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Ruidas D, Pal SC, Saha A, Chowdhuri I, Shit M. Hydrogeochemical characterization based water resources vulnerability assessment in India's first Ramsar site of Chilka lake. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114107. [PMID: 36103734 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A limnological site is significantly characterized by rich biological, chemical, and physical properties of the environment and is also described as the epitome of a large aquatic ecosystem. During the last few decades, the Chilka lake Ramsar site has experienced substantial degradation of water quality with associated deterioration of aquatic biodiversity. Our study aims to quantify the VWRM of the Chilka lake Ramsar region using the most reliable MLAs, namely ANN and RF, with the help of seventeen hydro-chemical properties of lake water. The produced map is validated through six validating measures (ROC-AUC- 0.89, Sensitivity-0.90, Specificity-0.78, PPV-0.78, NPV-0.88, Taylor diagram (r)-0.94), which depict that ANN is the most reliable ML algorithm in assessing the VWRM of the concerned region followed by RF. The prepared map of our study revealed that the eastern part was remarkably high to very high vulnerable zone covered area with 22.41 % and 7.19 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Ruidas
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Asish Saha
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Indrajit Chowdhuri
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Manisa Shit
- Department of Geography, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
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Onipe T, Edokpayi JN, Odiyo JO. Geochemical characterization and assessment of fluoride sources in groundwater of Siloam area, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14000. [PMID: 34234224 PMCID: PMC8263625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Siloam’s groundwater is reportedly characterized by high fluoride. In response to the reported high incidence of dental fluorosis in the area, sources of elevated fluoride in the groundwater were investigated. Total fluoride (TF) was determined using Ion Chromatograph and Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode. The mineral composition of rocks and soils were determined using X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Results revealed that groundwater fluoride concentration ranged from 3.92 to 4.95 mg/L. Na-Cl water type was found to be dominant in the water samples. TF content of the rocks and soils ranged from 10 to 2000 mg/L. Leachates were obtained by making a slurry from the samples at a predetermined temperature and time. TF in leachates ranged between 0.27 and 14.88 mg/L and 0.05 to 10.40 mg/L at induced, and non-induced temperatures, respectively. The possible source of fluoride has been previously inferred to be caused by fluorite minerals occurring at greater depth. However, this study proves that fluoride decreases with depth and the elevated fluoride in the groundwater is caused by smectite-kaolinite clay, muscovite and chlorite minerals abundant in the area. Geothermal temperature exhibited by the groundwater in the area is a major factor enhancing the release of fluoride from the clay materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobiloba Onipe
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Private bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Joshua N Edokpayi
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Private bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
| | - John O Odiyo
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Private bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.,DVC: RICl, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbiljpark, South Africa
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Madilonga RT, Edokpayi JN, Volenzo ET, Durowoju OS, Odiyo JO. Water Quality Assessment and Evaluation of Human Health Risk in Mutangwi River, Limpopo Province, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136765. [PMID: 34202418 PMCID: PMC8296923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater supply is essential to life on Earth; however, land use activities such as mining and agriculture pose a significant danger to freshwater resources and the wellbeing of aquatic environments. This study temporarily assesses the water quality characteristics of Mutangwi River. Physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), and turbidity) were determined in situ using an Extech multimeter and turbidity meter. The concentration of the selected metals (Mg, Cr, Fe, Cd, Mn, Pb, Ca, and Na) were analysed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Membrane filtration method was used to analyse microbiological parameters (Escherichia coli and Enterococci). The physicochemical water quality parameters as well as basic anions (fluoride, phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride) determined complied with the regulatory guideline of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the South Africa National Standards (SANS). Some of the trace metals (Mn, Ca, Fe, and Mg) were found below the guideline values, while others (Pb and Cd) exceeded the threshold limit. The counts for E. coli (814.5-2169 cfu/100 mL) and Enterococci (333-9396 cfu/100 mL) in the study did not comply with the regulatory guidelines. The water quality status using the water quality index (WQI) indicated that on the average, the water quality from Mutangwi River is poor (WQI > 100). The hazard quotient through ingestion exposure did not exceed the threshold limit of 1, for adults and children. This implies that there is no potential non-carcinogenic health risk from trace elements via ingestion of drinking water for children and adults. However, cancer risk for adults and children was computed in relation to Cd and Pb levels and exceeded the threshold limit 10-4, indicating a possible carcinogenic risk. Water from the river should be adequately treated prior to domestic and agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofhiwa T. Madilonga
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.T.M.); (E.T.V.); (O.S.D.); (J.O.O.)
| | - Joshua N. Edokpayi
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.T.M.); (E.T.V.); (O.S.D.); (J.O.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elijah T. Volenzo
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.T.M.); (E.T.V.); (O.S.D.); (J.O.O.)
| | - Olatunde S. Durowoju
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.T.M.); (E.T.V.); (O.S.D.); (J.O.O.)
| | - John O. Odiyo
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.T.M.); (E.T.V.); (O.S.D.); (J.O.O.)
- Office of the DVC Research Innovation Commercialization and Internationalization (RICI), Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
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Gupta S, Gupta SK. Development and evaluation of an innovative Enhanced River Pollution Index model for holistic monitoring and management of river water quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27033-27046. [PMID: 33502708 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conceptualized to develop the Enhanced River Pollution Index (ERPI) model. The ERPI model was used to evaluate the river water quality (RWQ) for its beneficial usage, i.e., drinking with (DCD) and without (DD) conventional treatment, outdoor-bathing (OB), wildlife and fisheries (WF), and industrial and irrigation (IIW). The adequacy of multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector regression (SVR) models was also investigated to predict the ERPI for estimating the RWQ. The accuracy of the MLR and SVR models was tested by using the statistical parameters, i.e., root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and mean absolute error (MAE). The results revealed that the MLR models performed well (RMSE = 0.004 ± 0.0043, R2 = 0.998 ± 0.001, and MAE = 0.002 ± 0.003) for the DD, DCD, and OB. However, the SVR models estimated the RWQ more accurately (RMSE = 0.041 ± 0.001, R2 = 0.962 ± 0.010, and MAE = 0.026 ± 0.002) than the MLR models for WF and IIW. Moreover, this study disclosed that the RWQ was not excellent for DD, OB, and DCD. However, the RWQ was categorized from excellent to poor classes for WF, while it was suitable for IIW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyog Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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Edokpayi JN, Odiyo JO, Popoola OE, Msagati TA. Evaluation of contaminants removal by waste stabilization ponds: A case study of Siloam WSPs in Vhembe District, South Africa. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06207. [PMID: 33644475 PMCID: PMC7895727 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are widely used for wastewater management owing to the simplicity of their design, low cost and the use of low-skilled operators. This study was carried out to assess the efficiency of a WSP system in reducing the levels of contaminants in hospital wastewater in a rural area of South Africa and to evaluate the current management of the WSP system. Sampling was conducted monthly from January to June 2014. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were monitored using standard methods. The microbiological parameters (Escherichia coli and enterococci) in the effluent were higher than those in the influent in some sampling months. Also, low pathogen removal efficiency (<1 log reduction) was recorded. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent (82-200 mg/L) exceeded the South African Department of Water Affairs for wastewater discharge guideline value of 75 mg/L although reduction efficiencies of 7.7%, 49.1% and 31.1% were observed for the months of February, April and June, respectively. The WSP system did not show a general trend of contaminant reduction except for Zn (5.5-94.8%). The Siloam WSP is not functioning properly and is releasing effluent of poor quality into the receiving river. It is recommended that the WSP system be expanded to cater for the extra load of wastewater it receives, also desludging should be performed as recommended for such systems. Continuous monitoring of the system for compliance to regulatory guideline should be routinely performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N. Edokpayi
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - John O. Odiyo
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | | | - Titus A.M. Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, University of South Africa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, UNISA Science Campus, 1710, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bayatvarkeshi M, Imteaz MA, Kisi O, Zarei M, Yaseen ZM. Application of M5 model tree optimized with Excel Solver Platform for water quality parameter estimation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7347-7364. [PMID: 33033926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high cost and time for determining water quality parameters justify the importance of application of mathematical models in discovering connection among them. This paper presents a data mining technique and its improved version in estimating water quality parameters. For this purpose, the surface and ground water quality data from Hamedan (Iran) between 2006 and 2015 were analyzed using M5 model tree and its modified version optimized with Excel Solver Platform (ESP). The values of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and total hardness (TH) were considered as target variables, whereas pH, concentrations of sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), bicarbonate (HCO3), sulfate (SO4), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) were as inputs. The results showed that in both the sources, pH was the least influential parameter on EC, TDS, SAR, and TH. It was found that among the objective parameters, the accuracy of models in estimating TH was higher than the other parameters, whereas SAR was a complex variable. The comparison of performances of the M5 and the M5-ESP models illustrated that the application of the ESP significantly decreased the normal root mean error (NRMSE) of the M5 model; the mean NRMSEs were decreased by 18.95% and 20.29% in estimating groundwater and surface water quality parameters, respectively. Moreover, ability of both the M5 and the M5-ESP models in computing objective parameters of the groundwater was found to be better than the surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monzur Alam Imteaz
- Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Ozgur Kisi
- Civil Engineering Department, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Institute of Research and Development , Duy Tan University , 550000, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Mahtab Zarei
- Department of Soil Science, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Sustainable Developments in Civil Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Ighalo JO, Adeniyi AG. A comprehensive review of water quality monitoring and assessment in Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127569. [PMID: 32688315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nigeria is the most populated black nation in the world with about 199 million people. About 66.3 million Nigerians do not have access to safe drinking water. In this study, research findings on water quality monitoring and assessment in Nigeria over the past two decades were systematically reviewed. There are still grave enforcement issues in Nigeria as quality guidelines are still being contravened at no cost to the infringer due to the corrupt socio-political circumstances of the country. The quality of surface water, groundwater, rainwater and commercially available water was discussed in line with their pollution sources. The quality of surface water was generally poor. Groundwater pollution has come due to landfill leachate, oil and gas exploration and production, sewage and hydrogeological interactions of the groundwater with the base rock. The hydrogeological effect has led to the observation of lead and barium in groundwater in many locations across the country. The main issue with rainwater in Nigeria is the low pH but it was observed to be fairly clean. Commercially available water (bottled or sachet) is currently the best source of drinking water for the Nigerian populace. Bottled water quality is higher than for sachet water and the latter largely influenced by microbe contamination. Future perspectives in water quality monitoring and assessment are suggested in the evaluation of emerging contaminants and micro-pollutants and the utilisation of internet-enabled technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Nigeria.
| | - Adewale George Adeniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Nigeria.
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Rurbanization—Making the City Greener: Young Citizen Implication and Future Actions. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
City life has become the norm for most of the global population and building sustainable cities is a growing trend, together with an increased focus on healthier lifestyles in urban settings. Given this framework, the concept of ‘rurbanization’ is gaining momentum as more and more people are interested in bringing natural green spaces within the urban setting. For this purpose, a research (online survey on a sample of 500 respondents) was developed to discover youths’ perceptions on what a sustainable city means, their perspectives on the urbanization problems, and willingness to take action towards improving the green aspects of their urban life. Results revealed that sustainable life perception vary a lot across the young generation, but opinions on what are the city life issues tend to converge to similar points, such as air quality, disconnection with nature, greenhouse effect, urban heat islands, and water quality. When it comes to rurbanization solutions for a greener urban life, young people lean more towards individual solutions, be it an easy and short-term one, such as endowing their home with more green plants, or a more drastic one, such as moving altogether from the city area towards greener locations. Results were also used in designing a conceptual model for actions towards rurbanization.
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Onipe T, Edokpayi JN, Odiyo JO. A review on the potential sources and health implications of fluoride in groundwater of Sub-Saharan Africa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:1078-1093. [PMID: 32525728 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1770516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a major source of drinking water for millions of people around the world. Over 400 million people in Africa depend solely on it as their main source of water supply. Fluoride is a common contaminant in groundwater. In low concentration (0.5-1.0 mg/L), fluoride is needed by humans for healthy development of bones and teeth, however, a concentration >1.5 mg/L has been linked with several fluorosis and non-fluorosis diseases. Dental and skeletal fluorosis are the major fluorosis diseases commonly reported with the consumption of fluoride-rich water. Although fluoride intake through other pathways such as the drinking of tea and eating of vegetables have been reported, the drinking of fluoride-rich water remains the major pathway of fluoride into humans. Cases of high fluoride levels in groundwater have been reported in almost all the sub-Saharan Africa region but it is more prevalent in East African countries, Sudan and South Africa. Although fluoride is present in surface water mostly in the East African Rift Valley across different countries in East Africa, its significant or high levels are usually associated with groundwater. Geogenic sources such as fluorite, apatite, biotite, amphibole, micas, topaz, cryolite, muscovite and fluorspar have been identified as the major sources of fluoride in groundwater. High fluoride levels have been reported across sub Saharan Africa, with generally higher levels in East Africa resulting from the volcanic activities in the rift system. Dental fluorosis has been reported in many sub-Saharan African countries including South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana and Malawi. Geothermal temperature has been regarded as one of the driving forces for high fluoride levels recorded in groundwater from deep aquifers and geothermal springs. The most affected people with the consumption of fluoride-rich water are the poor with low socioeconomic status who live in rural areas. Some of the proposed alternative sources include rainwater and fog water harvesting and blending of water from various sources. Low-cost and sustainable deflouridation technique remains one of the best ways to treat fluoride contaminated water either at communal level or at the point-of-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobiloba Onipe
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Joshua N Edokpayi
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - John O Odiyo
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Use of Heavy Metal Content and Modified Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Area. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater is a major source of drinking and agricultural water supply in arid and semiarid regions. Poor groundwater quality can be a threat to human health especially when it is combined with hazardous pollutants like heavy metals. In this study, an innovative method involving entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content was used for a semiarid region. The entropy weighted index was used to assess the groundwater’s suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thus, groundwater from 19 sampling sites was used for analyses of physicochemical properties (electrical conductivity—EC, pH, K+, Ca2+, Na+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, TDS, NO3−, F−, biochemical oxygen demand—BOD, dissolved oxygen—DO, and chemical oxygen demand—COD) and heavy metal content (As, Ca, Sb, Se, Zn, Cu, Ba, Mn, and Cr). To evaluate the overall pollution status in the region, heavy metal indices such as the modified heavy metal pollution index (m-HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), Nemerow index (NeI), and ecological risks of heavy metals (ERI) were calculated and compared. The results showed that Cd concentration plays a significant role in negatively affecting the groundwater quality. Thus, three wells were classified as poor water quality and not acceptable for drinking water supply. The maximum concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Se, and Sb was higher than permissible limits by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. However, all wells except one were suitable for agricultural purposes. The advantage of the innovative entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content, is that it permits objectivity when selecting the weights and reduces the error that may be caused by subjectivity. Thus, the new index can be used by groundwater managers and policymakers to better decide the water’s suitability for consumption.
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Lan S, Lu Y, Zhang J, Guo Y, Li C, Zhao S, Sheng X, Dong A. Electrospun Sesbania Gum-Based Polymeric N-Halamines for Antibacterial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1117. [PMID: 31266230 PMCID: PMC6680915 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganism pollution induced by pathogens has become a serious concern in recent years. In response, research on antibacterial N-halamines has made impressive progress in developing ways to combat this pollution. While synthetic polymer-based N-halamines have been widely developed and in some cases even commercialized, N-halamines based on naturally occurring polymers remain underexplored. In this contribution, we report for the first time on a strategy for developing sesbania gum (SG)-based polymeric N-halamines by a four-step approach Using SG as the initial polymer, we obtained SG-based polymeric N-halamines (abbreviated as cSG-PAN nanofibers) via a step-by-step controllable synthesis process. With the assistance of advanced techniques, the as-synthesized cSG-PAN nanofibers were systematically characterized in terms of their chemical composition and morphology. In a series of antibacterial and cytotoxicity evaluations, the as-obtained cSG-PAN nanofibers displayed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as low cytotoxicity towards A549 cells. We believe this study offers a guide for developing naturally occurring polymer-based antibacterial N-halamines that have great potential for antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Lan
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yaning Lu
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xianliang Sheng
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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