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Lan Y, Kuktaite R, Chawade A, Johansson E. Chasing high and stable wheat grain mineral content: Mining diverse spring genotypes under induced drought stress. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298350. [PMID: 38359024 PMCID: PMC10868752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change-induced drought has an effect on the nutritional quality of wheat. Here, the impact of drought at different plant stages on mineral content in mature wheat was evaluated in 30 spring-wheat lines of diverse backgrounds (modern, old and wheat-rye-introgressions). Genotypes with rye chromosome 3R introgression showed a high accumulation of several important minerals, including Zn and Fe, and these also showed stability across drought conditions. High Se content was found in genotypes with chromosome 1R. Old cultivars (K, Mg, Na, P and S) and 2R introgression lines (Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg and Na) demonstrated high mineral yield at early and late drought, respectively. Based on the low nutritional value often reported for modern wheat and negative climate effects on the stability of mineral content and yield, genes conferring high Zn/Fe, Se, and stable mineral yield under drought at various plant stages should be explicitly explored among 3R, 1R, old and 2R genotypes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Lan
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Ramune Kuktaite
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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Roumia H, Kókai Z, Mihály-Langó B, Csobod ÉC, Benedek C. Ancient Wheats-A Nutritional and Sensory Analysis Review. Foods 2023; 12:2411. [PMID: 37372622 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide a critical evaluation of the nutritional and sensory properties of ancient wheats (spelt, emmer, einkorn, and kamut) and the methods used to analyze them. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the main analytical methods applied to study the nutritional properties of ancient wheats. According to our findings, protein content was the most commonly studied macronutrient across all types of ancient wheat species. The article notes that einkorn bran showed the highest protein and ash content, which reveals the potential of ancient wheats to be more widely used in food products. Regarding the majority of amino acids in spelt wheat cultivars, the general trend in the data was rather consistent. This review also compares sensory evaluation methods for different wheat products made from ancient wheats, such as bread, pasta, cooked grains, porridge, snacks, and muffins. The various reported methods and panel sizes used prove that ancient wheat products have many potential sensory advantages. Overall, using ancient wheats in wheat products can enhance the nutritional benefits, increase diversity in the food systems, and may be more appealing to consumers looking for something different, thereby contributing to the development of more sustainable and locally based food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Roumia
- Department of Postharvest, Supply Chain, Commerce and Sensory Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kókai
- Department of Postharvest, Supply Chain, Commerce and Sensory Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Éva Csajbókné Csobod
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health Science, Semmelweis University, Vas Str. 17, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Benedek
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health Science, Semmelweis University, Vas Str. 17, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
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Sardella C, Capo L, Adamo M, Donna M, Ravetto Enri S, Vanara F, Lonati M, Mucciarelli M, Blandino M. The cultivation of rye in marginal Alpine environments: a comparison of the agronomic, technological, health and sanitary traits of local landraces and commercial cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1130543. [PMID: 37235035 PMCID: PMC10208067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rye is a secondary crop that is characterized by a higher tolerance to climatically less favorable conditions than other cereal species. For this reason, rye was historically used as a fundamental raw material for bread production and as a supply of straw in northern parts of Europe as well as in mountain environments, such as Alpine valleys, where locally adapted landraces have continued to be cultivated over the years. In this study, rye landraces collected in different valleys in the Northwest Italian Alps have been selected as the most genetically isolated within their geographical contexts and cultivated in two different marginal Alpine environments. The traits concerning their agronomy, mycotoxin contamination, bioactive content, as well as their technological and baking quality were assessed to characterize and compare rye landraces with commercial wheat and rye cultivars. Rye cultivars showed the same grain yield level as wheat in both environments. Only the genotype selected from the Maira Valley was characterized by tall and thin culms and a proneness to lodging, thereby resulting in a lower yield capacity. Among the rye cultivars, the hybrid one presented the highest yield potential, but also the highest susceptibility to the occurrence of ergot sclerotia. However, the rye cultivars, especially the landraces, were characterized by higher concentrations of minerals, soluble fibers, and soluble phenolic acids, and thus both their flours and breads had superior antioxidant properties. A 40% substitution of refined wheat flour with whole-grain rye flour led to a higher dough water absorption and a lower stability, thereby resulting in lower loaf volumes and darker products. Agronomically and qualitatively speaking, the rye landraces diverged significantly from the conventional rye cultivars, thus reflecting their genetic distinctiveness. The landrace from the Maira Valley shared a high content in phenolic acids and good antioxidant properties with the one from the Susa Valley and, when combined with wheat flour, turned out to be the most suitable for bread making. Overall, the results have highlighted the suitability of reintroducing historic rye supply chains, based on the cultivation of local landraces in marginal environments and the production of value-added bakery goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sardella
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Capo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martino Adamo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Donna
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ravetto Enri
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Vanara
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Lonati
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Mucciarelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Blandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Mulugeta B, Tesfaye K, Ortiz R, Johansson E, Hailesilassie T, Hammenhag C, Hailu F, Geleta M. Marker-trait association analyses revealed major novel QTLs for grain yield and related traits in durum wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1009244. [PMID: 36777537 PMCID: PMC9909559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The growing global demand for wheat for food is rising due to the influence of population growth and climate change. The dissection of complex traits by employing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) allows the identification of DNA markers associated with complex traits to improve the productivity of crops. We used GWAS with 10,045 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to search for genomic regions associated with grain yield and related traits based on diverse panels of Ethiopian durum wheat. In Ethiopia, multi-environment trials of the genotypes were carried out at five locations. The genotyping was conducted using the 25k Illumina Wheat SNP array to explore population structure, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and marker-trait associations (MTAs). For GWAS, the multi-locus Fixed and Random Model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) model was applied. Broad-sense heritability estimates were high, ranging from 0.63 (for grain yield) to 0.97 (for thousand-kernel weight). The population structure based on principal component analysis, and model-based cluster analysis revealed two genetically distinct clusters with limited admixtures. The LD among SNPs declined within the range of 2.02-10.04 Mbp with an average of 4.28 Mbp. The GWAS scan based on the mean performance of the genotypes across the environments identified 44 significant MTAs across the chromosomes. Twenty-six of these MTAs are novel, whereas the remaining 18 were previously reported and confirmed in this study. We also identified candidate genes for the novel loci potentially regulating the traits. Hence, this study highlights the significance of the Ethiopian durum wheat gene pool for improving durum wheat globally. Furthermore, a breeding strategy focusing on accumulating favorable alleles at these loci could improve durum wheat production in the East African highlands and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behailu Mulugeta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Director General, Bio and Emerging Technology Institute (BETin), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Hammenhag
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Faris Hailu
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Polarized light microscopy guarantees the use of autochthonous wheat in the production of flour for the Protected Geographical Indication ‘Galician Bread’. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Climate Change Impact on Wheat Performance—Effects on Vigour, Plant Traits and Yield from Early and Late Drought Stress in Diverse Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063333. [PMID: 35328754 PMCID: PMC8950129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is threatening wheat productivity; improved yield under drought conditions is urgent. Here, diverse spring-wheat lines (modern, old and wheat-rye introgressions) were examined in an image-based early-vigour assay and a controlled-conditions (Biotron) trial that evaluated 13 traits until maturity. Early root vigour was significantly higher in the old Swedish lines (root length 8.50 cm) and introgressed lines with 1R (11.78 cm) and 1RS (9.91 cm) than in the modern (4.20 cm) and 2R (4.67 cm) lines. No significant correlation was noted between early root and shoot vigour. A higher yield was obtained under early drought stress in the 3R genotypes than in the other genotype groups, while no clear patterns were noted under late drought. Evaluating the top 10% of genotypes in terms of the stress-tolerance index for yield showed that root biomass, grains and spikes per plant were accountable for tolerance to early drought, while 1000-grain weight and flag-leaf area were accountable for tolerance to late drought. Early root vigour was determined as an important focus trait of wheat breeding for tolerance to climate-change-induced drought. The responsible genes for the trait should be searched for in these diverse lines. Additional drought-tolerance traits determined here need further elaboration to identify the responsible genes.
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Tsehay S, Ortiz R, Geleta M, Bekele E, Tesfaye K, Johansson E. Nutritional Profile of the Ethiopian Oilseed Crop Noug ( Guizotia abyssinica Cass.): Opportunities for Its Improvement as a Source for Human Nutrition. Foods 2021; 10:1778. [PMID: 34441555 PMCID: PMC8393925 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of noug as a source for human nutrition. Diverse noug genotypes were evaluated for their content and/or composition of total lipids, fatty acids, proteins, and minerals using standard methods. The total lipid content (32.5-45.7%) and the proportion of an essential fatty acid, linoleic acid (72.2-77.8%), were high in noug, compared to other oilseed crops. The proportion of oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, was low in noug (5.2-9.2%). The breeding objective of increasing the oleic acid level in the highland, where noug is mainly cultivated, was limited, as the content of this acid was low in this environment. The seed protein concentration (25.4-27.5%) and mineral content were mainly affected by the cultivation environment, as the high temperature increased the amount of protein, whereas the soil condition was a major factor in the variation of the mineral content. Thus, noug is a unique crop with a high seed oil content, of which a high proportion is linoleic acid. With the exception of the seed oleic acid content, when grown in low-altitude areas, the genotypic variation contributes less than the cultivation environment to the nutritional attributes of noug. Hence, high-oleic-acid noug for lowland production can be targeted as a breeding goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewalem Tsehay
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (S.T.); (R.O.); (E.J.)
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (S.T.); (R.O.); (E.J.)
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (S.T.); (R.O.); (E.J.)
| | - Endashaw Bekele
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (E.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (E.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (S.T.); (R.O.); (E.J.)
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Husenov B, Asaad S, Muminjanov H, Garkava-Gustavsson L, Johansson E. Sustainable Wheat Production and Food Security of Domestic Wheat in Tajikistan: Implications of Seed Health and Protein Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115751. [PMID: 34071913 PMCID: PMC8198249 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Staple crop yield, quality and sustainable production are critical for domestic food security in developing countries. In Tajikistan, both seed-borne diseases and protein quality impair the yield and the quality of the major staple crop, wheat. Here, we used a detailed two-year survey of fields on 21 wheat-producing farms in Tajikistan, combined with lab analyses on seed health and protein quality, to investigate the presence of seed-borne diseases and bread-making quality in Tajik wheat. Seed samples were collected for the analysis of: (i) the presence of common bunt (Tilletia spp.) using the centrifuge wash test, (ii) the major pathogenic fungi on/in the seed using the agar plate test and (iii) the protein amount and size distribution using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). Field occurrence of common bunt and loose smut was generally low (3 farms in year one (14%) showed common bunt occurrence), but the presence of fungi was observed microscopically on most seed samples (on seeds from 19 out of 21 farms = 91%). Tilletia laevis was the dominant agent in common bunt (present in 19 farms compared to T. tritici present in 6 farms). Altogether, 18 different fungi were identified from seed samples by microscopy. Protein composition, measured with high-performance liquid chromatography as protein amount and size distribution (known to correlate with bread-making quality), differed significantly between samples from different farms and years, although the farm type and land elevation of the farm were not the determinants of the protein composition. The presence of certain fungi on the seed correlated significantly with the protein quality and could then have an impact on the bread-making quality of the Tajik wheat. The presence of seed-borne diseases, a low protein content and weak gluten were the characteristics of the majority of the grain samples, mostly irrespective of farm type and farmer’s knowledge. For sustainable development of the Tajik farming systems, and to strengthen the food security of the country, the knowledge of Tajik farmers needs to be increased independently of farm type; in general, plant breeding is required and certified seeds need to be made available throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahromiddin Husenov
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; (L.G.-G.); (E.J.)
- Agronomy Faculty, Tajik Agrarian University Named after Sh. Shohtemur, 146, Rudaki ave., Dushanbe 7340003, Tajikistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +99-29-1912-6017
| | - Siham Asaad
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Dalia Building 2nd Floor, Bashir El Kassar Street, Verdum, Beirut 1108-2010, Lebanon;
| | - Hafiz Muminjanov
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Larisa Garkava-Gustavsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; (L.G.-G.); (E.J.)
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; (L.G.-G.); (E.J.)
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Carotenoid Extraction from Locally and Organically Produced Cereals Using Saponification Method. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are important phytochemicals contributing nutritional health benefits in the human diet, with a significant contribution from cereals as one of the major food component around the world. Different methods have been described and adopted for the extraction and isolation of carotenoid compounds. Saponification can be seen as an option for carotenoid extraction from cereals as it converts retinol esters to retinol and removes other abundant compounds such as triglycerides. Extraction of carotenoids content of locally adapted and organic cereals have been limitedly investigated and was, therefore, evaluated in the present study, with a specific aim to understand genotypic and local cultivation effects and interactions. Therefore, 17 diverse cereal genotypes of local origin were grown organically in four localities and evaluated for carotenoid content and composition by HPLC. The results showed a large variation in content and composition of carotenoids in locally adapted and organically grown cereal genotypes, with lutein as the dominating type in wheat and rye, while zeaxanthin was the dominating type in barley. High-level genotypes showed values (9.9 mg/kg of total carotenoids) similar to the highest values previously reported in specific types of wheat. The barley genotypes showed relatively high stability in carotenoids content within and between cultivation locations, while large interactions were found with the cultivation location for the rest of the genotypes, indicating their local adaptation. The local adaptation of the cereal genotypes evaluated contributes large opportunities for local production of high value, highly nutritious food products, while the direct value of these genotypes for conventional plant breeding for varieties performing similar over broad environmental ranges, are more limited.
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