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Schwingel Henn G, Cima LZ, Bettanin BF, Schlabitz C, Neutzling Lehn D, de Souza CFV, Hoehne L. Selenized lactic acid bacteria microencapsulated by spray drying: A promising strategy for beef cattle feed supplementation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:753-765. [PMID: 38436528 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the technical feasibility of incorporating selenized Lactobacillus spp. microencapsulated via spray drying into cattle feed. Gum Arabic and maltodextrin were used as encapsulating agents. The encapsulation process was carried out with a drying air flow rate of 1.75 m3/min, inlet air temperature of 90°C, and outlet air temperature of 75°C. The viability of the encapsulated microorganisms and the technological characteristics of the obtained microparticles were evaluated. Microorganisms were incorporated into beef cattle feed to supplement their diet with up to 0.3 mg of Se per kilogram of feed. The encapsulated particles, consisting of a 50/50 ratio of gum Arabic/maltodextrin at a 1:20 proportion of selenized biomass to encapsulant mixture, exhibited superior technical viability for application in beef cattle feed. Supplemented feeds displayed suitable moisture, water activity, and hygroscopicity values, ensuring the preservation of viable microorganisms for up to 5 months of storage, with an approximate count of 4.5 log CFU/g. Therefore, supplementing beef cattle feed with selenized and microencapsulated lactic acid bacteria represents a viable technological alternative, contributing to increased animal protein productivity through proper nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Schwingel Henn
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Zago Cima
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Fabris Bettanin
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Schlabitz
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Neutzling Lehn
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Hoehne
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Azorín I, Madrid J, Martínez-Miró S, López M, López MB, López MJ, Hernández F. Combined Supplementation of Two Selenium Forms (Organic and Inorganic) and Iodine in Dairy Cows' Diet to Obtain Enriched Milk, Cheese, and Yogurt. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1373. [PMID: 38731376 PMCID: PMC11083049 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation in dairy cows with two Se forms (organic and inorganic) and I at the maximum levels permitted in the European Union, with the aim to obtain naturally enriched milk and derived products. A total of 20 Holstein Friesian cows in lactation were fed 2 diets for 64 days: a control diet with a supply of 0.57 mg of inorganic Se and 0.57 mg of I per kg of ration in dry matter (DM), and an experimental diet (SeI) with a supply of 0.34 mg of inorganic Se, 0.23 mg of organic Se, and 5.68 mg of I per kg of ration in DM. The SeI diet did not modify the performance or, in general, the metabolic profile of cows. Se and I levels in milk were affected by diet type and time of measurement (p < 0.01). Thus, a marked increase of both microminerals was evident between the beginning and the end of the test, when the SeI diet was administered. For Se, this increase ranged from 1.95 to 3.29 μg/100 g of milk; and for I, from 19.69 to 110.06 μg/100 g of milk. The SeI diet increased (p < 0.01) the Se and I content in the cheese, reaching levels of 16.4 μg/100 g for Se and 269.7 μg/100 g for I. An increase in I was observed in yogurt from the SeI diet (p < 0.001). The supplementation of two forms of Se and I in the cows' ration, at the levels evaluated, produced milk and dairy products enriched in these microelements without altering their quality parameters. However, a responsible intake of these products is necessary to avoid risks of deficiencies or excesses that could negatively affect the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Azorín
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Silvia Martínez-Miró
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Marina López
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - María Belén López
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Miguel José López
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
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Son AR, Kim SH, Islam M, Miguel M, Naing YP, Lee SS. Effect of organic mineral supplementation in reducing oxidative stress in Holstein calves during short-term heat stress and recovery conditions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:156. [PMID: 38129915 PMCID: PMC10740304 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of inorganic and organic minerals on physiological responses, oxidative stress reduction, and rumen microbiota in Holstein bull calves (123.81 ± 9.76 kg; 5 months old) during short-term heat stress (HS) and recovery periods. Eight Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: no mineral supplementation (Con), inorganic minerals (IM), organic minerals (OM), and high-concentration organic minerals (HOM) and two thermal environments (HS and recovery) using 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a crossover design of four periods of 35 d. Calves were maintained in a temperature-controlled barn. The experimental period consisted of 14 d of HS, 14 d of recovery condititon, and a 7-d washing period. RESULTS Body temperature and respiration rate were higher in HS than in the recovery conditions (P < 0.05). Selenium concentration in serum was high in the HOM-supplemented calves in both HS (90.38 μg/dL) and recovery periods (102.00 μg/dL) (P < 0.05). During the HS period, the serum cortisol was 20.26 ng/mL in the HOM group, which was 5.60 ng/mL lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant status was the highest in the OM group (2.71 mmol Trolox equivalent/L), followed by the HOM group during HS, whereas it was highest in the HOM group (2.58 mmol Trolox equivalent/L) during the recovery period (P < 0.05). Plasma malondialdehyde and HSP70 levels were decreased by HOM supplementation during the HS and recovery periods, whereas SOD and GPX levels were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis represented that the overall rumen microbiota was not influenced by mineral supplementation; however, temperature-induced microbial structure shifts were indicated (PERMANOVA: P < 0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased, whereas Fibrobacteres, Spirochaetes, and Tenericutes increased (P < 0.05), under HS conditions. The genus Treponema increased under HS conditions, while Christensenella was higher in recovery conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HOM supplementation during HS reduced cortisol concentrations and increased total antioxidant status in Holstein bull calves, suggesting that high organic mineral supplementation may alleviate the adverse effects of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Michelle Miguel
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Ye Pyae Naing
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea.
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Rabee AE, Khalil MMH, Khadiga GA, Elmahdy A, Sabra EA, Zommara MA, Khattab IM. Response of rumen fermentation and microbiota to dietary supplementation of sodium selenite and bio-nanostructured selenium in lactating Barki sheep. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:247. [PMID: 38008716 PMCID: PMC10680236 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary selenium (Se) sources affects the structure of the rumen microbial community and rumen fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and bio-nanostructured selenium (SeNSM) on rumen fermentation and structure of rumen microbial community of lactating Barki ewes. Twenty one lactating Barki ewes were assigned into three groups based on their body weight and milk yield. The experiment lasted for 50 days, whenever, the control group was fed basal diet; group SS received basal diets plus sodium selenite as inorganic source of Se; and group SeNSM received basal diet plus organic selenium bio-nanostructured. Ruminal pH and volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) was lower (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group compared to control. Principle Coordinate Analysis separated the microbial communities into three clusters based on feeding treatment. The bacterial community was dominated by phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes that were affected (P < 0.05) by Se sources. Specifically Bacteriodetes was higher (P < 0.05) in SS and SeNSM groups; and Firmicutes was higher (P < 0.05) in the control group. Moreover, the predominant bacterial genera were Prevotella, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Unclassified_Bacteroidales, which were higher (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group. The methanogenic community belonged to phylum Euryarchaeota and was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by Se supplementation. Principal component analysis based on rumen fermentation parameters, and relative abundances of bacteria and methanogens revealed three distinct clusters. These findings suggest that Se supplementation affected the relative abundances of dominant bacterial groups, declined rumen methanogens and SeNSM supplementation showed some positive impacts on some fibrolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emara Rabee
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mayada M H Khalil
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Galal Abou Khadiga
- Departement of Poultry Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmahdy
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Ebrahim A Sabra
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohsen A Zommara
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El- Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Khattab
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
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Sun W, Shi H, Gong C, Liu K, Li G. Effects of Different Yeast Selenium Levels on Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Gastrointestinal Microflora of Sika Deer during Antler Growth. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1444. [PMID: 37374946 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different selenium supplemental levels on rumen fermentation microflora of sika deer at the velvet antler growth stage. A total of 20 5-year-old, healthy sika deer at the velvet antler growth stage with an average body weight of (98.08 ± 4.93) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups, and each group was fed in a single house. The SY1 group was the control group, and the SY2 group, SY3 group and SY4 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.3, 1.2 and 4.8 mg/kg selenium, respectively. The pretest lasted for 7 days, and the formal trial period lasted for 110 days. The results show that: At the velvet antler growth stage, the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of sika deer in the SY2 group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.01). The digestibility of cellulose and crude fiber of sika deer in the SY2 group was significantly higher than those in the SY3 and SY4 groups (p < 0.01) and significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in the rumen fluid of sika deer in the SY2 group were significantly higher than those in the SY1 group (p < 0.05). Digestive enzyme analysis of rumen fluid at the velvet antler growth stage showed that the activity of protease in rumen fluid in the SY2 group was significantly lower than those in the SY1 group and SY4 group (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes in the SY2 group was significantly higher than that in the SY1 group (p < 0.05) and extremely significantly higher than those in the SY3 and SY4 groups (p < 0.01). Correlation analysis between yeast selenium level and bacterial abundance showed that the yeast selenium content in rumen fluid was significantly positively correlated with Butyrivibrio and Succiniclasticum (p < 0.01). Further verification of bacterial flora functioning showed that the SY2 group was more inclined to the degradation and utilization of fiber. In conclusion, 0.3 mg/kg selenium supplementation can increase the abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Fibrobacter succinogenes in the rumen of sika deer and improve the degradation of fibrous substances by mediating the catabolite repression process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Hongpeng Shi
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun 130112, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengyan Gong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun 130112, China
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Honerlagen H, Reyer H, Abou-Soliman I, Segelke D, Ponsuksili S, Trakooljul N, Reinsch N, Kuhla B, Wimmers K. Microbial signature inferred from genomic breeding selection on milk urea concentration and its relation to proxies of nitrogen-utilization efficiency in Holsteins. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00233-3. [PMID: 37173253 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the nitrogen-utilization efficiency (NUE) of dairy cows by breeding selection would offer advantages from nutritional, environmental, and economic perspectives. Because data collection of NUE phenotypes is not feasible in large cow cohorts, the cow individual milk urea concentration (MU) has been suggested as an indicator trait. Considering the symbiotic interplay between dairy cows and their rumen microbiome, individual MU was thought to be influenced by host genetics and by the rumen microbiome, the latter in turn being partly attributed to host genetics. To enhance our knowledge of MU as an indicator trait for NUE, we aimed to identify differential abundant rumen microbial genera between Holstein cows with divergent genomic breeding values for MU (GBVMU; GBVHMU vs. GBVLMU, where H and L indicate high and low MU phenotypes, respectively). The microbial genera identified were further investigated for their correlations with MU and 7 additional NUE-associated traits in urine, milk, and feces in 358 lactating Holsteins. Statistical analysis of microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed significantly higher abundances of the ureolytic genus Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002 in GBVLMU cows, whereas GBVHMU animals hosted higher abundances of Clostridia unclassified and Desulfovibrio. The entire discriminating ruminal signature of 24 microbial taxa included a further 3 genera of the Lachnospiraceae family that revealed significant correlations to MU values and were therefore proposed as considerable players in the GBVMU-microbiome-MU axis. The significant correlations of Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Anaerovibrio, Blautia, and Butyrivibrio abundances with MU measurements, milk nitrogen, and N content in feces suggested their contribution to genetically determined N-utilization in Holstein cows. The microbial genera identified might be considered for future breeding programs to enhance NUE in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Honerlagen
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Abou-Soliman
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Desert Research Center, Department of Animal and Poultry Breeding, Dokki, Giza Governorate 3751254, Egypt
| | - Dierck Segelke
- IT-Solutions for Animal Production, Vereinigte Informationssysteme Tierhaltung w.V. (vit), 27283 Verden, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Reinsch
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biometry, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; University of Rostock, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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González-Lemus U, Medina-Pérez G, Peláez-Acero A, Campos-Montiel RG. Decrease of Greenhouse Gases during an In Vitro Ruminal Digestibility Test of Forage ( Festuca arundinacea) Conditioned with Selenium Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3823. [PMID: 36364599 PMCID: PMC9654206 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Festuca arundinacea Schreb. is one of the most used forage grasses due to its duration, productivity, great ecological breadth, and adaptability. Livestock has been criticized for its large production of greenhouse gases (GHG) due to forage. The advancement of science has led to an increase in the number of studies based on nanotechnologies; NPs supplementation in animal nutrition has found positive results in the fermentation of organic matter and the production of fatty acids and ruminal microorganisms. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the in vitro digestibility of forage containing selenium (Se) nanoparticles (NPs), and to identify the specific behavior of the ruminal fermentation parameters of F. arundinacea Schreb. and (2) quantify the production of greenhouse gases (total gas and methane) (3) as well as the release of bioactive compounds (phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and selenium) after fermentation. Three treatments of SeNPs were established (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 ppm). The effects of foliar fertilization with SeNPs son digestion parameters were registered, such as the in vitro digestion of dry matter (IVDM); total gas production (Atotal gas) and methane production (ACH4); pH; incubation time(to); the substrate digestion rate (S); tSmax and the lag phase (L); as well as the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), total phenols, total flavonoids, and tannins in ruminal fluid. The best results were obtained in the treatment with the foliar application of 4.5 ppm of SeNPs; IVDMD (60.46, 59.2, and 59.42%), lower total gas production (148.37, 135.22, and 141.93 mL g DM-1), and CH4 (53.42, 52.65, and 53.73 mL g DM-1), as well as a higher concentration of total VFA (31.01, 31.26, and 31.24 mmol L-1). The best results were obtained in the treatment with the foliar application of 4.5 ppm of SeNPs in the three different harvests; concerning IVDMD (60.46, 59.2, and 59.42%), lower total gas production (148.37, 135.22, and 141.93 mL g DM-1), and CH4 (53.42, 52.65, and 53.73 mL g DM-1), as well as a higher concentration of total VFA (31.01, 31.26, and 31.24 mmol L-1). The F. arundinacea Schreb. plants fertilized with 4.5 ppm released-in the ruminal fluid during in vitro fermentation-the following contents: total phenols (98.77, 99.31, and 99.08 mgEAG/100 mL), flavonoids (34.96, 35.44, and 34.96 mgQE/100 g DM), tannins (27.22, 27.35, and 27.99 mgEC/100g mL), and selenium (0.0811, 0.0814, and 0.0812 ppm).
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Inclusion of Sunflower Oil, Organic Selenium, and Vitamin E on Milk Production and Composition, and Blood Parameters of Lactating Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151968. [PMID: 35953958 PMCID: PMC9367271 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feeding sunflower oil, selenium, and vitamin E to lactating dairy cows has improved the nutritional profile of milk for human consumption and positively impacted animal performance. This may be attributed to the increased healthier fat components, i.e., “good fats”, and antioxidant substances in milk. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing sunflower oil, selenium, and vitamin E on milk production and composition, and the blood parameters of lactating dairy cows. Supplementing sunflower oil to lactating dairy cows provided beneficial effects on milk fatty acid profiles, increasing healthier fatty acids concentrations, which have been reported as important anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, and antidiabetic nutrients in human diet. However, this strategy reduced the milk fat content. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation improved milk production and provided higher selenium and vitamin E content in blood and milk. These compounds are important antioxidants and nutrients for animal and human health. Abstract Aiming to improve milk quality and animal health, the effects of the inclusion of sunflower oil with added organic selenium (Se) and vitamin E in the diets of lactating cows were evaluated. Twenty-four multiparous lactating Jersey cows were randomly enrolled into four treatments: CON (control); SEL [2.5 mg organic Se kg−1 dry matter (DM) + 1000 IU vitamin E daily]; SUN (sunflower oil 3% DM); and SEL + SUN (sunflower oil 3% DM + 2.5 mg organic Se kg−1 DM + 1000 IU vitamin E daily). The experimental period was 12 weeks with 14 days for acclimation. Cows were milked twice a day. Dry matter intake, milk production, and composition were measured daily and analyzed in a pooled 4-week sample. On day 84, white blood cell counts, as well as serum and milk Se and vitamin E levels, were assessed. Supplementation with selenium and vitamin E alone or combined with sunflower oil increased milk production, and increased the serum and milk concentrations of those nutrients. The inclusion of sunflower oil reduced fat content and DM intake but also altered the milk fatty acid profile, mainly increasing levels of trans 11 C18:1 (vaccenic) and cis 9 trans 11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Our results indicate that supplementation with sunflower oil, Se and vitamin E provides beneficial effects on animal performance and milk composition, which could be an important source of CLA and antioxidants (Se and vitamin E) for human consumption.
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Islam MA, Ikeguchi A, Naide T. Effectiveness of an air cleaner device in reducing aerosol numbers and airborne bacteria from an enclosed type dairy barn. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:53022-53035. [PMID: 35277823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing pressure to find technically feasible and economically viable solutions in reducing emissions of pollutants from various occupational settings to minimise environmental pollution. Hence, it is essential to develop and test methods for controlling pollutants from occupational backgrounds. We have tested an air cleaner device in reducing aerosol numbers by filtration and airborne bacteria by photocatalysis from an enclosed type dairy barn. Here, we had shown a significant reduction of larger size aerosol numbers (2.0-10.0 µm) and airborne total aerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and complete clearance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the exhaust air of the air cleaner device. A greater 8.05% and 61.56% reduction of 5.0-10.0 µm aerosol numbers and airborne E. coli, respectively, were observed in the instantly treated central air of the dairy barn. We had found an increasing trend of aerosol numbers and airborne bacteria concentrations in the central air of the dairy barn after stopping the air cleaner device. We also had observed increased bacterial load in the filter paper of the air treatment chamber of the air cleaner device with the advancement of cleaning time. These findings are essential to validate air cleanings from various types of dairy microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Atsuo Ikeguchi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Minemachi, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Takanori Naide
- Earth Environmental Service Co., Ltd., 17 Kanda-konyacho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 101-0035, Japan
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Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of selenium yeast (SY) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen bacterial diversity, and expression pathways in goats. A total of 18 Qianbei-pockmarked weather goats from Guizhou (body weight, 25.75 ± 1.75 kg; mean ± standard deviation) were assigned to three groups according to a completely randomized design. Control group (CON, n = 6) kids were fed a basal diet, while treatment 1 (LS, n = 6) and treatment 2 (HS, n = 6) kids were fed a basal diet with 2.4 and 4.8 mg/kg SY, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 74 days. The results indicated that the ruminal fluid of LS goats had significantly higher levels of propionic, caproic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids than that of the CON. The levels of butyric and valeric acids were higher in the HS group than in the CON. The acetate:propionate ratio was significantly higher in the CON than in the two treatments. In addition, the inclusion of 2.4 mg/kg SY can lead to a significant decrease in the relative abundances of Euryarchaeota, and Proteobacteria at the phylum level compared to the CON and the HS groups. At the genus level, the LS group had a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter and Sarcina, whereas it could lead to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Clostridium in the ruminal fluid relative of the other two groups. At the species level, the LS group had a significant decrease in the relative abundance of bacterium_P3, bacterium_P201, and Sarcina_sp._DSM_11001 compared to the other groups. Moreover, the CON group had a significant decrease in the relative abundance of bacterium_P201 compared to the other two treatments. Compared to the CON, the addition of 2.4 mg/kg SY significantly enriched carbohydrate metabolism pathways in the ruminal fluid for gene encoding. Additionally, goats receiving SY showed a significant upregulation of glycosyl transferase and carbohydrate binding module pathways. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with SY modulates fermentation parameters, and it affects microbial diversity and microbial metagenome in the rumen of Qianbei-pockmarked goats.
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11
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Mandour AS, Samir H, El-Beltagy MA, Hamabe L, Abdelmageed HA, Watanabe I, Elfadadny A, Shimada K, El-Masry G, Al-Rejaie S, Tanaka R, Watanabe G. Monthly Dynamics of Plasma Elements, Hematology, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Hormonal Concentrations in Growing Male Shiba Goats ( Capra hircus) Reared in Tokyo-Japan. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050645. [PMID: 35268214 PMCID: PMC8909858 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the first stage of an animal’s life, various physiological alterations with the concomitant development of different body organs occur. This period is also accompanied by different kinds of stressors, including, but not limited to, the stress of weaning, metabolic change, and peri-puberty changes in reproductive functions. Shiba goats, the main goat breed in Japan, are not commonly used as food animals. However, male Shiba goats largely contribute to reproductive and cardiology research activities, as well as being used for educational purposes for elementary school children. The physiological data regarding laboratory measurements in Shiba goats are lacking, especially at a young age. In this study, we investigated the age-related changes in hematology, plasma mineral concentrations, hormones, and oxidative stress markers during the first five months (neonatal and peri-puberty age) in male Shiba goats. Abstract From a clinical point of view, the establishment of laboratory variables during the first few months of an animal’s life helps clinicians to make sure they base their medical decisions on laboratory values for the specific breed and age group. The present study aimed to investigate the monthly dynamics in some plasma elements, hematology, reproductive hormones, and oxidative stress marker profiles during the first five months of age (neonatal and peri-puberty stage) in male Shiba goat’s kids. Sixteen kids were investigated from the first to the fifth month (M1 to M5), and the data were presented as the statistical difference between them. Whole blood and plasma samples were collected monthly for analysis of basal hematology, plasma elements concentration (trace elements: Cu, Zn, Se, Fe, and Cr; macroelements: Ca and Mg), circulating hormones (cortisol, FSH, LH, IGF1, immunoreactive inhibin, testosterone, T3, and T4), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, CAT, SOD, and GPX). The results showed age-related changes in the observed parameters. The fifth month recorded the lowest level of almost all investigated minerals, except for Cr. Plasma hormone levels revealed age-dependent increases in IGF-1 and testosterone, age-related decreases in T3 and T4, and non-significant changes in cortisol and FSH. Besides, the concentrations of inhibin and LH were significantly higher at M1–M3 compared with M4–M5. Plasma SOD, GPX, and CAT were increased with age. In conclusion, age-related changes and a distinction of age in months was found necessary to interpret the laboratory results, specifically in terms of age in months and the peri-puberty stage in young goats, which are important to follow up the age-specific diseases, reproductive status, and treatment follow-ups in this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan; (L.H.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan;
| | - Marwa A. El-Beltagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Lina Hamabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan; (L.H.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Hend A. Abdelmageed
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ismailia Laboratory, First District, Ismailia 41511, Egypt;
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Izumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan; (L.H.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Gamal El-Masry
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 21522, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan; (L.H.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan;
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