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Ahmad W, Makkawi Y, Samara F. Co-Pyrolysis of Date Palm Waste and Salicornia Bigelovii: Insights for Bioenergy Development in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24082-24094. [PMID: 38854508 PMCID: PMC11154716 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Bioenergy is predicted to significantly contribute to the global energy needs of both developed and developing economies. Co-pyrolysis of halophytes offers a solution for a sustainable supply of feedstock in coastal and water-scarce regions. This novel research introduces an experimental investigation of co-pyrolysis of saline-tolerant flora (date palm waste and Salicornia bigelovii) to address sustainable waste management, bioenergy production, and efficient resource utilization in xeric regions. To examine the impact of the thermic condition on the pyrolysis products (bio-oil, biochar, and gas), the experiments have been conducted at three different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C). This pioneering study revealed that the co-feed bio-oil is acidic (pH 3.76-4.39) and has a high energy content (HHV 32.29-36.29 MJ/kg) that surpasses most woody biomass. The produced biochar was chemically stable, high in ash (40.09-47.62 wt %), high in fixed carbon (30.12-38.12 wt %), highly alkaline (pH 9.37-10.69), and low in HHV (16.30-17.2 MJ/kg). Increased pyrolysis temperature enhances biochar stability and fixed carbon, thus benefiting long-term carbon sequestration if applied in the soil. However, due to its high alkalinity, the application of this biochar in naturally alkaline sandy soils, such as in coastal deserts, requires careful monitoring. The hydrogen content in the gaseous phase significantly improves with rising temperature, reaching HHV = 24.12 MJ/kg at 600 °C, due to the enhanced ash catalytic effect. Overall, this study constitutes an important contribution to advancing bioenergy, sustainable feedstock, carbon capture, and waste management strategies in drought-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, 26666 Sharjah, UAE
- Bioenergy
and Solar Conversion Research Group (BSCRG), College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah, UAE
| | - Yassir Makkawi
- Bioenergy
and Solar Conversion Research Group (BSCRG), College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah, UAE
| | - Fatin Samara
- Department
of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Science, American University of Sharjah, P.O.
Box 26666 Sharjah, UAE
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Farouk SM, Tayeb AM, Abdel-Hamid SMS, Osman RM. Recent advances in transesterification for sustainable biodiesel production, challenges, and prospects: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12722-12747. [PMID: 38253825 PMCID: PMC10881653 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Biodiesel, a renewable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, has garnered significant attention as a potential solution to the growing energy crisis and environmental concerns. The review commences with a thorough examination of feedstock selection and preparation, emphasizing the critical role of feedstock quality in ensuring optimal biodiesel production efficiency and quality. Next, it delves into the advancements in biodiesel applications, highlighting its versatility and potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. The heart of the review focuses on transesterification, the key process in biodiesel production. It provides an in-depth analysis of various catalysts, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme-based, and nanomaterial catalysts, exploring their distinct characteristics and behavior during transesterification. The review also sheds light on the transesterification reaction mechanism and kinetics, emphasizing the importance of kinetic modeling in process optimization. Recent developments in biodiesel production, including feedstock selection, process optimization, and sustainability, are discussed, along with the challenges related to engine performance, emissions, and compatibility that hinder wider biodiesel adoption. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for ongoing research, development, and collaboration among academia, industry, and policymakers to address the challenges and pursue further research in biodiesel production. It outlines specific recommendations for future research, paving the way for the widespread adoption of biodiesel as a renewable energy source and fostering a cleaner and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Mohamed Farouk
- Chemical Engineering Department, Egyptian Academy for Engineering and Advanced Technology (EA&EAT), affiliated to the Ministry of Military Production, Km. 3 Cairo Belbeis Desert Rd., Cairo Governorate, 3066, Egypt.
| | - Aghareed M Tayeb
- Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Misr Aswan Agricultural Rd., EL MAHATTA, Menia Governorate, 2431384, Egypt
| | - Shereen M S Abdel-Hamid
- Chemical Engineering Department, Egyptian Academy for Engineering and Advanced Technology (EA&EAT), affiliated to the Ministry of Military Production, Km. 3 Cairo Belbeis Desert Rd., Cairo Governorate, 3066, Egypt
| | - Randa M Osman
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza Governorate, Egypt
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Bahkali AH, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Abdel-Wahab MA, Srivastava N, Gupta VK. Date seed waste derived nanocatalyst and its application in production of hydrolytic enzyme, fermentative sugars and biohydrogen. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129837. [PMID: 37839648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofuel production from cellulosic biomass is a promising approach; however, the cost-intensive utilization of cellulolytic enzymes is a major roadblock to economic production. This study reports the preparation of a nanocatalyst using date seed and evaluates the impact of nanocatalysts on cellulolytic enzyme production using solid-state fermentation of date pulp waste through bacterial co-cultivation. Under optimized conditions, 30 IU/gds filter paper activity is produced in the presence of 2 mg of nanocatalyst. Cellulase showed thermal stability at 50 °C and pH 7 up to 10 h in the presence of nanocatalyst, and it produced 32.31 g/L glucose through the hydrolysis of acidic-pretreated date seeds in 24 h. Subsequently, 1788 mL/L of cumulative H2 in 24 h through cocultured dark fermentation could be produced. The approach presented in this study can be effective for multiple value additions, including nanocatalyst preparation, cellulase enzyme, and biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advance Material Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom.
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Abu-Zeid MAR, Bassyouni M, Fouad Y, Monica T, Sandid AM, Elhenawy Y. Experimental and Simulation Study of Solar-Powered Air-Gap Membrane Distillation Technology for Water Desalination. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:821. [PMID: 37887993 PMCID: PMC10608935 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate temperature polarization (TP) and concentration polarization (CP), which affect solar-powered air-gap membrane distillation (SP-AGMD) system performance under various operating conditions. A mathematical model for the SP-AGMD system using the experimental results was performed to calculate the temperature polarization coefficient (τ), interface temperature (Tfm), and interface concentration (Cfm) at various salt concentrations (Cf), feed temperatures (Tf), and flow rates (Mf). The system of SP-AGMD was simulated using the TRNSYS program. An evacuated tube collector (ETC) with a 2.5 m2 surface area was utilized for solar water heating. Electrical powering of cooler and circulation water pumps in the SP-AGMD system was provided using a photovoltaic system. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman's correlation analysis to test the significant impact of operating conditions and polarization phenomena at p < 0.05. Statistical analysis showed that Mf induced a highly significant difference in the productivity (Pr) and heat-transfer (hf) coefficients (p < 0.001) and a significant difference in τ (p < 0.05). Great F-ratios showed that Mf is the most influential parameter. Pr was enhanced by 99% and 146%, with increasing Tf (60 °C) and Mf (12 L/h), respectively, at a stable salt concentration (Cf) of 0.5% and a cooling temperature (Tc) of 20 °C. Also, the temperature increased to 85 °C when solar radiation reached 1002 W/m2 during summer. The inlet heat temperature of AGMD increased to 73 °C, and the Pr reached 1.62 kg/(m2·h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa AbdEl-Rady Abu-Zeid
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Bassyouni
- Center of Excellence in Membrane-Based Water Desalination Technology for Testing and Characterization (CEMTC), Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, East Port Said University of Technology, North Sinai 45632, Egypt
| | - Yasser Fouad
- Department of Applied Mechanical Engineering, College of Applied Engineering, Muzahimiyah Branch, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Toderaș Monica
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Oradea, St. No.1., 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Abdelfatah Marni Sandid
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Ain-Temouchent, Ain-Temouchent 46000, Algeria;
| | - Yasser Elhenawy
- Center of Excellence in Membrane-Based Water Desalination Technology for Testing and Characterization (CEMTC), Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
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de Azevedo CG, Dos Santos RJ, Hiranobe CT, Zanette AF, Job AE, Silva MJ. The invasive Egeria densa macrophyte and its potential as a new renewable energy source: A study of degradation kinetics and thermodynamic parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158979. [PMID: 36179837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increase in global demand, along with environmental concerns, has led to the need for new sources that can supply the energy needed for socioeconomic development while reducing pollutant emissions. Aquatic biomasses, especially those of invasive aquatic macrophytes, can be potential energy sources, and this study evaluated the thermal degradation of the invasive Egeria densa macrophytes (EDM) in an inert environment at four heating rates to evaluate its potential as a low-cost biomass and bioenergy source. Pyrolysis experiments were performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The thermal profile of invasive EDM has three main events (multiple stages). Stages (i) and (ii) occur at a temperature range of 125-395 °C and represent the decomposition of carbohydrates such as hemicellulose and cellulose. Stage (iii) occurs between 395 and 500 °C and mainly relates to the decomposition of lignin. Thermal data have been used to analyze kinetic parameters through isoconversional methods, and the activation energy (Ea) value of EDM showed variation at different conversion points. The highest Ea values were observed for conversion rates of 0.3-0.6 due to the increased energy required to break down the lignocellulosic chains during decomposition. The small difference between the enthalpy change and Ea values for the different isoconversional methods can be due to a small potential energy barrier, which reflects the feasibility that the reaction can occur under the expected conditions. Gibbs free energy (137-145 kJ mol-1) and high heating value (13.40 MJ/kg) revealed a significant bioenergy potential for EDM biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gonçalves de Azevedo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Energy Engineering, Rosana, São Paulo 19274-000, Brazil.
| | - Renivaldo José Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Energy Engineering, Rosana, São Paulo 19274-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Toshiyuki Hiranobe
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Energy Engineering, Rosana, São Paulo 19274-000, Brazil
| | - Andréia Fátima Zanette
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Energy Engineering, Rosana, São Paulo 19274-000, Brazil
| | - Aldo Eloizo Job
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Michael Jones Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Energy Engineering, Rosana, São Paulo 19274-000, Brazil.
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Sait HH, Hussain A, Bassyouni M, Ali I, Kanthasamy R, Ayodele BV, Elhenawy Y. Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead Biocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122503. [PMID: 35746079 PMCID: PMC9227786 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discharge of textile wastewater into aquatic streams is considered a major challenge due to its effect on the water ecosystem. Direct blue 78 (DB78) dye has a complex structure. Therefore, it is difficult to separate it from industrial wastewater. In this study, carbon obtained from the pyrolysis of mixed palm seeds under different temperatures (400 °C and 1000 °C) was activated by a thermochemical method by using microwave radiation and an HCl solution in order to improve its adsorption characteristics. The generated activated carbon was used to synthesize a novel activated carbon/chitosan microbead (ACMB) for dye removal from textile wastewater. The obtained activated carbon (AC) was characterized by a physicochemical analysis that included, namely, particle size, zeta potential, SEM, EDX, and FTIR analyses. A series of batch experiments were conducted in terms of the ACMB dose, contact time, pH, and activated carbon/chitosan ratios in synthetic microbeads for enhancing the adsorption capacity. A remarkable improvement in the surface roughness was observed using SEM analysis. The particle surface was transformed from a slick surface with a minor-pore structure to a rough surface with major-pore structure. The zeta potential analysis indicated a higher improvement in the carbon surface charge, from -35 mv (before activation) to +20 mv (after activation). The adsorption tests showed that the dye-removal efficiency increased with the increasing adsorbent concentration. The maximum removal efficiencies were 97.8% and 98.4% using 3 and 4 g/L of AC400°C MB-0.3:1 and AC1000°C MB-0.3:1, respectively, with initial dye concentrations of 40 mg/L under acidic conditions (pH = 4-5), and an optimal mixing time of 50 min. The equilibrium studies for AC400°C MB-0.3:1 and AC1000°C MB-0.3:1 showed that the equilibrium data best fitted to the Langmuir isothermal model with R2 = 0.99. These results reveal that activated carbon/chitosan microbeads are an effective adsorbent for the removal of direct blue 78 dye and provide a new platform for dye removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Hussain Sait
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (H.H.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Bassyouni
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fouad 42526, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.H.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Imtiaz Ali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Ramesh Kanthasamy
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Bamidele Victor Ayodele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Yasser Elhenawy
- Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fouad 42526, Egypt;
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