions, and the formation of precipitates on the cathode. The electrode and catalyst materials are corroded by the Cl- under long-term operations. Numerous efforts have been made to address these issues arising from impurities in the seawater. This review focuses on recent progress in developing high-performance electrodes and electrolyser designs for efficient seawater electrolysis. Its aim is to provide a systematic and insightful introduction and discussion on seawater electrolysers and electrodes with the hope of promoting the utilization of offshore renewable energy sources through seawater electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Far-Shore Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311122, China; (F.Z.); (X.C.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolysers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.T.); (Q.Y.)
- Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolysers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.T.); (Q.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Far-Shore Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311122, China; (F.Z.); (X.C.); (S.Z.)
- Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Shengxiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Far-Shore Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311122, China; (F.Z.); (X.C.); (S.Z.)
- Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Yayun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolysers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.T.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Yulong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolysers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.T.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolysers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.T.); (Q.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qihao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolysers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.T.); (Q.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Evelina Slavcheva
- Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems of Bulgaria Academic Science (IEES), Akad. G. Bonchev 10, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Yichao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolysers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.T.); (Q.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolysers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.T.); (Q.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Chen L, Song Z, Zhang S, Chang CK, Chuang YC, Peng X, Dun C, Urban JJ, Guo J, Chen JL, Prendergast D, Salmeron M, Somorjai GA, Su J. Ternary NiMo-Bi liquid alloy catalyst for efficient hydrogen production from methane pyrolysis. Science 2023; 381:857-861. [PMID: 37616342 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Methane pyrolysis (MP) is a potential technology for CO2-free hydrogen production that generates only solid carbon by-products. However, developing a highly efficient catalyst for stable methane pyrolysis at a moderate temperature has been challenging. We present a new and highly efficient catalyst created by modifying a Ni-Bi liquid alloy with the addition of Mo to produce a ternary NiMo-Bi liquid alloy catalyst (LAC). This catalyst exhibited a considerably low activation energy of 81.2 kilojoules per mole, which enabled MP at temperatures between 450 and 800 Celsius and a hydrogen generation efficiency of 4.05 ml per gram of nickel per minute. At 800 Celsius, the catalyst exhibited 100% H2 selectivity and 120 hours of stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Chen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhigang Song
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chung-Kai Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Xinxing Peng
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chaochao Dun
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gabor A Somorjai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ji Su
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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4
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Saconsint S, Srifa A, Koo-Amornpattana W, Assabumrungrat S, Sano N, Fukuhara C, Ratchahat S. Development of Ni-Mo carbide catalyst for production of syngas and CNTs by dry reforming of biogas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12928. [PMID: 37558901 PMCID: PMC10412613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogas has been widely regarded as a promising source of renewable energy. Recently, the direct conversion of biogas over heterogeneous catalysts for the simultaneous production of syngas and carbon nanotubes exhibits a high potential for full utilization of biogas with great benefits. Involving the combined dry reforming of methane and catalytic decomposition of methane, the efficiency of process is strongly depended on the catalyst activity/stability, mainly caused by carbon deposition. In this study, Ni-Mo catalyst is engineered to provide a life-long performance and perform high activity in the combined process. The surface modification of catalysts by a controlled carburization pretreatment is proposed for the first time to produce a carbide catalyst along with improving the catalyst stability as well as the reactivity for direct conversion of biogas. The performance of as-prepared carbide catalysts is investigated with comparison to the oxide and metallic ones. As a result, the Ni-Mo2C catalyst exhibited superior activity and stability over its counterparts, even though the condensed nanocarbon was largely grown and covered on the surface. In addition, up to 82% of CH4 conversion and 93% of CO2 conversion could remain almost constant at 800 °C throughout the entire test period of 3 h under a high flowrate inlet stream of pure biogas at 48,000 cm3 g-1 h-1. The XPS spectra of catalysts confirmed that the presence of Mo2C species on the catalyst surface could promote the stability and reactivity of the catalyst, resulting in higher productivity of carbon nanotubes over a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supanida Saconsint
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Atthapon Srifa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Wanida Koo-Amornpattana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Assabumrungrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center of Excellence in Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Noriaki Sano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Choji Fukuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Sakhon Ratchahat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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5
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Vanzan M, Gil G, Castaldo D, Nordlander P, Corni S. Energy Transfer to Molecular Adsorbates by Transient Hot Electron Spillover. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2719-2725. [PMID: 37010208 PMCID: PMC10103299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hot electron (HE) photocatalysis is one of the most intriguing fields of nanoscience, with a clear potential for technological impact. Despite much effort, the mechanisms of HE photocatalysis are not fully understood. Here we investigate a mechanism based on transient electron spillover on a molecule and subsequent energy release into vibrational modes. We use state-of-the-art real-time Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (rt-TDDFT), simulating the dynamics of a HE moving within linear chains of Ag or Au atoms, on which CO, N2, or H2O are adsorbed. We estimate the energy a HE can release into adsorbate vibrational modes and show that certain modes are selectively activated. The energy transfer strongly depends on the adsorbate, the metal, and the HE energy. Considering a cumulative effect from multiple HEs, we estimate this mechanism can transfer tenths of an eV to molecular vibrations and could play an important role in HE photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Vanzan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriel Gil
- Instituto
de Cibernetica, Matematica y Física, Calle E esq 15 Vedado, 10400 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Davide Castaldo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR
Institute of Nanoscience, via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
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6
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Christiansen T, Robinson B, Caiola A, Jiang C, Hu J. Improved Efficiency of the Microwave-Enhanced Catalytic Pyrolysis of Methane through Supplemental Thermal Heating. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Troy Christiansen
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26506, United States
| | - Brandon Robinson
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26506, United States
| | - Ashley Caiola
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26506, United States
| | - Changle Jiang
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26506, United States
| | - Jianli Hu
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26506, United States
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7
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Electrification of Chemical Engineering: A New Way to Intensify Chemical Processes. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of fossil fuels as an energy source has resulted in a serious problem regarding two of their main drawbacks: (i) the exhaustion of these resources and (ii) the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with their use [...]
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8
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Scenarios to Decarbonize Austria’s Energy Consumption and the Role of Underground Hydrogen Storage. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The European Union is aiming at reaching greenhouse gas (GHG) emission neutrality in 2050. Austria’s current greenhouse gas emissions are 80 million t/year. Renewable Energy (REN) contributes 32% to Austria’s total energy consumption. To decarbonize energy consumption, a substantial increase in energy generation from renewable energy is required. This increase will add to the seasonality of energy supply and amplifies the seasonality in energy demand. In this paper, the seasonality of energy supply and demand in a Net-Zero Scenario are analyzed for Austria and requirements for hydrogen storage derived. We looked into the potential usage of hydrogen in Austria and the economics of hydrogen generation and technology and market developments to assess the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH). Then, we cover the energy consumption in Austria followed by the REN potential. The results show that incremental potential of up to 140 TWh for hydropower, photovoltaic (PV), and wind exists in Austria. Hydropower generation and PV is higher in summer- than in wintertime, while wind energy leads to higher energy generation in wintertime. The largest incremental potential is PV, with agrivoltaic systems significantly increasing the area amenable for PV compared with PV usage only. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV) use energy more efficiently than Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) cars; however, the use of hydrogen for electricity generation significantly decreases the efficiency due to electricity–hydrogen–electricity conversion. The increase in REN use and the higher demand for energy in Austria in wintertime require seasonal storage of energy. We developed three scenarios, Externally Dependent Scenario (EDS), Balanced Energy Scenario (BES) or Self-Sustained Scenario (SSS), for Austria. The EDS scenario assumes significant REN import to Austria, whereas the SSS scenario relies on REN generation within Austria. The required hydrogen storage would be 10.82 bn m3 for EDS, 13.34 bn m3 for BES, and 18.69 bn m3 for SSS. Gas and oil production in Austria and the presence of aquifers indicates that sufficient storage capacity might be available. Significant technology development is required to be able to implement hydrogen as an energy carrier and to balance seasonal energy demand and supply.
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9
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Jiang C, Wang IW, Bai X, Balyan S, Robinson B, Hu J, Li W, Deibel A, Liu X, Li F, Neal LM, Dou J, Jiang Y, Dagle R, Lopez-Ruiz JA, Skoptsov G. Methane Catalytic Pyrolysis by Microwave and Thermal Heating over Carbon Nanotube-Supported Catalysts: Productivity, Kinetics, and Energy Efficiency. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changle Jiang
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - I-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Xinwei Bai
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Sonit Balyan
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Brandon Robinson
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jianli Hu
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Angela Deibel
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Xingbo Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Fanxing Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Luke M. Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis. Energy and Environmental Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Robert Dagle
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis. Energy and Environmental Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Juan A. Lopez-Ruiz
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis. Energy and Environmental Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - George Skoptsov
- H Quest Vanguard, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238-1333, United States
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10
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Decarbonizing Natural Gas: A Review of Catalytic Decomposition and Carbon Formation Mechanisms. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the context of energy conservation and the reduction of CO2 emissions, inconsistencies between the inevitable emission of CO2 in traditional hydrogen production methods and eco-friendly targets have become more apparent over time. The catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) is a novel technology capable of producing hydrogen without releasing CO2. Since hydrogen produced via CDM is neither blue nor green, the term “turquoise” is selected to describe this technology. Notably, the by-products of methane cracking are simply carbon deposits with different structures, which can offset the cost of hydrogen production cost should they be harvested. However, the encapsulation of catalysts by such carbon deposits reduces the contact area between said catalysts and methane throughout the CDM process, thereby rendering the continuous production of hydrogen impossible. This paper mainly covers the CDM reaction mechanisms of the three common metal-based catalysts (Ni, Co, Fe) from experimental and modelling approaches. The by-products of carbon modality and the key parameters that affect the carbon formation mechanisms are also discussed.
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11
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Sambandam M, Nurni VN, Jayaraj SP. Sustainable Production of Steel–Carbon Neutrality and Low Life Cycle Emission. J Indian Inst Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Yan Q, Ketelboeter T, Cai Z. Production of COx-Free Hydrogen and Few-Layer Graphene Nanoplatelets by Catalytic Decomposition of Methane over Ni-Lignin-Derived Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:503. [PMID: 35056818 PMCID: PMC8777900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni)-lignin nanocomposites were synthesized from nickel nitrate and kraft lignin then catalytically graphitized to few-layer graphene-encapsulated nickel nanoparticles (Ni@G). Ni@G nanoparticles were used for catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) to produce COx-free hydrogen and graphene nanoplatelets. Ni@G showed high catalytic activity for methane decomposition at temperatures of 800 to 900 °C and exhibited long-term stability of 600 min time-on-stream (TOS) without apparent deactivation. The catalytic stability may be attributed to the nickel dispersion in the Ni@G sample. During the CDM reaction process, graphene shells over Ni@G nanoparticles were cracked and peeled off the nickel cores at high temperature. Both the exposed nickel nanoparticles and the cracked graphene shells may participate the CDM reaction, making Ni@G samples highly active for CDM reaction. The vacancy defects and edges in the cracked graphene shells serve as the active sites for methane decomposition. The edges are continuously regenerated by methane molecules through CDM reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangu Yan
- Ligwood LLC, Madison, WI 53719-2380, USA
| | - Timothy Ketelboeter
- Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cai
- Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA
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13
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Centi G, Perathoner S, Papanikolaou G. Plasma assisted CO2 splitting to carbon and oxygen: A concept review analysis. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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