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Camfield E, Bowman A, Choi J, Gwinn K, Labbe N, Rajan K, Ownley B, Moustaid-Moussa N, D'Souza DH. Switchgrass extractives to mitigate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contamination of romaine lettuce at pre- and postharvest. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3620-3631. [PMID: 35836257 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial potential of switchgrass extractives (SE) was evaluated on cut lettuce leaves and romaine lettuce in planta, using rifampicin-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium strain LT2 as model pathogens. Cut lettuce leaves were swabbed with E. coli O157:H7 or S. Typhimurium followed by surface treatment with 0.8% SE, 0.6% sodium hypochlorite, or water for 1 to 45 min. For in planta studies, SE was swabbed on demarcated leaf surfaces either prior to or after inoculation of greenhouse-grown lettuce with E. coli O157:H7 or S. Typhimurium; the leaf samples were collected after 0, 24, and 48 h of treatment. Bacteria from inoculated leaves were enumerated on tryptic soy agar plates (and also on MacConkey's and XLT4 agar plates), and the recovered counts were statistically analyzed. Cut lettuce leaves showed E. coli O157:H7 reduction between 3.25 and 6.17 log CFU/leaf, whereas S. Typhimurium reductions were between 2.94 log CFU/leaf and 5.47 log CFU/leaf depending on the SE treatment durations, from initial levels of ∼7 log CFU/leaf. SE treatment of lettuce in planta, before bacterial inoculation, reduced E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium populations by 1.88 and 2.49 log CFU after 24 h and 3 h, respectively. However, SE treatment after bacterial inoculation of lettuce plants decreased E. coli O157:H7 populations by 3.04 log CFU (after 0 h) with negligible reduction of S. Typhimurium populations. Our findings demonstrate the potential of SE as a plant-based method for decontaminating E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce during pre- and postharvest stages in hurdle approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Camfield
- Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alex Bowman
- Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph Choi
- Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kimberly Gwinn
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicole Labbe
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kalavathy Rajan
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bonnie Ownley
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Santos IR, Ribeiro DG, Távora FTPK, Maximiano MR, Rabelo AC, Rios TB, Reis Junior FB, Megías M, Silva LP, Mehta A. Priming of defense-related genes in Brassica oleracea var. capitata using concentrated metabolites produced by Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:595-604. [PMID: 35318614 PMCID: PMC9151945 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To verify the potential of metabolites extracted from Rhizobium tropici to trigger the priming of defense responses in cruciferous plants, we analyzed the expression of defense-related genes by qRT-PCR. Brassica oleracea var. capitata, susceptible to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, were grown in greenhouse conditions. At 18 days after sowing, plants were inoculated with 1 mL of 1% concentrated metabolites produced by R. tropici (CM-RT) in the root. In a second experiment, leaves were sprayed with 1 mL of a solution containing 1% CM-RT. Aerial and root tissue were collected separately at 0 (non-treated control condition), 24, and 48 h after application, submitted to RNA extraction and gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR. The results showed that, after root treatment with CM-RT, most evaluated genes were upregulated at 24 h after application and downregulated at 48 h after application in roots, while in leaves, genes were downregulated both at 24 and 48 h after application. On the other hand, leaf treatment with CM-RT showed that most evaluated genes in leaves and roots were upregulated at 24 and 48 h after application. These results indicate that the effect of CM-RT applied in roots seems restricted to the applied region and is not sustained, while the application in leaves results in a more systemic response and maintenance of the effect of CM-RT for a longer period. The results obtained in this study emphasize the biotechnological potential of using metabolites of R. tropici as an elicitor of active defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonaldo Reis Santos
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Molecular), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Daiane Gonzaga Ribeiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília/Campus II, Brasília, CEP 70790160 Brazil
| | - Fabiano Touzdjian Pinheiro Kohlrausch Távora
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia e DIP/Genética E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de, Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG CEP 36036-900 Brazil
| | - Mariana Rocha Maximiano
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília/Campus II, Brasília, CEP 70790160 Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rabelo
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
| | - Thuanny Borba Rios
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
| | | | - Manuel Megías
- Departamento de Microbiología Y Parasitología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo Postal 874, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luciano Paulino Silva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Molecular), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
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Grellet-Bournonville CF, Di Peto PDLÁ, Cerviño Dowling AM, Castagnaro AP, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Díaz Ricci JC, Mamaní AI, Filippone MP. Seasonal Variation of Plant Defense Inductor Ellagitannins in Strawberry Leaves under Field Conditions for Phytosanitary Technological Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12424-12432. [PMID: 34649430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many natural compounds can activate the plant immunity, and for this reason, they have attracted special interest in crop disease management. Previously, we isolated from strawberry leaves an ellagitannin (HeT), which elicits plant defense responses. In this research, we investigated bioactive compounds from field-collected strawberry leaves capable of inducing defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana against a bacterial pathogen. Methanolic extracts of strawberry leaves sampled at different months were obtained and compared. The highest content of total soluble phenolic compounds was found in the methanolic extracts of leaves sampled in December (DME). The defense response induced in A. thaliana by DME was attributed to two ellagitannins, the HeT and galloyl-HHDP-glucose. Both compounds exhibited phytoprotective effects against Pseudomonas viridiflava and induced the expression of PDF1.2 and PR1 genes. These results provide an economic value to strawberry leaves, normally discarded at the end of the harvest stage of the crop, as a raw material for plant health enhancer bioinputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Grellet-Bournonville
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
| | - Pía de Los Ángeles Di Peto
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
| | - Ana M Cerviño Dowling
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
| | - Atilio P Castagnaro
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Juan C Díaz Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Alicia I Mamaní
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - María P Filippone
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
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Goupil P, Peghaire E, Benouaret R, Richard C, Sleiman M, El Alaoui H, Kocer A. Relationships between Plant Defense Inducer Activities and Molecular Structure of Gallomolecules. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15409-15417. [PMID: 33337882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense inducers (PDIs) are booming and attractive protection agents designed to immunostimulate the plant to reduce subsequent pathogen colonization. The structure-PDI activity relationships of four flavan-3-ols: Epicatechin (EC), Epigallocatechin (EGC), Epicatechin gallate (ECG), Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Gallotannic acid (GTA) were investigated in both whole plant and suspension cell systems. ECG, EGCG, and GTA displayed elicitor activities. Their infiltration into tobacco leaves induced hypersensitive reaction-like lesions with topical scopoletin and PR-target transcript accumulations. On the contrary, EC and EGC infiltrations fail to trigger the biochemical changes in tobacco tissues. The tobacco BY-2 cells challenged with ECG, EGCG, or GTA led to alkalinization of the BY-2 extracellular medium while EC and EGC did not trigger any pH variation. This work provides evidence that the esterified gallate pattern is as an essential flavonoid entity to induce plant defense reactions in tobacco. The phytoprotective properties of the esterified gallate-free EC and the esterified gallate-rich GTA were evaluated on the tobacco/Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn) pathosystem. Tobacco treatment with EC did not induce significant protection against Ppn compared to GTA which shows antimicrobial properties on Ppn and decreases the infection on GTA-infiltrated and -sprayed wild-type leaves. GTA protection was impaired in the transgenic NahG tobacco plants, suggesting that protection was mediated by salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Goupil
- UMR INRAe 547 PIAF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elodie Peghaire
- UMR INRAe 547 PIAF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Razik Benouaret
- UMR INRAe 547 PIAF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Richard
- UMR CNRS 6296 ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohamad Sleiman
- UMR CNRS 6296 ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR CNRS 6296 SIGMA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hicham El Alaoui
- UMR CNRS 6023 LMGE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- UMR CNRS/INSERM 6293 GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Loulier J, Lefort F, Stocki M, Asztemborska M, Szmigielski R, Siwek K, Grzywacz T, Hsiang T, Ślusarski S, Oszako T, Klisz M, Tarakowski R, Nowakowska JA. Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms. Molecules 2020; 25:E5749. [PMID: 33291490 PMCID: PMC7730677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi and oomycetes release volatiles into their environment which could be used for olfactory detection and identification of these organisms by electronic-nose (e-nose). The aim of this study was to survey volatile compound emission using an e-nose device and to identify released molecules through solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) analysis to ultimately develop a detection system for fungi and fungi-like organisms. To this end, cultures of eight fungi (Armillaria gallica, Armillaria ostoyae, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium poae, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma asperellum) and four oomycetes (Phytophthora cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. plurivora, P. ramorum) were tested with the e-nose system and investigated by means of SPME-GC/MS. Strains of F. poae, R. solani and T. asperellum appeared to be the most odoriferous. All investigated fungal species (except R. solani) produced sesquiterpenes in variable amounts, in contrast to the tested oomycetes strains. Other molecules such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and benzene derivatives were found in all samples. The results suggested that the major differences between respective VOC emission ranges of the tested species lie in sesquiterpene production, with fungi emitting some while oomycetes released none or smaller amounts of such molecules. Our e-nose system could discriminate between the odors emitted by P. ramorum, F. poae, T. asperellum and R. solani, which accounted for over 88% of the PCA variance. These preliminary results of fungal and oomycete detection make the e-nose device suitable for further sensor design as a potential tool for forest managers, other plant managers, as well as regulatory agencies such as quarantine services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Loulier
- InTNE (Plants & Pathogens Group), Hepia, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland;
| | - François Lefort
- InTNE (Plants & Pathogens Group), Hepia, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland;
| | - Marcin Stocki
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Monika Asztemborska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Rafał Szmigielski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Siwek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomasz Grzywacz
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (T.G.)
| | - Tom Hsiang
- Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Sławomir Ślusarski
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.S.); (T.O.)
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland;
| | - Marcin Klisz
- Department of Silviculture and Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland;
| | - Rafał Tarakowski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Anna Nowakowska
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3 Street, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
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Interactions between Phytophthora cactorum, Armillaria gallica and Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings Subjected to Defoliation. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to better understand the interactive impact of two soil-borne pathogens, Phytophthora cactorum and Armillaria gallica, on seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) subjected to stress caused by mechanical defoliation, simulating primary insect feeding. This is the first experimental confirmation of silver birch seedling root damage (and in consequence shoot mortality) caused by the additive effect of defoliation stress and P. cactorum inoculation via soil. However, the most severe damage to roots occurred after A. gallica inoculation. One year after treatments, chlorophyll fluorescence measurement, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the photosynthetic activity in leaves, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the birch leaves, and chemical compounds from the roots. The cumulative effect of the two pathogens and partial defoliation reduced photosynthetic activity, suggesting dysfunction of photosystem PSII due to the applied stresses. In summary, it seems that the main differences in photosynthetic performance could be attributed to Armillaria infection. The birch leaves in seedlings exposed to 50% defoliation, and inoculation with P.cactorum and A. gallica, emitted more aromatic carbonyls and alcohols, as well as half as much aliphatic esters, compared to controls. In infected birch roots, the production of phenols, triterpenes, and fatty alcohols increased, but fatty acids decreased. Higher levels of aromatic carbonyls and alcohols in leaves, as well as phenolic compounds in the roots of stressed birches (compared to control) suggest an activation of plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR).
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