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Shen H, Li J, Chen L, Guo X. Insights into multiscale structure and digestive characteristic of starch from two cultivars of chestnut during kernel development. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131978. [PMID: 38692537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiscale structure and digestive characteristic of starch during kernel development of Castanea henryi ('Jinzhui' (YS) and 'Baiyan No.1' (WS)) were investigated in this study. Structural analysis revealed that the surface of starch granules became smooth, the amylopectin content decreased (from 71.32 % to 70.47 %, from 71.44 % to 68.37 %, respectively), the chain length distribution of amylopectin reduced (the proportion of B1 chain decreased from 52.35 % to 50.60 %, from 52.22 % to 50.59 %, respectively) while the amorphous and semi-crystalline lamellae of starch increased during development, which was consistent with the decreasing relative crystallinity (from 28.79 % to 24.11 %, from 29.57 % to 23.66 %, respectively) and short-range ordering degree. The degradation of ordered structure further resulted in the increase of digestibility, especially in the late developmental stage, supported by a significant decrease of resistant starch content (from 70.21 % to 61.70 % and from 73.58 % to 58.86 %, respectively). Transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR were performed to explore the possible molecular mechanisms affecting starch structure. The high expression of several key genes including AGPase, GBSS, SBE, SSS, ISA and PUL in late development stage might be the reason of structural changes during development. The results provided valuable information for starch accumulation during kernel development of Castanea henryi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Shen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Wu J, Wang X, Bian L, Li Z, Jiang X, Shi F, Tang F, Zhang Z. Starch and sucrose metabolism plays an important role in the stem development in Medicago sativa. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24073. [PMID: 38739736 DOI: 10.1071/fp24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The forage quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa ) stems is greater than the leaves. Sucrose hydrolysis provides energy for stem development, with starch being enzymatically converted into sucrose to maintain energy homeostasis. To understand the physiological and molecular networks controlling stem development, morphological characteristics and transcriptome profiles in the stems of two alfalfa cultivars (Zhungeer and WL168) were investigated. Based on transcriptome data, we analysed starch and sugar contents, and enzyme activity related to starch-sugar interconversion. Zhungeer stems were shorter and sturdier than WL168, resulting in significantly higher mechanical strength. Transcriptome analysis showed that starch and sucrose metabolism were significant enriched in the differentially expressed genes of stems development in both cultivars. Genes encoding INV , bglX , HK , TPS and glgC downregulated with the development of stems, while the gene encoding was AMY upregulated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the gene encoding glgC was pivotal in determining the variations in starch and sucrose contents between the two cultivars. Soluble carbohydrate, sucrose, and starch content of WL168 were higher than Zhungeer. Enzyme activities related to sucrose synthesis and hydrolysis (INV, bglX, HK, TPS) showed a downward trend. The change trend of enzyme activity was consistent with gene expression. WL168 stems had higher carbohydrate content than Zhungeer, which accounted for more rapid growth and taller plants. WL168 formed hollow stems were formed during rapid growth, which may be related to the redistribution of carbohydrates in the pith tissue. These results indicated that starch and sucrose metabolism play important roles in the stem development in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jierui Wu
- Technology Engineering Center of Drought and Cold-Resistant Grass Breeding in North of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Technology Engineering Center of Drought and Cold-Resistant Grass Breeding in North of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Bian
- Technology Engineering Center of Drought and Cold-Resistant Grass Breeding in North of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhenyi Li
- Technology Engineering Center of Drought and Cold-Resistant Grass Breeding in North of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Technology Engineering Center of Drought and Cold-Resistant Grass Breeding in North of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fengling Shi
- Technology Engineering Center of Drought and Cold-Resistant Grass Breeding in North of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Technology Engineering Center of Drought and Cold-Resistant Grass Breeding in North of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Technology Engineering Center of Drought and Cold-Resistant Grass Breeding in North of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Yang Q, Yuan Y, Liu J, Han M, Li J, Jin F, Feng B. Transcriptome analysis reveals new insights in the starch biosynthesis of non-waxy and waxy broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123155. [PMID: 36610580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Broomcorn millet is a popular cereal with health benefits, and its grains are rich in starch. However, the differences in the pathway and key genes involved in starch biosynthesis of waxy and non-waxy broomcorn millet grain remain unclear. Therefore, the grain and starch physicochemical index and transcriptomic analyses of two genotypes of broomcorn millet were conducted at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days after pollination. The phenotypic and physiological results indicated that the starch synthetic process of non-waxy and waxy broomcorn millet was significantly different. The amylose, amylopectin, and total starch contents of non-waxy broomcorn millet were 1.99, 4.74, and 6.73 mg/grain, while those of waxy broomcorn millet were 0.34, 5.94, and 6.28 mg/grain, respectively. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that 106 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mainly enriched in the "amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism", "pyruvate metabolism", "galactose metabolism", and "starch and sucrose metabolism" pathways. The WGCNA suggested that a total of 31 hub genes were correlated with starch biosynthesis. These findings provide a new approach to studying the starch synthesis in broomcorn millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengru Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Li S, Shi Z, Zhu Q, Tao L, Liang W, Zhao Z. Transcriptome sequencing and differential expression analysis of seed starch accumulation in Chinese chestnut Metaxenia. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:617. [PMID: 34388974 PMCID: PMC8362260 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chestnut seeds are important kinds of edible nuts rich in starch and protein. The characteristics and nutrient contents of chestnut have been found to show obvious metaxenia effects in previous studies. To improve the understanding of the effect of metaxenia on chestnut starch and sucrose metabolism, this study used three varieties of chestnut, ‘Yongfeng 1’, ‘YongRen Zao’ and ‘Yimen 1’, as male parents to pollinate the female parent, ‘Yongfeng 1’, and investigated the mechanisms of starch and sucrose metabolism in three starch accumulation stages (70 (S1), 82 (S2), and 94 (S3) days after pollination, DAP) in chestnut seed kernels. Result Most carbohydrate metabolism genes were highly expressed in YFF (self-pollinated ‘Yongfeng 1’) in stage S2 and in YFR (‘Yongfeng 1’ × ‘Yongren Zao’) and YFM (‘Yongfeng 1’ × ‘Yimen 1’) in stage S3. In stage S3, hub genes encoding HSF_DNA-binding, ACT, Pkinase, and LIM proteins and four transcription factors were highly expressed, with YFF showing the highest expression, followed by YFR and YFM. In addition, transcriptome analysis of the kernels at 70, 82 and 94 DAP showed that the starch granule-bound starch synthase (EC 2.4.1.242) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7 .7.27) genes were actively expressed at 94 DAF. Chestnut seeds regulate the accumulation of soluble sugars, reducing sugars and starch by controlling glycosyl transferase and hydrolysis activity during development. Conclusion These results and resources have important guiding significance for further research on starch and sucrose metabolism and other types of metabolism related to chestnut metaxenia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07923-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxing Li
- Guanxi forestry research institute, Nanning, Guanxi, China
| | - Zhuogong Shi
- Guanxi forestry research institute, Nanning, Guanxi, China
| | - Qiurong Zhu
- Guanxi forestry research institute, Nanning, Guanxi, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Guanxi forestry research institute, Nanning, Guanxi, China
| | - Wenhui Liang
- Guanxi forestry research institute, Nanning, Guanxi, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhao
- Guanxi forestry research institute, Nanning, Guanxi, China.
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Geng Y, Qin L, Liu Y, Zhang S. Ultrastructure observation and transcriptome analysis of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) seeds in response to water loss. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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