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Jin L, Ji C, Chen S, Song Z, Zhou J, Qian K, Guo W. Multifunctional Textiles with Flame Retardant and Antibacterial Properties: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6628. [PMID: 37764404 PMCID: PMC10536766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that bacterial infections and fire-hazards are potentially injurious in daily life. With the increased security awareness of life and properties as well as the improvement of living standards, there has been an increasing demand for multifunctional textiles with flame retardant and antibacterial properties, especially in the fields of home furnishing and medical protection. So far, various treatment methods, including the spray method, the dip-coating method, and the pad-dry-cure method, have been used to apply functional finishing agents onto fabrics to achieve the functionalization in the past exploration stage. Moreover, in addition to the traditional finishing technology, a number of novel technologies have emerged, such as layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition, the sol-gel process, and chemical grafting modification. In addition, some natural biomasses, including chitin, chitosan (CS), and several synthetic functional compounds that possess both flame-retardant and bacteriostatic properties, have also received extensive attention. Hence, this review focuses on introducing some commonly used finishing technologies and flame retardant/antibacterial agents. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and materials were summarized, which will contribute to future research and promote the development and progress of the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenpeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhicong Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Juntong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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Kolibaba TJ, Iverson ET, Legendre H, Higgins CI, Buck ZN, Weeks TS, Grunlan JC, Killgore JP. Synergistic Fire Resistance of Nanobrick Wall Coated 3D Printed Photopolymer Lattices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16046-16054. [PMID: 36926807 PMCID: PMC10071572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photopolymer additive manufacturing has become the subject of widespread interest in recent years due to its capacity to enable fabrication of difficult geometries that are impossible to build with traditional manufacturing methods. The flammability of photopolymer resin materials and the lattice structures enabled by 3D printing is a barrier to widespread adoption that has not yet been adequately addressed. Here, a water-based nanobrick wall coating is deposited on 3D printed parts with simple (i.e., dense solid) or complex (i.e., lattice) geometries. When subject to flammability testing, the printed parts exhibit no melt dripping and a propensity toward failure at the print layer interfaces. Moving from a simple solid geometry to a latticed geometry leads to reduced time to failure during flammability testing. For nonlatticed parts, the coating provides negligible improvement in fire resistance, but coating of the latticed structures significantly increases time to failure by up to ≈340% compared to the uncoated lattice. The synergistic effect of coating and latticing is attributed to the lattice structures' increased surface area to volume ratio, allowing for an increased coating:photopolymer ratio and the ability of the lattice to better accommodate thermal expansion strains. Overall, nanobrick wall coated lattices can serve as metamaterials to increase applications of polymer additive manufacturing in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hudson Legendre
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Callie I. Higgins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Zachary N. Buck
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Timothy S. Weeks
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jason P. Killgore
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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Rodriguez-Melendez D, Langhansl M, Helmbrecht A, Palen B, Zollfrank C, Grunlan JC. Biorenewable Polyelectrolyte Nanocoating for Flame-Retardant Cotton-Based Paper. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32599-32603. [PMID: 36120026 PMCID: PMC9476518 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cotton-based raw paper, made of 100% cellulose, is used to make humidity-sensing, cottonid for bio-architecture applications. Despite its renewability and excellent mechanical properties, it is inherently flammable. In an effort to reduce its flammability, thin films of fully renewable and environmentally benign polyelectrolytes, chitosan (CH) and phytic acid (PA), were deposited on raw paper via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Only four bilayers (BL) of the CH/PA coating are required to achieve self-extinguishing behavior, with a 69% reduction in peak heat release rate measured by microscale combustion calorimetry. These results demonstrate that this renewable intumescent LbL-assembled film provides an effective flame-retardant treatment for these environmentally friendly, climate-adaptive construction materials and could potentially be used to protect many cellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Langhansl
- Chair
of Biogenic Polymers, TUM Campus Straubing
for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, D-94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Alexander Helmbrecht
- Chair
of Biogenic Polymers, TUM Campus Straubing
for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, D-94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Bethany Palen
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Cordt Zollfrank
- Chair
of Biogenic Polymers, TUM Campus Straubing
for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, D-94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Magovac E, Vončina B, Jordanov I, Grunlan JC, Bischof S. Layer-by-Layer Deposition: A Promising Environmentally Benign Flame-Retardant Treatment for Cotton, Polyester, Polyamide and Blended Textiles. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020432. [PMID: 35057150 PMCID: PMC8779411 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A detailed review of recent developments of layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition as a promising approach to reduce flammability of the most widely used fibers (cotton, polyester, polyamide and their blends) is presented. LbL deposition is an emerging green technology, showing numerous advantages over current commercially available finishing processes due to the use of water as a solvent for a variety of active substances. For flame-retardant (FR) purposes, different ingredients are able to build oppositely charged layers at very low concentrations in water (e.g., small organic molecules and macromolecules from renewable sources, inorganic compounds, metallic or oxide colloids, etc.). Since the layers on a textile substrate are bonded with pH and ion-sensitive electrostatic forces, the greatest technological drawback of LbL deposition for FR finishing is its non-resistance to washing cycles. Several possibilities of laundering durability improvements by different pre-treatments, as well as post-treatments to form covalent bonds between the layers, are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Magovac
- Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Textile Technology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Bojana Vončina
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2609 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Igor Jordanov
- Department of Textiles, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Sandra Bischof
- Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Textile Technology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-14877357
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