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Revathi S, Amanullah M, Al-Samghan AS, Joseph JJ, Pazhanisamy P, Addich M, Gomathi T. Sustainable heavy metal (Cr(VI) ion) remediation: Ternary blend approach with chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and bioactive glass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134769. [PMID: 39151866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution poses a significant environmental challenge to worldwide, especially in developing countries. This study focuses on eliminating the heavy metal chromium (VI) ion from wastewater, employing an eco-friendly and economical ternary blend composed of Chitosan (CS), Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and bioactive glass (BAG). The innovative bioactive glass is crafted from biosilica extracted from biowaste of cow dung ash, calcium oxide from eggshell ash, and phosphorus pentoxide. The CS/CMC/BAG blend is prepared via sol-gel method and characterized using XRD, FT-IR, TGA, BET, TEM and SEM revealing a porous structural morphology during blending. Batch adsorption studies explore various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial metal ion concentrations. The results are then evaluated through adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, D-R, and Temkin isotherm modeling). The investigation concludes that the optimal conditions for Cr (VI) removal are pH 3, contact time of 300 min, adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g, and an initial metal ion concentration of 50 ppm. The adsorption isotherm model indicates an excellent fit with the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9576) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.981). In summary, the CS/CMC/BAG ternary blend exhibits a remarkable ability to effectively remove heavy metal Cr(VI) ions from industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Revathi
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, D.K.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Amanullah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Saeed Al-Samghan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - P Pazhanisamy
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Theagaraya College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600021, India
| | - Mourad Addich
- Laboratory of Analysis, Modeling, Engineering, Natural Substances and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Taroudant, Morocco
| | - Thandapani Gomathi
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, D.K.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wystalska K, Malińska K, Sobik-Szołtysek J, Dróżdż D, Meers E. Properties of Poultry-Manure-Derived Biochar for Peat Substitution in Growing Media. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6392. [PMID: 37834529 PMCID: PMC10573505 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Peat is considered a contentious input in horticulture. Therefore, there is a search for suitable alternatives with similar properties that can be used for partial or complete peat substitution in growing media. Poultry-manure-derived biochar (PMB) is considered such an alternative. This study aimed at determining the properties of PMBs obtained through pyrolysis at selected temperatures and assessing their potentials to substitute peat in growing media based on the selected properties. The scope included the laboratory-scale pyrolysis of poultry manure at the temperatures of 425-725 °C; the determination of selected physico-chemical and physical properties of the obtained biochars, including the contaminants; and the assessment of the potentials of produced biochars to be used as peat substitutes. PMBs contained less than 36% of total organic carbon (TOC). The contents of P and K were about 2.03-3.91% and 2.74-5.13%, respectively. PMBs did not retain N. They can be safely used as the concentrations of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinatd biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furans are within the permissible values (except for Cr). Due to high pH (9.24-12.35), they can have a liming effect. High water holding capacity (WHC) in the range of 158-232% w/w could allow for the maintenance of moisture in the growing media. PMBs obtained at 525 °C, 625 °C, and 725 °C showed required stability (H/Corg < 0.7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wystalska
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Brzeźnicka 60A, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (K.W.); (J.S.-S.); (D.D.)
| | - Krystyna Malińska
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Brzeźnicka 60A, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (K.W.); (J.S.-S.); (D.D.)
| | - Jolanta Sobik-Szołtysek
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Brzeźnicka 60A, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (K.W.); (J.S.-S.); (D.D.)
| | - Danuta Dróżdż
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Brzeźnicka 60A, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (K.W.); (J.S.-S.); (D.D.)
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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Turzyński T, Januszewicz K, Kazimierski P, Kardaś D, Hercel P, Szymborski J, Niewiadomski J. The role of additives in improving the flammability and calorific value of leather shavings and the binding of chromium compounds in ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 163:52-60. [PMID: 37001312 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Leather processing companies are struggling with the problem of increasing costs of post-production waste disposal. Therefore, the issue of thermal waste disposal at the plant and the use of generated heat in the production process is becoming more and more popular. Leather waste on its own does not allow for autothermal combustion despite the sufficient higher heating value (HHV). Therefore the Authors proposed to improve the flammability of the fuel by adding a small amount of wood sawdust to leather waste and produce premixed pellets. Six such samples were incinerated in a laboratory-scale reactor, which enables the simultaneous measurement of characteristic temperatures, exhaust gas analysis and sample mass loss rate. Research has shown that even a small addition of sawdust enables a stable combustion process and does not cause the formation of sinters. In addition, studies of the ash showed that in the case of chromium-containing waste, a large part of it remained in the ash in the form of Cr2O3. Nevertheless, very fine ash causes the small fraction chromium to be carried with the flue gas stream, therefore controlled agglomeration of the ash structure would be advisable in the final installation. Emission analysis showed high and moderately high NOx and SO2 emissions, decreasing with the increase in the amount of sawdust addition in the sample. Research has shown that leather waste is not a burden, but can be an attractive and safe source of energy for the company, while improving waste management in a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Turzyński
- Centre of Flow and Combustion, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Januszewicz
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Kazimierski
- Centre of Flow and Combustion, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kardaś
- Centre of Flow and Combustion, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Hercel
- Centre of Flow and Combustion, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Szymborski
- Centre of Flow and Combustion, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Niewiadomski
- Centre of Flow and Combustion, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
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Sakiewicz P, Piotrowski K, Rajca M, Maj I, Kalisz S, Ober J, Karwot J, Pagilla KR. Innovative Technological Approach for the Cyclic Nutrients Adsorption by Post-Digestion Sewage Sludge-Based Ash Co-Formed with Some Nanostructural Additives under a Circular Economy Framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11119. [PMID: 36078831 PMCID: PMC9518112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new, innovative technological approach, in line with Circular Economy principles, to the effective management of sludge generated during municipal wastewater treatment processes and subsequently used for biogas production. This approach allows for optimal, functional, and controlled cascade-type biotechnological thermal conversion of carbon compounds present in sewage sludge, later in solid digestate residues (after biogas production), and finally in the ash structure (after incineration, purposefully dosed nanostructural additives make the production of a useful solid product possible, especially for cyclic adsorption and slow release of nutrients (N, P, K) in the soil). The idea is generally targeted at achieving an innovative conversion cycle under a Circular Economy framework. In particular, it is based on an energy carrier (methane biogas) and direct energy production. The functionalized combustion by-products can be advantageous in agriculture. The use of ashes with nanostructural additives (halloysite, kaolinite) from combustion of sewage sludge after the anaerobic fermentation as an adsorbent of selected nutrients important in agriculture (Na+, K+, NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, Cl-) was verified at laboratory scale. The tests were carried out both for pure ash and for the ash derived from combustion with the purposeful addition of kaolinite or halloysite. The equilibrium conditions for nitrate, potassium, sodium, phosphate(V), sulphate(VI), and chloride ions from aqueous solutions with the use of the three adsorbent structures were determined. The obtained innovative results were interpreted theoretically with adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Jovanović). The most spectacular and clearly favorable results related to the influence of nanostructural additives in the process of sludge combustion, and formation of sorption surfaces under high temperature conditions were identified in the case of sorption-based separation of phosphate(V) ions (an increase from 1.13% to 61.24% with the addition of kaolinite, and even up to 76.19% with addition of halloysite).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sakiewicz
- Division of Nanocrystalline and Functional Materials and Sustainable Pro-Ecological Technologies, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Piotrowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mariola Rajca
- Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Izabella Maj
- Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwester Kalisz
- Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Józef Ober
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 26-28, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Janusz Karwot
- Sewage and Water Supply Ltd., Pod Lasem 62, 44-210 Rybnik, Poland
| | - Krishna R Pagilla
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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