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Phan NT, Joshi NK, Rajotte EG, Zhu F, Peter KA, López-Uribe MM, Biddinger DJ. Systemic pesticides in a solitary bee pollen food store affect larval development and increase pupal mortality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170048. [PMID: 38218472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Solitary bees are often exposed to various pesticides applied for pest control on farmland while providing pollination services to food crops. Increasing evidence suggests that sublethal toxicity of agricultural pesticides affects solitary bees differently than the social bees used to determine regulatory thresholds, such as honey bees and bumblebees. Studies on solitary bees are challenging because of the difficulties in obtaining large numbers of eggs or young larvae for bioassays. Here we show the toxic and sublethal developmental effects of four widely used plant systemic pesticides on the Japanese orchard bee (Osmia cornifrons). Pollen food stores of this solitary bee were treated with different concentrations of three insecticides (acetamiprid, flonicamid, and sulfoxaflor) and a fungicide (dodine). Eggs were transplanted to the treated pollen and larvae were allowed to feed on the pollen stores after egg hatch. The effects of chronic ingestion of contaminated pollen were measured until adult eclosion. This year-long study revealed that chronic exposure to all tested pesticides delayed larval development and lowered larval and adult body weights. Additionally, exposure to the systemic fungicide resulted in abnormal larval defecation and increased mortality at the pupal stage, indicating potential risk to bees from fungicide exposure. These findings demonstrate potential threats to solitary bees from systemic insecticides and fungicides and will help in making policy decisions to mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc T Phan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Research Center for Tropical Bees and Beekeeping, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Neelendra K Joshi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Edwin G Rajotte
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kari A Peter
- Penn State Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA, USA
| | | | - David J Biddinger
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Penn State Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA, USA
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Xiao X, Haas J, Nauen R. Functional orthologs of honeybee CYP6AQ1 in stingless bees degrade the butenolide insecticide flupyradifurone. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115719. [PMID: 37992638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Flupyradifurone (FPF), a novel butenolide insecticide binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), has been shown to be less acutely toxic to western honey bees (Apis mellifera) than other insecticides such as neonicotinoids sharing the same target-site. A previous study revealed that this is due to enhanced oxidative metabolism of FPF, mediated by three cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), including CYP6AQ1. Therefore, we followed a toxicogenomics approach and investigated the potential role of functional CYP6AQ1 orthologs in FPF metabolism from eight different bee species, including stingless bees (Tribe: Meliponini). We conducted a phylogenetic analysis on four stingless bee species, including Frieseomelitta varia, Heterotrigona itama, Melipona quadrifasciata and Tetragonula carbonaria to identify CYP6AQ1-like functional orthologs. Three non-Meliponini, but tropical bee species, i.e., Ammobates syriacus, Euglossa dilemma and Megalopta genalis were analyzed as well. We identified candidate P450s in all (neo)tropical species with greater than 61% and 67% predicted protein sequence identities when compared to A. mellifera CYP6AQ1 and Bombus terrestris CYP6AQ26, respectively. Heterologous expression in High Five insect cells of these functional orthologs revealed a common coumarin substrate profile and a preference for the O-debenzylation of bulkier substrates. Competition assays using the fluorescent probe substrate 7-benzyloxymethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (BOMFC) with these enzymes indicated inhibition of BOMFC metabolism by increasing concentrations of FPF. Furthermore, UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the capacity of all CYP6AQ1-like orthologs to metabolize FPF by hydroxylation in vitro at various levels, indicating a conserved FPF detoxification potential in different (neo)tropical bee species including Meliponini. This research, employing a toxicogenomics approach, provides important insights into the potential of stingless and other tropical bee species to detoxify FPF, and highlights the significance of investigating the detoxification mechanisms of insecticides in non-Apis bee species by molecular tools to inform risk assessment and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Xiao
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Julian Haas
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, D-40789 Monheim, Germany.
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Zhang F, Cao W, Zhang Y, Luo J, Hou J, Chen L, Yi G, Li H, Huang M, Dong L, Li X. S-dinotefuran affects the social behavior of honeybees (Apis mellifera)and increases their risk in the colony. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105594. [PMID: 37945244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on honeybees is a global concern, whereas little is known about the effect of stereoisomeric pesticides among honeybee social behavior. In this study, we investigated the effects of stereoisomeric dinotefuran on honeybee social behavior. We found that honeybees exhibit a preference for consuming food containing S-dinotefuran, actively engage in trophallaxis with S-dinotefuran-consuming peers, and consequently acquire higher levels of S-dinotefuran compared with R-dinotefuran. In comparison to R-dinotefuran, S-dinotefuran stimulates honeybees to elevate their body temperature, thereby attracting more peers for trophallaxis. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant enrichment of thermogenesis pathways due to S-dinotefuran exposure. Additionally, metabolome data indicated that S-dinotefuran may enhance body temperature by promoting lipid synthesis in the lysine degradation pathway. Consequently, body temperature emerges as a key factor influencing honeybee social behavior. Our study is the first to highlight the propensity of S-dinotefuran to raise honeybee body temperature, which prompts honeybee to preferentially engage in trophallaxis with peers exhibiting higher body temperatures. This preference may lead honeybees to collect more dinotefuran-contaminated food in the wild, significantly accelerating dinotefuran transmission within a population. Proactive trophallaxis further amplifies the risk of neonicotinoid pesticide transmission within a population, making honeybees that have consumed S-dinotefuran particularly favored within their colonies. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the higher risk associated with neonicotinoid use compared with other pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yongheng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jiangan Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lichao Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Mingfeng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Linxi Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Kline O, Phan NT, Porras MF, Chavana J, Little CZ, Stemet L, Acharya RS, Biddinger DJ, Reddy GVP, Rajotte EG, Joshi NK. Biology, Genetic Diversity, and Conservation of Wild Bees in Tree Fruit Orchards. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:31. [PMID: 36671724 PMCID: PMC9854918 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Different species of bees provide essential ecosystem services by pollinating various agricultural crops, including tree fruits. Many fruits and nuts depend on insect pollination, primarily by wild and managed bees. In different geographical regions where orchard crops are grown, fruit growers rely on wild bees in the farmscape and use orchard bees as alternative pollinators. Orchard crops such as apples, pears, plums, apricots, etc., are mass-flowering crops and attract many different bee species during their bloom period. Many bee species found in orchards emerge from overwintering as the fruit trees start flowering in spring, and the active duration of these bees aligns very closely with the blooming time of fruit trees. In addition, most of the bees in orchards are short-range foragers and tend to stay close to the fruit crops. However, the importance of orchard bee communities is not well understood, and many challenges in maintaining their populations remain. This comprehensive review paper summarizes the different types of bees commonly found in tree fruit orchards in the fruit-growing regions of the United States, their bio-ecology, and genetic diversity. Additionally, recommendations for the management of orchard bees, different strategies for protecting them from multiple stressors, and providing suitable on-farm nesting and floral resource habitats for propagation and conservation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Kline
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ngoc T. Phan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Research Center for Tropical Bees and Beekeeping, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Mitzy F. Porras
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Joshua Chavana
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Coleman Z. Little
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035, USA
| | - Lilia Stemet
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Roshani S. Acharya
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - David J. Biddinger
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Penn State Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA 17307, USA
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- USDA-ARS-Southern Insect Management Research Unite, 141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Edwin G. Rajotte
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Neelendra K. Joshi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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