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Velichka J, Kidd KA, Munkittrick K, Shanmuganathan M, Britz-McKibbin P, Curry RA. Elements and omega-3 fatty acids in fishes along a large, dammed river. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122375. [PMID: 37586688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Damming of a river can trap and elevate levels of sediment-bound elements and alter food web dynamics in created reservoirs. It follows that dams may alter how elements and other nutrients, like the beneficial omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are accumulated in fish and thus the chemical composition of species above and below this barrier to migration. This study examined the spatial and species differences in contaminants and nutrients in fish from the Wolastoq | Saint John River (New Brunswick, Canada) in association with a large hydroelectric dam (Mactaquac Generating Station; MQGS), a river which supports both recreational fisheries and subsistence fishing by Indigenous communities. In 2020 and 2021, Smallmouth Bass, Yellow Perch, American Eel, and Striped Bass were collected from locations upstream (reservoir and river) and downstream of the MQGS and analyzed for mercury (Hg) and 30 other trace elements, n-3 FAs, δ15N, and δ13C. Fish from the reservoir were highest in the beneficial elements P, S, and K, while fish from upstream of the reservoir had lower levels of toxic elements, including Hg. The dam appeared to alter food web dynamics, as fish from the reservoir and immediately downstream of the dam had higher δ15N and reservoir fish were depleted in δ13C. DHA and Hg were positively corelated with δ15N, and EPA in Smallmouth Bass was higher in sites where fish had higher δ13C. Overall, this study suggests that the dam altered food web dynamics and the uptake of contaminants and nutrients by fish, and that location and species are important factors when examining the risks and benefits of consuming wild fish from a system impacted by a large dam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Velichka
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute Biology Department, And Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Kelly Munkittrick
- Canadian Rivers Institute Biology Department, And Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, New Brunswick, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - R Allen Curry
- Canadian Rivers Institute Biology Department, And Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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Sojka M, Jaskuła J. Heavy Metals in River Sediments: Contamination, Toxicity, and Source Identification-A Case Study from Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710502. [PMID: 36078217 PMCID: PMC9518182 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the spatial distribution, contamination, potential ecological risks and quantities of pollutant sources of six heavy metals (HMs) in sediments of 47 rivers. The catchments of the investigated rivers are situated in Poland, but some of them are located in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Germany. Cluster analysis was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in river sediments. Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were calculated to reveal the distribution pattern and hotspot values. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were used to identify pollution sources. Furthermore, geochemical indices and sediment quality guidelines allowed us to assess sediment contamination and potential toxic effects on aquatic biota. The results showed that in 1/3rd of the rivers, the HM pattern and concentrations indicate sediment contamination. The EF, PLI, and MPI indices indicate that concentrations were at a rather low level in 2/3rd of the analyzed rivers. Only in individual rivers may the HMs have toxic effects on aquatic biota. Spatial autocorrelation analysis using the Moran I statistic revealed a random and dispersed pattern of HMs in river sediments. PCA analysis identified two sources of HMs' delivery to the aquatic environment. Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn originate from point and non-point sources, while Cd concentrations have a dominant natural origin. The PMF identified three sources of pollution. Among them, urban pollution sources are responsible for Cu delivery, agricultural pollution for Zn, and industrial pollution for Ni and Cr. Moreover, the analysis showed no relationship between catchment land-use patterns and HM content in river sediments.
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