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Issahaku M, Derkyi NSA, Kemausuor F. A systematic review of the design considerations for the operation and maintenance of small-scale biogas digesters. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24019. [PMID: 38230247 PMCID: PMC10789629 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This review investigates small-scale biogas digesters' design and construction considerations to address biogas digesters' failures shortly after installation. The frequent failures of small-scale or household biogas digesters negatively affect its adoption as a clean domestic cooking fuel in developing countries, affecting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7. The study considered Scopus database-indexed peer-reviewed journals published between 2000 and 2022. Selected papers focussed on real-time monitoring, stirring mechanisms, and temperature control systems based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria with initial search results of 4751 documents, narrowing to 55 papers. The PRISMA 2020 statement was adopted to conduct the study. The study highlights the importance of incorporating a real-time monitoring system as a design factor in small-scale biogas digesters for successful operation and maintenance. The study's findings may be helpful to practitioners, policymakers, and researchers promoting sustainable energy and waste management solutions in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarick Issahaku
- Regional Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Energy Technology Centre, School of Engineering, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Nana Sarfo Agyemang Derkyi
- Regional Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Francis Kemausuor
- The Brew-Hammond Energy Center, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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2
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Kalita S, Ohlsson JA, Karlsson Potter H, Nordberg Å, Sandgren M, Hansson PA. Energy performance of compressed biomethane gas production from co-digestion of Salix and dairy manure: factoring differences between Salix varieties. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:165. [PMID: 37924121 PMCID: PMC10625243 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Biogas from anaerobic digestion is a versatile energy carrier that can be upgraded to compressed biomethane gas (CBG) as a renewable and sustainable alternative to natural gas. Organic residues and energy crops are predicted to be major sources of bioenergy production in the future. Pre-treatment can reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic energy crops such as Salix to anaerobic digestion, making it a potential biogas feedstock. This lignocellulosic material can be co-digested with animal manure, which has the complementary effect of increasing volumetric biogas yield. Salix varieties exhibit variations in yield, composition and biomethane potential values, which can have a significant effect on the overall biogas production system. This study assessed the impact of Salix varietal differences on the overall mass and energy balance of a co-digestion system using steam pre-treated Salix biomass and dairy manure (DaM) to produce CBG as the final product. Six commercial Salix varieties cultivated under unfertilised and fertilised conditions were compared. Energy and mass flows along this total process chain, comprising Salix cultivation, steam pre-treatment, biogas production and biogas upgrading to CBG, were evaluated. Two scenarios were considered: a base scenario without heat recovery and a scenario with heat recovery. The results showed that Salix variety had a significant effect on energy output-input ratio (R), with R values in the base scenario of 1.57-1.88 and in the heat recovery scenario of 2.36-2.94. In both scenarios, unfertilised var. Tordis was the best energy performer, while the fertilised var. Jorr was the worst. Based on this energy performance, Salix could be a feasible feedstock for co-digestion with DaM, although its R value was at the lower end of the range reported previously for energy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kalita
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas A Ohlsson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Karlsson Potter
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Nordberg
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Hansson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Experimental Analysis of Mixing-Processes in Biogas Plants. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Enhancing Efficiency of Anaerobic Digestion by Optimization of Mixing Regimes Using Helical Ribbon Impeller. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate mixing system and approach to effective management can provide favorable conditions for the highly sensitive microbial community, which can ensure process stability and efficiency in an anaerobic digester. In this study, the effect of mixing intensity on biogas production in a lab-scale anaerobic digester has been investigated experimentally and via modeling. Considering high mixing efficiency and unique feature of producing axial flow, helical ribbon (HR) impeller is used for mixing the slurry in this experiment under various conditions. Three parallel digesters were analyzed under identical operating conditions for comparative study and high accuracy. Effects of different mixing speeds (10, 30, and 67 rpm for 5 min h−1) on biogas production rate were determined in 5-L lab-scale digesters. The results demonstrated 15–18% higher biogas production at higher mixing speed (67 rpm) as compared to 10 rpm and 30 rpm and the results proved statistically significant (p < 0.05). Biogas production at 10, 30, and 67 rpm were 45.6, 48.6, and 52.5 L, respectively. Higher VFA concentrations (7.67 g L−1) were recorded at lower mixing intensity but there was no significant difference in pH and ammonia at different speeds whereas the better mixing efficiency at higher speeds was also the main reason for increase in biogas production. Furthermore, model simulation calculations revealed the reduction of dead zones and better homogeneous mixing at higher mixing speeds. Reduction of dead zones from 18% at 10 rpm to 2% at 67 rpm was observed, which can be the major factor in significant difference in biogas production rates at various mixing intensities. Optimization of digester and impeller geometry should be a prime focus to scale-up digesters and to optimize mixing in full-scale digesters.
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Abstract
In a lab-scale bioreactor system, (20 L of effective volume in our study) controlling a constant temperature inside bioreactor with a total volume 25 L is a simple process, whereas it is a complicated process in the actual full-scale system. There might exist a localized temperature difference inside the reactor, affecting bioenergy yield. In the present work, the temperature at the middle layer of bioreactor was controlled at 35 °C, while the temperature at top and bottom of bioreactor was controlled at 35 ± 0.1, ±1.5, ±3.0, and ±5.0 °C. The H2 yield of 1.50 mol H2/mol hexoseadded was achieved at ±0.1 and ±1.5 °C, while it dropped to 1.27 and 0.98 mol H2/mol hexoseadded at ±3.0 and ±5.0 °C, respectively, with an increased lactate production. Then, the reactor with automatic agitation speed control was operated. The agitation speed was 10 rpm (for 22 h) under small temperature difference (<±1.5 °C), while it increased to 100 rpm (for 2 h) when the temperature difference between top and bottom of reactor became larger than ±1.5 °C. Such an operation strategy helped to save 28% of energy requirement for agitation while producing a similar amount of H2. This work contributes to facilitating the upscaling of the dark fermentation process, where appropriate agitation speed can be controlled based on the temperature difference inside the reactor.
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Ohnmacht B, Lemmer A, Oechsner H, Kress P. Demand-oriented biogas production and biogas storage in digestate by flexibly feeding a full-scale biogas plant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125099. [PMID: 33862386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work studied the demand-oriented biogas production and the biogas storage in digestate by flexibly feeding a full-scale research biogas plant. The investigated continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was equipped with a fast-moving submersible motor mixer and a slow-moving inclined shaft agitator. A model for the biogas storage in digestate was introduced and tested in full scale using temporally highly resolved volume flow measurements. An increase in mixing time led to a faster biogas production: A two to five hours reduction of the time to reach the maximum biogas production after feeding occurred in our experiments. However, no influence of the rheology and of the mixing regime on the methane yield could be derived from the measurements. Further, a 30% reduction of the stored biogas in the digestate occurred when the viscosity was lowered by 66%. This knowledge can be used to enhance the existing biogas formation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ohnmacht
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstr. 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstr. 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstr. 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Philipp Kress
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstr. 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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7
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The significance of microbial community functions and symbiosis in enhancing methane production during anaerobic digestion: a review. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Heyer R, Klang J, Hellwig P, Schallert K, Kress P, Huelsemann B, Theuerl S, Reichl U, Benndorf D. Impact of feeding and stirring regimes on the internal stratification of microbial communities in the fermenter of anaerobic digestion plants. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123679. [PMID: 32629381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In anaerobic digestion plants (ADs), homogenization of the feed, fermenter content and microbial communities is crucial for efficient and robust biogas production. However, mixing also requires a significant amount of energy. For an 850 m3 agricultural AD equipped with eight sampling ports, we investigated whether different feeding and stirring regimes enable a sufficient homogenization of the microbial community using metaproteomics and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis. Systematic comparison of samples taken at the top and the bottom as well as at the rim and the center of the AD using scatter plots and students t-test revealed only a small number of differences in metaproteins, taxonomies and biological processes. Obviously, the applied stirring and feeding conditions were sufficient to largely homogenize the content of the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heyer
- Otto von Guericke University, Bioprocess Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Klang
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Patrick Hellwig
- Otto von Guericke University, Bioprocess Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Kay Schallert
- Otto von Guericke University, Bioprocess Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kress
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Huelsemann
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Susanne Theuerl
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Otto von Guericke University, Bioprocess Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Dirk Benndorf
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Abstract
The biogas production technology has improved over the last years for the aim of reducing the costs of the process, increasing the biogas yields, and minimizing the greenhouse gas emissions. To obtain a stable and efficient biogas production, there are several design considerations and operational parameters to be taken into account. Besides, adapting the process to unanticipated conditions can be achieved by adequate monitoring of various operational parameters. This paper reviews the research that has been conducted over the last years. This review paper summarizes the developments in biogas design and operation, while highlighting the main factors that affect the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process. The study’s outcomes revealed that the optimum operational values of the main parameters may vary from one biogas plant to another. Additionally, the negative conditions that should be avoided while operating a biogas plant were identified.
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Annas S, Elfering M, Volbert N, Jantzen H, Scholz J, Janoske U. Einfluss der Rührwerksposition auf den Mischprozess in Biogasanlagen anhand eines Paddelrührwerks. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201800116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Annas
- FH MünsterFachbereich Maschinenbau Stegerwaldstraße 39 48565 Steinfurt Deutschland
- Bergische Universität WuppertalFakultät für Maschinenbau und Sicherheitstechnik Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Deutschland
| | - Michael Elfering
- FH MünsterFachbereich Maschinenbau Stegerwaldstraße 39 48565 Steinfurt Deutschland
| | - Nico Volbert
- FH MünsterFachbereich Maschinenbau Stegerwaldstraße 39 48565 Steinfurt Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Arno Jantzen
- FH MünsterFachbereich Maschinenbau Stegerwaldstraße 39 48565 Steinfurt Deutschland
| | - Jürgen Scholz
- FH MünsterFachbereich Maschinenbau Stegerwaldstraße 39 48565 Steinfurt Deutschland
| | - Uwe Janoske
- Bergische Universität WuppertalFakultät für Maschinenbau und Sicherheitstechnik Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Deutschland
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11
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Representative Sampling Implementation in Online VFA/TIC Monitoring for Anaerobic Digestion. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an automatic sampling system for anaerobic reactors that allows taking representative samples following the guidelines of Gy’s (1998) theory of sampling. Due to the high heterogeneity degree in a digester the sampling errors are larger than the analysis error, making representative sampling a prerequisite for successful process control. In our system, samples are automatically processed, generating a higher density of data and avoiding human error by sample manipulation. The combination of a representative sampling system with a commercial automate titration unit generates a robust online monitoring system for biogas plants. The system was successfully implemented in an operating biogas plant to control a feeding-on-demand biogas system.
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12
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Ravi PP, Merkle W, Tuczinski M, Saravia F, Horn H, Lemmer A. Integration of membrane filtration in two-stage anaerobic digestion system: Specific methane yield potentials of hydrolysate and permeate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:138-144. [PMID: 30580235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-stage biogas systems consisting of a CSTR-acidification reactor (AR) and an anaerobic filter (AF) were frequently described for microbial conversion of food and agricultural wastes to biogas. The aim of this study is to investigate the integration of a membrane filtration step in two-stage systems to remove inert particles from hydrolysate produced in AR in order to increase the efficiency of the subsequent AF. Hydrolysates from vegetable waste (VW) and grass/maize silage (G/M) were treated in cross-flow ceramic membrane filtration system (pore size 0.2 µm). Organic acids were extracted efficiently through filtration of hydrolysate. For both the substrates, membrane permeability was stable and high (46.6-49.3 L m-2 h-1 bar-1). Filtration process effectively improved the specific methane yield of permeate by 40% (VW) and 24.5% (G/M) compared to hydrolysate. It could be shown that, the filtration-step increased hydrolysate's degradability, which lead to higher conversion efficiency in the following AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Priya Ravi
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Merkle
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marc Tuczinski
- DVGW - Research Center at the Engler-Bunte-Institute of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florencia Saravia
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institute, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- DVGW - Research Center at the Engler-Bunte-Institute of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institute, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Kariyama ID, Zhai X, Wu B. Influence of mixing on anaerobic digestion efficiency in stirred tank digesters: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:503-517. [PMID: 29990745 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive review was carried out on the influence of mixing on anaerobic digestion (AD) efficiency in stirred tank anaerobic digesters. Though traditionally, stirred tank digesters operated as continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs), this review revealed that there is no motivation to continue to operate stirred tank anaerobic digesters as CSTRs if AD energy efficiency is to be improved. AD energy production efficiency can be achieved with optimized intermittent mixing. AD efficiency should include an assessment of the net energy production efficiency and should be the criteria in determining the mixing mode, mixing intensity, mixing time and mixing interval for every anaerobic digestion operating plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Denka Kariyama
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhai
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Binxin Wu
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, China.
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14
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Annas S, Jantzen HA, Scholz J, Janoske U. A Scale-up Strategy for the Fluid Flow in Biogas Plants. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Annas
- FH Münster, University of Applied Sciences; Fachbereich Maschinenbau; Stegerwaldstrasse 39 48565 Steinfurt Germany
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Fakultät für Maschinenbau und Sicherheitstechnik; Gauss-Strasse 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Hans-Arno Jantzen
- FH Münster, University of Applied Sciences; Fachbereich Maschinenbau; Stegerwaldstrasse 39 48565 Steinfurt Germany
| | - Jürgen Scholz
- FH Münster, University of Applied Sciences; Fachbereich Maschinenbau; Stegerwaldstrasse 39 48565 Steinfurt Germany
| | - Uwe Janoske
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Fakultät für Maschinenbau und Sicherheitstechnik; Gauss-Strasse 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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15
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Bierer B, Nägele HJ, Perez AO, Wöllenstein J, Kress P, Lemmer A, Palzer S. Real-Time Gas Quality Data for On-Demand Production of Biogas. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bierer
- University of Freiburg; Laboratory for Gas Sensors; Department of Microsystems Engineering; Georges-Köhler Allee 102 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Nägele
- University of Hohenheim; State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy; Garbenstrasse 9 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Alvaro Ortiz Perez
- University of Freiburg; Laboratory for Gas Sensors; Department of Microsystems Engineering; Georges-Köhler Allee 102 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Wöllenstein
- University of Freiburg; Laboratory for Gas Sensors; Department of Microsystems Engineering; Georges-Köhler Allee 102 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques (IPM); Heidenhofstrasse 8 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Philipp Kress
- University of Hohenheim; State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy; Garbenstrasse 9 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- University of Hohenheim; State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy; Garbenstrasse 9 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Stefan Palzer
- Autonomous University of Madrid; Department of Computer Science; c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 11 28049 Madrid Spain
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16
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Awiszus S, Meissner K, Reyer S, Müller J. Ammonia and methane emissions during drying of dewatered biogas digestate in a two-belt conveyor dryer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:419-425. [PMID: 28963990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to identify type and amount of emissions during the drying of biogas digestate in a two-belt conveyor dryer at different temperature settings and to investigate the effect on its nutrient content. Furthermore, the possibility of recovering nitrogen from the exhaust air was investigated. Emissions of CH4, CO2 and NH3 were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biogas is mainly composed of CH4 and CO2, hence gas release from the digestate during drying was expected to increase the concentration of these components. Although CO2 concentration was elevated above the background concentration, CH4 did not exceed the background concentration. Maximum NH3 concentration of 183.3mg·m-3 was detected during drying. A NH3 concentration of 10.8mg·m-3 was measured in the exhaust air of the ammonia scrubber, which is equal to a NH3 reduction rate of 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Awiszus
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - K Meissner
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Reyer
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Ravi PP, Lindner J, Oechsner H, Lemmer A. Effects of target pH-value on organic acids and methane production in two-stage anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:96-102. [PMID: 28946100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable waste is one of the major organic residues available for sustainable bioenergy production. The aim of this work is to study the influence of pH-value on process stability, hydrolysis, degradation degree and methane production in two-stage anaerobic system. A mixture of vegetable wastes with carrot mousse, carrots, celery, cabbage and potatoes was treated in two-stage system at target pH-values 5.5 and 6 in acidification reactor (AR). At pH 6, high concentrations of organic acids were recorded whereas high amount of hydrolysate was produced at pH 5.5. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the hydrolysate produced in AR was 21.85% higher at pH 6 compared to pH 5.5, whereas the overall specific methane yield was slightly higher at pH 5.5 (354.35±31.95 and 326.79±41.42Lkg-1 oDMadded, respectively). It could be shown, that the described two-stage system is well suited for manure-free digestion of vegetable waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Priya Ravi
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jonas Lindner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Kress P, Nägele HJ, Oechsner H, Ruile S. Effect of agitation time on nutrient distribution in full-scale CSTR biogas digesters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:1-6. [PMID: 28942207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the impact of reduced mixing time in a full-scale CSTR biogas reactor from 10 to 5 and to 2min in half an hour on the distribution of DM, acetic acid and FOS/TAC as a measure to cut electricity consumption. The parameters in the digestate were unevenly distributed with the highest concentration measured at the point of feeding. By reducing mixing time, the FOS/TAC value increases by 16.6%. A reduced mixing time of 2min lead to an accumulation of 15% biogas in the digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kress
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Nägele
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruile
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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Provolo G, Perazzolo F, Mattachini G, Finzi A, Naldi E, Riva E. Nitrogen removal from digested slurries using a simplified ammonia stripping technique. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 69:154-161. [PMID: 28801215 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed a novel technique for removing nitrogen from digested organic waste based on a slow release of ammonia that was promoted by continuous mixing of the digestate and delivering a continuous air stream across the surface of the liquid. Three 10-day experiments were conducted using two 50-L reactors. In the first two, nitrogen removal efficiencies were evaluated from identical digestates maintained at different temperatures (30°C and 40°C). At the start of the first experiment, the digestates were adjusted to pH 9 using sodium hydroxide, while in the second experiment pH was not adjusted. The highest ammonia removal efficiency (87%) was obtained at 40°C with pH adjustment. However at 40°C without pH adjustment, removal efficiencies of 69% for ammonia and 47% for total nitrogen were obtained. In the third experiment two different digestates were tested at 50°C without pH adjustment. Although the initial chemical characteristics of the digestates were different in this experiment, the ammonia removal efficiencies were very similar (approximately 85%). Despite ammonia removal, the pH increased in all experiments, most likely due to carbon dioxide stripping that was promoted by temperature and mixing. The technique proved to be suitable for removing nitrogen following anaerobic digestion of livestock manure because effective removal was obtained at natural pH (≈8) and 40°C, common operating conditions at typical biogas plants that process manure. Furthermore, the electrical energy requirement to operate the process is limited (estimated to be 3.8kWhm-3digestate). Further improvements may increase the efficiency and reduce the processing time of this treatment technique. Even without these advances slow-rate air stripping of ammonia is a viable option for reducing the environmental impact associated with animal manure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Provolo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Perazzolo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Mattachini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alberto Finzi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ezio Naldi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Riva
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Trad Z, Vial C, Fontaine JP, Larroche C. Mixing and liquid-to-gas mass transfer under digester operating conditions. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wiedemann L, Conti F, Janus T, Sonnleitner M, Zörner W, Goldbrunner M. Mixing in Biogas Digesters and Development of an Artificial Substrate for Laboratory-Scale Mixing Optimization. Chem Eng Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tsapekos P, Kougias PG, Frison A, Raga R, Angelidaki I. Improving methane production from digested manure biofibers by mechanical and thermal alkaline pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:545-552. [PMID: 27268439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal manure digestion is associated with limited methane production, due to the high content in fibers, which are hardly degradable lignocellulosic compounds. In this study, different mechanical and thermal alkaline pretreatment methods were applied to partially degradable fibers, separated from the effluent stream of biogas reactors. Batch and continuous experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of these pretreatments. In batch experiments, the mechanical pretreatment improved the degradability up to 45%. Even higher efficiency was shown by applying thermal alkaline pretreatments, enhancing fibers degradability by more than 4-fold. In continuous experiments, the thermal alkaline pretreatment, using 6% NaOH at 55°C was proven to be the most efficient pretreatment method as the methane production was increased by 26%. The findings demonstrated that the methane production of the biogas plants can be increased by further exploiting the fraction of the digested manure fibers which are discarded in the post-storage tank.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tsapekos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - A Frison
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark; DII Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Raga
- DII Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - I Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Bravo-Fritz CP, Sáez-Navarrete CA, Herrera-Zeppelin LA, Varas-Concha F. Multi-scenario energy-economic evaluation for a biorefinery based on microalgae biomass with application of anaerobic digestion. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mauky E, Weinrich S, Nägele HJ, Jacobi HF, Liebetrau J, Nelles M. Model Predictive Control for Demand-Driven Biogas Production in Full Scale. Chem Eng Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mönch-Tegeder M, Lemmer A, Hinrichs J, Oechsner H. Development of an in-line process viscometer for the full-scale biogas process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 178:278-284. [PMID: 25190297 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An in-line viscometer was developed to determine the rheological properties of biogas slurries at a full-scale biogas plant. This type of viscometer allows the investigation of flow characteristics without additional pretreatment and has many advantageous aspects in contrast to the rotational viscometer. Various effects were studied: alterations in the feedstock structure, increasing total solid (TS) of the slurry and the disintegration of the feedstock on the rheological properties. The results indicate that the Power-Law model is sufficient for the description of the flow curve of biogas slurries. Furthermore, the use of more fibrous materials increases in viscosity. The increase in TS of 10.1-15.1% resulted in a sharp increase of the viscosity. The mechanical disintegration of the feedstock positively influenced the rheological properties, but the effects were more apparent at higher TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mönch-Tegeder
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Hinrichs
- University of Hohenheim, Dairy Science and Technology, Garbenstraße 21, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Lindner J, Zielonka S, Oechsner H, Lemmer A. Effects of mechanical treatment of digestate after anaerobic digestion on the degree of degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 178:194-200. [PMID: 25451773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to increase the biogas production from different substrates by applying a mechanical treatment only to the non-degraded digestate after the fermentation process in order to feed it back into the process. To evaluate this approach, digestates were grounded with a ball mill for four different treatment time periods (0, 2, 5, 10 min) and then the effects on the particle size, volatile organic substances, methane yield and degradation kinetic were measured. A decrease of volatile fatty acids based on this treatment was not detected. The mechanical treatment caused in maximum to a triplication of the methane yield and to a quadruplicating of the daily methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Simon Zielonka
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Naegele HJ, Mönch-Tegeder M, Haag NL, Oechsner H. Effect of substrate pretreatment on particle size distribution in a full-scale research biogas plant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:396-402. [PMID: 25308908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the pretreatment effects of high-fibre substrate on particle size distribution in a full-scale agricultural biogas plant (BGP). Two digesters, one fed with pretreated material and one with untreated material, were investigated for a period of 90days. Samples from different positions and heights were taken with a special probe sampling system and put through a wet sieve. The results show that on average 58.0±8.6% of the particles in both digesters are fine fraction (<0.063mm). A higher amount of particles (13.1%) with a length >4mm was measured in the untreated digester. However, the volume distribution over all positions and heights did not show a clear and uniform distribution of particles. These results reveal that substrate pretreatment has an effect on particle size in the fermenting substrate, but due to the uneven distribution mixing, is not homogeneous within the digester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Naegele
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstrasse 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Matthias Mönch-Tegeder
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstrasse 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Nicola Leonard Haag
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstrasse 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Hans Oechsner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstrasse 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
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