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Roche J, Guérin C, Dupuits C, Elmodafar C, Goupil P, Mouzeyar S. In silico analysis of the Seven IN Absentia (SINA) genes in bread wheat sheds light on their structure in plants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295021. [PMID: 38127955 PMCID: PMC10734943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven IN Absentia (SINA) is a small family of genes coding for ubiquitin-ligases that play major roles in regulating various plant growth and developmental processes, as well as in plant response to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we studied the SINA genes family in bread wheat Triticum aestivum which is a culture of major importance for food security worldwide. One hundred and forty-one SINA family genes have been identified in bread wheat and showed that their number is very high compared to other plant species such as A. thaliana or rice. The expansion of this family seems to have been more important in monocots than in eudicots. In bread wheat, the chromosome 3 distal region is the site of a massive amplification of the SINA family, since we found that 83 of the 141 SINA genes are located on this chromosome in the Chinese Spring variety. This amplification probably occurred as a result of local duplications, followed by sequences divergence. The study was then extended to 4856 SINA proteins from 97 plant species. Phylogenetic and structural analyses identified a group of putative ancestral SINA proteins in plants containing a 58 aminoacid specific signature. Based on sequence homology and the research of that "Ancestral SINA motif" of 58 amino acids, a methodological process has been proposed and lead to the identification of functional SINA genes in a large family such as the Triticae that might be used for other species. Finally, tis paper gives a comprehensive overview of wheat gene family organization and functionalization taken the SINA genes as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Roche
- UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Guérin
- UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Dupuits
- UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Cherkaoui Elmodafar
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Pascale Goupil
- UMR A547 Physiologie Intégrative de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Said Mouzeyar
- UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, Clermont–Ferrand, France
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Goupil P, Peghaire E, Benouaret R, Richard C, Sleiman M, El Alaoui H, Kocer A. Relationships between Plant Defense Inducer Activities and Molecular Structure of Gallomolecules. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:15409-15417. [PMID: 33337882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense inducers (PDIs) are booming and attractive protection agents designed to immunostimulate the plant to reduce subsequent pathogen colonization. The structure-PDI activity relationships of four flavan-3-ols: Epicatechin (EC), Epigallocatechin (EGC), Epicatechin gallate (ECG), Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Gallotannic acid (GTA) were investigated in both whole plant and suspension cell systems. ECG, EGCG, and GTA displayed elicitor activities. Their infiltration into tobacco leaves induced hypersensitive reaction-like lesions with topical scopoletin and PR-target transcript accumulations. On the contrary, EC and EGC infiltrations fail to trigger the biochemical changes in tobacco tissues. The tobacco BY-2 cells challenged with ECG, EGCG, or GTA led to alkalinization of the BY-2 extracellular medium while EC and EGC did not trigger any pH variation. This work provides evidence that the esterified gallate pattern is as an essential flavonoid entity to induce plant defense reactions in tobacco. The phytoprotective properties of the esterified gallate-free EC and the esterified gallate-rich GTA were evaluated on the tobacco/Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn) pathosystem. Tobacco treatment with EC did not induce significant protection against Ppn compared to GTA which shows antimicrobial properties on Ppn and decreases the infection on GTA-infiltrated and -sprayed wild-type leaves. GTA protection was impaired in the transgenic NahG tobacco plants, suggesting that protection was mediated by salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Goupil
- UMR INRAe 547 PIAF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elodie Peghaire
- UMR INRAe 547 PIAF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Razik Benouaret
- UMR INRAe 547 PIAF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Richard
- UMR CNRS 6296 ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohamad Sleiman
- UMR CNRS 6296 ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR CNRS 6296 SIGMA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hicham El Alaoui
- UMR CNRS 6023 LMGE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- UMR CNRS/INSERM 6293 GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Khaled A, Sleiman M, Darras E, Trivella A, Bertrand C, Inguimbert N, Goupil P, Richard C. Photodegradation of Myrigalone A, an Allelochemical from Myrica gale: Photoproducts and Effect of Terpenes. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:7258-7265. [PMID: 31188589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the environmental fate of myrigalone A, a light absorbing natural herbicide found on leaves and fruits of Myrica gale. Myrigalone A was irradiated in water and as a dry solid deposit to simulate reactions on leaves, alone and in the presence of the terpenes generated by Myrica gale. The phototransformation was fast ( t1/2 = 35 min in water). Analyses by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution orbitrap electrospray mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography-MS revealed the formation of 11 photoproducts in water and solid and 9 in gaseous phase. Some were detected in the leaf glands and oil covering the fruits of Myrica gale, which suggested that photodegradation occurred in the field. Moreover, myrigalone A photoinduced the oxidation of terpenes that in turn protected it against photolysis. This highlights the need for additional research on the effect of terpenes on the photodegradation of pesticides on vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Khaled
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand , Université Clermont Auvergne , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Mohamad Sleiman
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand , Université Clermont Auvergne , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Etienne Darras
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand , Université Clermont Auvergne , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Aurélien Trivella
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC - OASU, Equipe LPTC, IUT de Périgueux , Rue du Doyen Lajugie , 24000 Périgueux , France
| | - Cédric Bertrand
- USR 3278 CRIOBE, PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire d'Excellence ≪ CORAIL ≫ , Bâtiment T, 58 avenue P. Alduy , 66860 Perpignan , France
- AkiNaO SAS , F-66860 Perpignan , France
| | - Nicolas Inguimbert
- USR 3278 CRIOBE, PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire d'Excellence ≪ CORAIL ≫ , Bâtiment T, 58 avenue P. Alduy , 66860 Perpignan , France
| | - Pascale Goupil
- INRA, PIAF , Université Clermont Auvergne , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Claire Richard
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand , Université Clermont Auvergne , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
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4
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Abstract
Alkyl gallates showed elicitor activities on tobacco in both whole plants and cell suspensions. Methyl gallate (MG), ethyl gallate (EG), and propyl gallate (PG) infiltration into tobacco leaves induced hypersensitive reaction-like lesions and topical production of autofluorescent compounds revealed under UV light. When sprayed on tobacco plants at 5 mM, EG promoted upregulation of defense-related genes such as the antimicrobial PR1, β-1,3-glucanase PR2, Chitinase PR3, and osmotin PR5 target genes. Tobacco BY-2 cells challenged with EG underwent cell death in 48 h, which was significantly reduced in the presence of the protease inhibitor aprotinin. The three alkyl gallates all caused alkalinization of the BY-2 extracellular medium, whereas gallic acid did not trigger any pH variation. Using EGTA or LaCl3, we showed that Ca2+ mobilization occurred in BY-2 cells elicited with EG. Overall, our findings are the first evidence of alkyl gallate elicitor properties with early perception events on the plasma membrane, potential hypersensitive reactions, and PR-related downstream defense responses in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Goupil
- UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, Université Clermont Auvergne , 8 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière cedex, France
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Razik Benouaret
- UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, Université Clermont Auvergne , 8 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière cedex, France
- UMR 547 PIAF, INRA , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Richard
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Clermont Auvergne , 24 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière cedex, France
- Equipe Photochimie CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF , 63178 Aubière, France
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Lavergne F, Richard C, Saudreau M, Venisse JS, Fumanal B, Goupil P. Effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl phototransformation on its elicitation activity in tobacco cells. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 118:370-376. [PMID: 28710944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant activator acibenzolar-S-methyl (BTH) undergoes phototransformation when exposed to solar radiation. Here we investigated the changes in its elicitation properties on BY-2 tobacco cells at different stages of the photochemical reaction. Both pure BTH and formulated BTH were irradiated in controlled conditions to achieve different extents of conversion. Both pure BTH (900 μM) and Bion® (0.4 g.L-1) induced BY-2 cell death, but BTH photoconverted to an extent of 25 ± 3% lowered the cell death rate. A kinetic study of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities was conducted on BY-2 extracellular medium. Exposure of tobacco cells to either pure BTH or Bion® resulted in a significant increase in the activities of both defense enzymes, which peaked 48 h after the treatment. The pathogenesis-related (PR) protein activities were quantified 48 h after elicitation for a range of phototransformed BTH solutions. The enzyme activities were reduced when BY-2 cells were treated with solutions in which BTH conversion was 22 ± 3%, 42 ± 3% and 100 ± 3%, but were not affected by the solution in which BTH was phototransformed at 60%, suggesting that some of the secondary photoproducts also exhibit eliciting properties. Solar irradiation of BTH thus impairs its elicitation properties, but this impairment depends strongly on the extent of phototransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Lavergne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6296, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 24 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France; Equipe Photochimie CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, 63178 Aubière, France
| | | | - Jean-Stéphane Venisse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Boris Fumanal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Goupil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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6
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Dumas E, Giraudo M, Goujon E, Halma M, Knhili E, Stauffert M, Batisson I, Besse-Hoggan P, Bohatier J, Bouchard P, Celle-Jeanton H, Costa Gomes M, Delbac F, Forano C, Goupil P, Guix N, Husson P, Ledoigt G, Mallet C, Mousty C, Prévot V, Richard C, Sarraute S. Fate and ecotoxicological impact of new generation herbicides from the triketone family: An overview to assess the environmental risks. J Hazard Mater 2017; 325:136-156. [PMID: 27930998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Triketones, derived chemically from a natural phytotoxin (leptospermone), are a good example of allelochemicals as lead molecules for the development of new herbicides. Targeting a new and key enzyme involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, these latest-generation herbicides (sulcotrione, mesotrione and tembotrione) were designed to be eco-friendly and commercialized fifteen-twenty years ago. The mechanisms controlling their fate in different ecological niches as well as their toxicity and impact on different organisms or ecosystems are still under investigation. This review combines an overview of the results published in the literature on β-triketones and more specifically, on the commercially-available herbicides and includes new results obtained in our interdisciplinary study aiming to understand all the processes involved (i) in their transfer from the soil to the connected aquatic compartments, (ii) in their transformation by photochemical and biological mechanisms but also to evaluate (iii) the impacts of the parent molecules and their transformation products on various target and non-target organisms (aquatic microorganisms, plants, soil microbial communities). Analysis of all the data on the fate and impact of these molecules, used pure, as formulation or in cocktails, give an overall guide for the assessment of their environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dumas
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - M Giraudo
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - E Goujon
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR PIAF 547, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - M Halma
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - E Knhili
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - M Stauffert
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France; Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - I Batisson
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - P Besse-Hoggan
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.
| | - J Bohatier
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - P Bouchard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - H Celle-Jeanton
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6524, LMV, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - M Costa Gomes
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - F Delbac
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - C Forano
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - P Goupil
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR PIAF 547, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - N Guix
- INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France; VetAgro Sup, 89 avenue de l'Europe, BP 35, 63370 Lempdes, France; UMR Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, INRA-UBP, UMR 1095, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Husson
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - G Ledoigt
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR PIAF 547, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - C Mallet
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - C Mousty
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - V Prévot
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - C Richard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - S Sarraute
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
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7
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Sleiman M, Stawinoga M, Wang S, de Sainte-Claire P, Goupil P, Richard C. Photochemical transformation of the plant activator Acibenzolar-S-methyl in solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Goujon E, Maruel S, Richard C, Goupil P, Ledoigt G. Transformation of the Herbicide Sulcotrione into a Root Growth Enhancer Compound by Sequential Photolysis and Hydrolysis. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:563-569. [PMID: 26654319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Xanthene-1,9-dione-3,4-dihydro-6-methylsulfonyl (1), the main product of sulcotrione phototransformation on plant leaves, was slowly hydrolyzed into 2-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid (2) and 1,3-cyclohexanedione (3) in aqueous solution. Interestingly, the rate of hydrolysis was significantly enhanced in the presence of roots of monocotyledonous plants, while the same treatment showed adverse effects on broadleaf weeds. Root growth enhancement varied according to the plant species and concentrations of compound 2, as shown with Zea mays roots. Compound 2 is a derivative of salicylic acid that is known to be a plant signaling messenger. Compound 2 was, therefore, able to mimic some known effects of this phytohormone. This work showed that a pesticide like sulcotrione was transformed into a compound exhibiting a positive impact on plant growth. This study exemplified a rarely reported situation where chemical and biological chain reactions transformed a xenobiotic into a compound exhibiting potential beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goujon
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 547-UBP/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Unité Mixte de Recherche Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Clermont Université , Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Sandra Maruel
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 547-UBP/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Unité Mixte de Recherche Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Clermont Université , Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Claire Richard
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), UMR 6296, Equipe Photochimie Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 63178 Aubière, France
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 6296, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clermont Université , 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Goupil
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 547-UBP/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Unité Mixte de Recherche Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Clermont Université , Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Ledoigt
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 547-UBP/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Unité Mixte de Recherche Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Clermont Université , Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
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9
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Goujon E, Richard C, Goupil P, Ledoigt G. Cytotoxicity on Allium cepa of the two main sulcotrione photoproducts, xanthene-1,9-dione-3,4-dihydro-6-methylsulphonyl and 2-chloro-4-mesylbenzoic acid. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2015; 124:37-42. [PMID: 26453228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of 2-chloro-4-mesylbenzoic acid (CMBA) and xanthene-1,9-dione-3,4-dihydro-6-methylsulphonyl (XDD), the two main photoproducts of sulcotrione, were investigated on Allium root meristematic cells at different concentrations. Degradation of sulcotrione was correlated to mitotic index decrease, together with increasing anomaly and c-mitosis frequencies. Mitotic index significantly decreased with increasing XDD and CMBA concentrations. Cell frequency with abnormal chromosomes increased with CMBA or XDD application rates. In contrast, CMBA induced a low micronucleus rate even for high concentrations while XDD increased the micronucleus ratio. C-mitoses, chromosomal aberrations due to an inactivation of the spindle, were enhanced by CMBA treatments but not by XDD. The photochemical degradation process of the pesticide can change the risk for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goujon
- Clermont Université, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | | | - Pascale Goupil
- Clermont Université, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Gérard Ledoigt
- Clermont Université, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France.
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10
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Benouaret R, Goupil P. Grape Marc Extract-Induced Defense Reactions and Protection against Phytophthora parasitica Are Impaired in NahG Tobacco Plants. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:6653-9. [PMID: 26105078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Grape marc extract (GME) acts as an elicitor of plant defense responses. This study analyzed GME-induced plant defense reactions in NahG transgenic tobacco. Leaf infiltration of NahG leaves revealed HR-like reactions with reduced lesions and weak deployment of autofluorescent compounds in the surrounding infiltrated tissues. The β-1,3-glucanase PR2-, endochitinase PR3-, and osmotin PR5-target transcript levels were strongly lowered in NahG leaves, and the mutant failed to accumulate the antimicrobial PR1 transcripts. GME-induced protection against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn) was evaluated on tobacco leaves. The antimicrobial properties of GME against Ppn were evidenced using a range of in vitro tests. GME-sprayed wild-type leaves showed reduced infection areas, whereas GME failed to induce a protective effect against Ppn in NahG leaves. The results suggest that GME-induced plant defense reactions in tobacco plants was mediated by salicylic acid (SA) and that GME-induced protection against Ppn could be the combined result of antimicrobial and defense actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razik Benouaret
- †Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 547 PIAF, B.P. 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- ‡INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Goupil
- †Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 547 PIAF, B.P. 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- ‡INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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11
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Benouaret R, Goujon E, Trivella A, Richard C, Ledoigt G, Joubert JM, Mery-Bernardon A, Goupil P. Water extracts from winery by-products as tobacco defense inducers. Ecotoxicology 2014; 23:1574-81. [PMID: 25119448 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water extracts from winery by-products exhibited significant plant defense inducer properties. Experiments were conducted on three marc extracts containing various amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins. Infiltration of red, white and seed grape marc extracts into tobacco leaves induced hypersensitive reaction-like lesions with cell death evidenced by Evans Blue staining. The infiltration zones and the surrounding areas revealed accumulation of autofluorescent compounds under UV light. Leaf infiltration of the three winery by-product extracts induced defense gene expression. The antimicrobial PR1, β-1,3-glucanase PR2, and chitinase PR3 target genes were upregulated locally in tobacco plants following grape marc extract treatments. The osmotin PR5 transcripts accumulated as well in red marc extract treated-tobacco leaves. Overall, the winery by-product extracts elicited an array of plant defense responses making the grape residues a potential use of high value compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razik Benouaret
- UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Goujon E, Sta C, Trivella A, Goupil P, Richard C, Ledoigt G. Genotoxicity of sulcotrione pesticide and photoproducts on Allium cepa root meristem. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2014; 113:47-54. [PMID: 25052526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by toxic agents in the environment has become matters of concern to agricultural countries. Sulcotrione, a triketone herbicide used to control dicotyledonous weeds in maize culture is rapidly photolyzed on plant foliage and generate two main photoproducts the xanthene-1,9-dione-3,4-dihydro-6-methylsulfonyl and 2-chloro-4-mesylbenzoic acid (CMBA). The aim of this study was to analyze the potential toxicity of the herbicide and the irradiated herbicide cocktail. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of non irradiated and irradiated sulcotrione were investigated in Allium cepa test. The sulcotrione irradiation was monitored under sunlight simulated conditions to reach 50% of phototransformation. Concentrations of sulcotrione in the range 5 × 10(-)(9)-5 × 10(-)(5)M were tested. Cytological analysis of root tips cells showed that both non irradiated and irradiated sulcotrione caused a dose-dependent decrease of mitotic index with higher cytotoxicity for the irradiated herbicide which can lead to 24.2% reduction of mitotic index compared to water control. Concomitantly, chromosomal aberrations were observed in A.cepa root meristems. Both non irradiated sulcotrione and irradiated sulcotrione induced a dose-dependent increase of chromosomal abnormalities frequencies to a maximal value of 33.7%. A saturating effect in anomaly frequencies was observed in meristems treated with high concentrations of non irradiated sulcotrione only. These data suggest that photolyzed sulcotrione cocktail have a greater cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than parent molecule and question about the impact of photochemical process on environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goujon
- Clermont Université, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Chaima Sta
- Clermont Université, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Aurélien Trivella
- Clermont Université, CNRS, UMR 6296, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 24, Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Pascale Goupil
- Clermont Université, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Claire Richard
- Clermont Université, CNRS, UMR 6296, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 24, Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Gérard Ledoigt
- Clermont Université, UMR 547-UBP/INRA PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France.
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13
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Benouaret R, Goujon E, Goupil P. Grape marc extract causes early perception events, defence reactions and hypersensitive response in cultured tobacco cells. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 77:84-9. [PMID: 24561714 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grape marc extract (GME) showed elicitor activity on suspension-cultured cells of tobacco. The BY-2 cells reacted to GME (0.25% and 0.125%) with a long-sustained pH rise in their growth medium. Using EGTA or LaCl3, we showed that extracellular alkalinization depended on Ca(2+) mobilization. The tobacco BY-2 cells challenged with GME promoted cell death and the upregulation of defence-related genes such as PR3, PAL and CCoAOMT. Cell death rate was quantified using an experimental calibrated Evans Blue assay. The GME-induced cell death was dose-dependent and occurred in 24 h. Longer exposure increased the extent of tobacco cell death. To investigate a potential hypersensitive reaction, we tested the effect of various inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) and proteases (aprotinin, pepstatin and E-64) on GME-induced cell death. All these chemicals reduced GME-induced cell death rate in 30 min. Overall, our findings indicate that GME elicits early perception events, defence reactions and cell death requiring protein synthesis and proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Benouaret
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR INRA 547 PIAF, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E Goujon
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR INRA 547 PIAF, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Goupil
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR INRA 547 PIAF, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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14
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Goupil P, Benouaret R, Charrier O, Ter Halle A, Richard C, Eyheraguibel B, Thiery D, Ledoigt G. Grape marc extract acts as elicitor of plant defence responses. Ecotoxicology 2012; 21:1541-9. [PMID: 22547210 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant protection based on novel alternative strategies is a major concern in agriculture to sustain pest management. The marc extract of red grape cultivars reveals plant defence inducer properties. Treatment with grape marc extract efficiently induced hypersensitive reaction-like lesions with cell death evidenced by Evans Blue staining of tobacco leaves. Examination of the infiltration zone and the surrounding areas under UV light revealed the accumulation of autofluorescent compounds. Both leaf infiltration and a foliar spray of the red grape extract on tobacco leaves induced defence gene expression. The PR1 and PR2 target genes were upregulated locally and systemically in tobacco plants following grape marc extract treatment. The grape extract elicited an array of plant defence responses making this natural compound a potential phytosanitary product with a challenging issue and a rather attractive option for sustainable agriculture and environmentally friendly practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Goupil
- UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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15
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Souguir D, Ferjani E, Ledoigt G, Goupil P. Sequential effects of cadmium on genotoxicity and lipoperoxidation in Vicia faba roots. Ecotoxicology 2011; 20:329-336. [PMID: 21153701 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of stress responses to Cd exposure (50, 100 and 200 μM) expanding from 12 to 48 h were studied in roots of hydroponically cultivated-Vicia faba seedlings. The heavy metal induced toxicity symptoms and growth arrest of Vicia roots gradually to the Cd concentration and duration of the treatment. The intracellular oxidative stress was evaluated with the H(2)O(2) production. The H(2)O(2) content increased gradually with the sequestered Cd and root growth inhibition. Lipid peroxidation-evidenced by malondialdehyde (MDA) content and Evans blue uptake-and genotoxicity-evidenced by mitotic index (MI) and micronuclei (MCN) values-were concomitantly investigated in root tips. By 12 h, root meristematic cells lost 15% of their mitotic activity under 50 or 100 μM Cd treatment and 50% under 200 μM Cd treatment and led cells with MCN, while the MDA content and Evans blue absorption were not affected. The loss of membrane integrity occurred subsequently by 24 h. The increase in MDA content in root cells treated with 50, 100 and 200 μM Cd was significantly higher than the control. By 48 h, the MDA content increased 134, 178 or 208% in root cells treated with 50, 100 and 200 μM Cd, respectively. The Evans blue absorption was also affected by 24 h in roots when treated with 200 μM Cd and gradually increase by 48 h with the Cd concentration of the treatment. The decrease of mitotic activity triggered by 12 h was even higher by 24 h and the MI reduced to 44, 56 or 80% compared to the control in the three different Cd concentrations tested. The different kinetics of early in vivo physiological and cytogenetic responses to Cd might be relevant to the characterization of its toxicity mechanisms in disrupting primarily the mitosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Souguir
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique végétales, UMR PIAF 547-UBP/INRA, Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, Aubiere, France
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16
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Goupil P, Souguir D, Ferjani E, Faure O, Hitmi A, Ledoigt G. Expression of stress-related genes in tomato plants exposed to arsenic and chromium in nutrient solution. J Plant Physiol 2009; 166:1446-52. [PMID: 19375817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular responses of hydroponically cultivated tomato plants to As(V) or Cr(VI) were assessed by transcript accumulation analysis of genes coding for products potentially involved in heavy metal tolerance. A quantitative real-time PCR experiment was performed with Hsp90-1, MT2- and GR1-like protein genes using RNA isolated from tomato roots or shoots treated for 24h with As(V) or Cr(VI) at concentrations ranging from 80 to 640 microM. Both transient metallic treatments induced Hsp90-1 transcript accumulation in tomato plants. MT2- and GR1-like transcripts accumulated in tomato roots treated with As(V) but were only slightly affected by Cr(VI) treatment. Tomatoes showed phenotypic symptoms to heavy metal toxicity when plants were exposed to Cr(VI) but not As(V). Plant lethality was observed at 1280 microM Cr(VI), indicating that tomatoes were more tolerant to As than Cr stress under the experimental conditions used here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Goupil
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique végétales, ERTAC-UMR INRA, Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Campus universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France.
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17
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Souguir D, Ferjani E, Ledoigt G, Goupil P. Exposure of Vicia faba and Pisum sativum to copper-induced genotoxicity. Protoplasma 2008; 233:203-7. [PMID: 18548320 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-008-0004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The potential genotoxicity of Cu(2+) was investigated in Vicia faba and Pisum sativum seedlings in hydroponic culture conditions. Cu(2+) caused a dose-dependent increase in micronuclei frequencies in both plant models. Cytological analysis of root tips cells showed clastogenic and aneugenic effects of this heavy metal on V. faba root meristems. Cu(2+) induced chromosomal alterations at the lowest concentration used (2.5 mM) when incubated for 42 h, indicating the potent mutagenic effect of this ion. A spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities was observed in V. faba root meristems, illustrating the genotoxic events leading to micronuclei formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Souguir
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Végétales, EA ERTAC, Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, Aubière, France
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18
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Goupil P, Mahamoud YS, Poulain J, Windels D, Crété P, Huss B, Rambour S. cDNA-AFLP display for the isolation of differentially expressed genes during chicory root development. J Plant Physiol 2003; 160:303-9. [PMID: 12749087 DOI: 10.1078/s0176-1617(04)70406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To identify genes expressed during root enlargment during the early vegetative growth of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), we used the cDNA-AFLP technology. The radial pattern of chicory roots was investigated by histological analysis to determine the spatial vascular cambium setting. In young plantlets, serial root sections showed that differentiation of secondary tissues occurred along a gradient extending from the apex to the crown. The cDNA-AFLP technique was carried out on total mRNAs extracted from root tissues producing secondary structures and root tissues developing primary structures only. This study reports on the isolation of two transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) referred to as Y-16 and Y-21. Sequence analysis at the protein level showed that Y-16 carries a sequence highly homologous (93% identities) to the amino acid transporter-like protein 1 (AATL 1) from Arabidopsis and Y-21 presents 72% identity to AAD25141.1 Arabidopsis protein. The expression pattern of both these TDFs was analysed by northern blot and showed an over-expression during early development of chicory roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Goupil
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire Végétales, Bâtiment SN2, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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19
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Druart N, De Roover J, Van den Ende W, Goupil P, Van Laere A, Rambour S. Sucrose assimilation during early developmental stages of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) plants. Planta 2001; 212:436-43. [PMID: 11289609 DOI: 10.1007/s004250000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The activities of enzymes of both sucrose and fructan metabolism were measured in chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Turbo) plants during early vegetative growth. From 21 to 42 d after sowing (phase I), carbohydrates were used for structural growth and sucrose was predominantly cleaved by acid invertase whereas neutral invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) activities were low. From 49 to 63 d after sowing (phase II) a cambium formed producing secondary tissues, concomitant with induced sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase (1-SST; EC 2.4.1.99) and fructan:fructan-1-fructosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.100) activities, and fructan synthesis in the roots. Accumulation of 1-SST mRNA occurred at the onset of thickening, indicating that 1-SST is controlled at a transcriptional level. Acid invertase activity gradually increased during phase I and remained high during early phase II. It subsequently decreased. The pattern of invertase mRNA accumulation correlated with the enzyme activities, indicating that acid invertase is controlled at the transcriptional level. Both acid invertase and 1-SST probably contributed to the sink strength in the root at the beginning of phase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Druart
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire Végétales, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, France
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Druart N, Goupil P, Dewaele E, Boutin JP, Rambour S. Nitrate assimilation in chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) which acquire radial growth. J Exp Bot 2000; 51:539-46. [PMID: 10938810 DOI: 10.1093/jexbot/51.344.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate assimilation was analysed in chicory plants (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Turbo) during the early vegetative growth. Nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA) was measured in roots and leaves at different developmental stages. During phase I, which corresponds to the structural growth (21-42 DAS), nitrate reduction mainly occurred in the roots. At the onset of the tuber formation (phase II), which is characterized by the formation of a cambium inducing a radial growth (42-63 DAS), NRA rapidly decreased in roots and developed in leaves. A tight correlation was found between the nitrate content, the amino acid level and NRA in roots and leaves. Northern blot and ELISA analysis showed that both levels of NR mRNA and NR protein were not modified during the time-course of the experiment suggesting that modification of nitrate assimilation was not controlled at a transcriptional level. In vitro NRA assayed in presence of either Mg2+ ions or EDTA showed that NR was influenced at least in part by a reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reaction. Okadaic acid, a serine-threonine protein phosphatases inhibitor, strongly decreased NRA. Conversely, staurosporine, a serine-threonine protein kinases inhibitor, did not significantly change NRA in roots or leaves. Therefore, NRA was regulated at a post-translational level during the early vegetative growth by modifying the phosphorylation balance of the NR protein in chicory.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Druart
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire Végétales, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Abstract
DC8 is a late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) protein gene isolated from carrot (Daucus carota). Deletion analysis of the DC8 promoter was performed to determine the sequences required for ABA and seed-specific regulation of DC8 transcription. To investigate the mechanism of DC8 expression during seed development, chimeric gene constructs containing DC8 promoter fragments fused to a promoterless beta-glucuronidase gene (DC8:GUS) were introduced into carrot, tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Seed-specific DC8 expression patterns was conserved among the three plant species. However, differences among the species in the patterns of DC8 expression in the embryo and endosperm that correlated with differences in the rates of embryo and endosperm growth were found. Lack of correspondence between DC8 activation and embryo development among the seeds of the three species suggests that DC8 expression, which is associated with seed maturation, is not coupled to the embryo development program. The presence of DC8 activity in carrot callus and endosperm is consistent with the notion that DC8 expression is independent of embryo morphogenesis. A similar DC8 activity time-course during callus induction and seed development suggests that explantation and 2,4-D treatment initiates a course of events similar to that in the carrot ovule. After fertilization, two pathways one leading to embryo development and another to seed maturation are initiated, but they are not closely linked. As a result we find DC8, part of the maturation program, being activated at different embryonic stages in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Cheng
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Berkeley 94720, USA
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Palms B, Goupil P, de Almeida Engler J, Van der Straeten D, Van Montagu M, Rambour S. Evidence for the nitrate-dependent spatial regulation of the nitrate reductase gene in chicory roots. Planta 1996; 200:20-7. [PMID: 8987617 DOI: 10.1007/bf00196644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Young chicory plants (Cichorium intybus L. var. Witloof) show a tenfold higher nitrate reductase NR activity in roots compared to leaves. Northern analysis revealed, besides the nitrate inducibility of the nitrate reductase gene (nia), a higher level of expression in the roots. By modifying the external nitrate concentration the NR activity in the leaves remained negligible whereas a maximal activity was observed in the roots when grown in the presence of 5 mM nitrate. Surprisingly, variation of the external nitrate concentration induced changes in the spatial regulation of nia within the root. In-situ hybridization mainly localized nia mRNA in the cortical cells of roots grown at low nitrate concentrations (0.2 nM). At high nitrate concentrations (5 mM), nia mRNA was more abundant in the vascular tissues. The root apex revealed a strong signal under both conditions. The isolation and characterization of the NR structural gene from chicory is also presented. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of a single nia gene per haploid genome of chicory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Palms
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique, Moléculaire Végétales, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Guastalla JP, Lhomme C, Kerbrat P, Mayer F, Namer M, Goupil P, Charrot P, Heron JF, Chazard M, Richard I. Phase II trial of intraperitoneal carboplatin in ovarian carcinoma patients with macroscopic residual disease at second-look laparotomy. A multicentre study of the French Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:127-32. [PMID: 8186155 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of its antitumour activity and its pharmacological advantage when administered by the intraperitoneal route, carboplatin was studied in a phase II multicentric trial. The aim of the study was to determine the response rate and the toxicity of carboplatin administered intraperitoneally and to determine if pathological complete response could be attained in women with macroscopic residual ovarian cancer at second-look laparotomy after intravenous cisplatin chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with macroscopical residual disease after intravenous cisplatin-based chemotherapy at second-look laparotomy, were treated at that time with 300 mg/m2 of carboplatin administered in the abdominal cavity every four weeks for six cycles. In instances of negative findings at physical and CT scan examination, laparotomy evaluation was performed and the catheter was removed. The dose of carboplatin was increased or decreased according to hematological toxicity. RESULTS Efficacy is evaluable in 25 pts: 2 pts had pathological complete responses and 1 pt had microscopic disease (12% response rate of evaluable patients). Toxicity is evaluable for 135 cycles in 29 patients. No grade 4 hematological toxicity was observed, 2 pts had grade 3 leukopenia and 3 pts had grade 3 thrombocytopenia; grade 3 vomiting was observed in 11% of cycles. No peritoneal complication was observed; catheter dysfunction occurred after the first cycle in one patient who refused a surgical procedure to remove the catheter and to pursue treatment. CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal carboplatin demonstrates efficacy in patients with macroscopical residual disease at second-look laparotomy after first-line cisplatin chemotherapy. The recommended dose for further studies is 300 mg/m2 administered every 4 weeks. A low response rate does not favour a randomised study.
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Venuat B, Goupil P, Ledoigt G. Molecular cloning and physiological analysis of an invertase isoenzyme in Helianthus tissues. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1993; 31:955-66. [PMID: 7511014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A soluble acid invertase activity isolated from Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) shoots and analyzed by immunochromatography using polyclonal yeast antibodies, represents around 5% of the total invertase activity. This invertase isoenzyme was also isolated from dormant tuber parenchyma. In these partially dormant tissues, the specific activity of this isoenzyme is low suggesting a partial inactivation of the invertase molecules. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunopurified fractions yields similar levels of the 58 kDa polypeptide both in shoots and dormant tubers, but with much lower activity of the enzyme in the tubers. A cDNA library was constructed in pUEX 1 from poly (A)+ RNA extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. This library was screened for invertase using (i) a Bacillus subtilis invertase DNA probe and (ii) anti-yeast invertase antibodies. A recombinant clone of approximately 1.8 kb size was selected by these two methods. Using Northern blots, a temporal sequence in the expression of invertase gene was observed during the breaking of dormancy with the main level after 8 weeks of cold treatment at 4 degrees C. A 2.5 kb transcript was detected, translation of which would yield a 97 kDa polypeptide representing the precursor of Jerusalem artichoke invertase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Venuat
- Physiologie et Génétique végétales, Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont-Ferrand II), France
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