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Duangjan C, Chang X, Seidler PM, Curran SP. Oolonghomobisflavans from Camellia sinensis disaggregate tau fibrils across Alzheimer's disease models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582120. [PMID: 38464186 PMCID: PMC10925199 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common debilitating neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau fibrils are well-established hallmarks of AD, which can induce oxidative stress, neuronal cell death, and are linked to disease pathology. Here, we describe the effects of Oolonghomobisflavan A (OFA) and Oolonghomobisflavan B (OFB) on tau fibril disaggregation and prionogenic seeding. Transcriptomic analysis of OF-treated animals reveals the induction of a proteostasis-enhancing and health-promoting signature. OFA treatment reduced the burden of Tau protein aggregation in a C. elegans model expressing pathogenic human tau ("hTau-expressing") and promoted Tau disaggregation and inhibited seeding in assays using ex vivo brain-derived paired helical filament tau protein fibrils from Alzheimer's disease brain donors. Correspondingly, treatment with OF improved multiple fitness and aging-related health parameters in the hTau-expressing C. elegans model, including reproductive output, muscle function, and importantly, reversed the shortened lifespan stemming from pathogenic Tau expression. Collectively, this study provides new evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of OFs and reveal a new therapeutic strategy for targeting AD and other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by tauopathy.
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Tang X, Kan Z, Li N, Huang J, Zhang J, Thompson HJ, Gao F, Shen Y, Zhang L, Xie Z, Wan X, Wang Y. Mechanisms underlying large-leaf yellow tea mediated inhibition of cognitive impairment in the 5xFAD model of Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155030. [PMID: 37651754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins. Evidence indicates that AD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share pathophysiological characteristics, including impaired insulin sensitivity. Large-leaf yellow tea (LYT) has been widely recognized for its health benefits, and we previously found that LYT can improve peripheral insulin resistance. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of LYT in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. METHODS HPLC and spectrophotometric methods determined the chemical composition of the LYT extract. 5xFAD mice were treated with LYT supplementation (2 and 4 mg/ml) in drinking water for six months. Barnes and Y mazes were used to evaluate cognitive function, and the open field test assessed anxiety-like behavior. Immunofluorescence, silver, and Nissl staining were used to evaluate the pathological effects of LYT extract. A FRET-based assay assessed β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) activity, ELISA measured Aβ levels in the brain, and Western blot analyses explored protein expression levels. RESULTS Our results revealed that LYT significantly attenuated memory impairment and anxiety levels and alleviated cerebral neural damage. A reduction of senile plaques was also observed in both the cortex and hippocampus. LYT significantly inhibited the activity of BACE1, which resulted in a lower Aβ protein level. In addition, LYT enhanced insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT), further suppressed glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), and ultimately inhibited hyperphosphorylation of the protein Tau. The inhibitory effect of the LYT extract on the phosphorylation of Tau and BACE1 activity was dose-dependent. CONCLUSION LYT improves cognitive ability and reduces Aβ production by inhibiting BACE1 activity. Decreases of Tau protein hyperphosphorylation upon LYT treatment appear to be associated with the regulation of the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β axis. Thus, the findings of this study also provide new evidence that LYT regulates insulin signaling pathways within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Na Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinbao Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Henry J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yijun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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Wirwis A, Sadowski Z. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Optimizing Green Tea Leaf Extraction for Enhanced Physicochemical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30532-30549. [PMID: 37636976 PMCID: PMC10448680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the optimization of green tea leaf (Camellia sinensis L.) extraction, carried out using water and hydroalcoholic solvents, for the subsequent synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The value ranges for independent variables, including pH, time, and temperature, were selected based on single-factor experiments and used for extraction in the order presented by the Box-Behnken design. Three-dimensional response surface graphs were used to visually present the optimization results and determine the optimal extraction conditions: pH = 7, 30 min, 80 °C for water and pH = 5.5, 50 min, and 80 °C for water-ethanol. Our findings indicate that the water-ethanol mixture extracted more polyphenols. We compared the physicochemical properties of AgNPs obtained using both types of extractants via DLS and TEM analysis. We proposed a predicted mechanism for the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs based on the Fourier transform infrared data. The hydroethanolic extract leads to significant nanoparticle aggregation, which can be explained by the nucleation theory and agglomeration of nanoparticles in the presence of excess macromolecular organic substances (flocculation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wirwis
- Department of Process Engineering and
Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Sadowski
- Department of Process Engineering and
Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Joseph DK, Mat Ludin AF, Ibrahim FW, Ahmadazam A, Che Roos NA, Shahar S, Rajab NF. Effects of aerobic exercise and dietary flavonoids on cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1216948. [PMID: 37664425 PMCID: PMC10468597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1216948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Studies have shown that exercise increases angiogenesis and perfusion in the hippocampus, activates neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and increases synaptic plasticity, as well as increases the complexity and number of dendritic spines, all of which promote memory function and protect against cognitive decline. Flavonoids are gaining attention as antioxidants in health promotion due to their rich phenolic content, particularly for their modulating role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite this, there has been no comprehensive review of cognitive improvement supplemented with flavonoid and prescribed with exercise or a combination of the two interventions has been conducted. The purpose of this review is to determine whether a combined intervention produces better results when given together than when given separately. Methods: Relevant articles assessing the effect of physical exercise, flavonoid or in combination on cognitive related biomarkers and neurobehavioral assessments within the timeline of January 2011 until June 2023 were searched using three databases; PubMed, PROQUEST and SCOPUS. Results: A total of 705 articles were retrieved and screened, resulting in 108 studies which are in line with the objective of the current study were included in the analysis. Discussion: The selected studies have shown significant desired effect on the chosen biomarkers and neurobehavioral assessments. Systematic Review Registration: identifier: [CRD42021271001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren Kumar Joseph
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farah Wahida Ibrahim
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amalina Ahmadazam
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Che Roos
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chen Y, Peng F, Yang C, Hou H, Xing Z, Chen J, Liu L, Peng C, Li D. SIRT1 activation by 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine alleviates neuroinflammation via inhibiting M1 microglia polarization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206513. [PMID: 37600790 PMCID: PMC10436537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation has been reported as a potential contributing factor to brain diseases, and is characterized by activated microglia with release of multiple inflammatory mediators. 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an active alkaloid in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and has various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection properties. However, the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of TMP has been less studied and its potential molecular mechanisms in this field remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TMP and its underlying mechanisms in neuroinflammation. Methods In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia were used to assess the effects of TMP on inflammatory cytokines as well as the components of the SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway, which were measured by using ELISA, western blotting, qRT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Moreover, LPS-induced acute neuroinflammation model in mice was performed to detect whether TMP could exert anti-neuroinflammatory effects in vivo, and the EX527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, were given intraperitoneally every two days prior to TMP treatment. Serums and spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5) tissues were collected for ELISA assay, and the Sp5 tissues were used for HE staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results In vitro, TMP treatment significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, promoted SIRT1 protein expression and inactivated NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Interestingly, pretreatment with EX527 blocked the therapeutic effects of TMP on neuroinflammation in vitro. Furthermore, TMP reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and prevented microglia from polarizing towards a pro-inflammatory state through activating SIRT1 and inhibiting NF-κB activation in LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice. And EX527 reversed the beneficial effects of TMP against LPS exposure in mice. Conclusion In summary, this study unravels that TMP could mitigate LPS-induced neuroinflammation via SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Intui K, Nuchniyom P, Laoung-On J, Jaikang C, Quiggins R, Sudwan P. Neuroprotective Effect of White Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Petal Tea in Rats Poisoned with Mancozeb. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112175. [PMID: 37297420 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (N. nucifera) tea is used as food and folk medicine to reduce toxicity in Southeast Asia. Mancozeb (Mz) is used for controlling fungi in agriculture and contains heavy metals. This study aimed to examine the effect of white N. nucifera petal tea on cognitive behavior, hippocampus histology, oxidative stress, and amino acid metabolism in rats poisoned with mancozeb. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups (n = 8 in each). Y-maze spontaneous alternation test was used to assess cognitive behavior, and amino acid metabolism was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) from blood. There was a significant increase in relative brain weight in the Mz co-administered with the highest dose (2.20 mg/kg bw) of white N. nucifera group. The levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, picolinic acid, and serotonin in blood showed a significant decrease in the Mz group and a significant increase in the Mz co-administered with low dose (0.55 mg/kg bw) of white N. nucifera group. However, there was no significant difference in cognitive behavior, hippocampus histology, oxidative stress, and corticosterone. This study demonstrated that a low dose of white N. nucifera petal tea has a neuroprotective effect against mancozeb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketsarin Intui
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pimchanok Nuchniyom
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Laoung-On
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Churdsak Jaikang
- Toxicology Section, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ranida Quiggins
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Paiwan Sudwan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Metabolomics Study Suggests the Mechanism of Different Types of Tieguanyin (Oolong) Tea in Alleviating Alzheimer’s Disease in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050466. [PMID: 35629970 PMCID: PMC9142883 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that three types of Tieguanyin tea (Tgy-Q, Tgy-N and Tgy-C) extracts could alleviate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a mouse model among which Tgy-C was more effective. In this study, APP/PS1 transgenic mice were used to investigate the metabolomic changes in the feces of mice treated with Tieguanyin tea extracts. Results showed that the profile of fecal metabolites was obviously changed in AD mice. Metabolomics analysis found the effects of Tgy-C, especially its decreasing effect on the fecal metabolites in AD mice—132 of the 155 differential metabolites were decreased. KEGG enrichment revealed that differential metabolites could participate in functional pathways including protein digestion and absorption, biosynthesis of amino acids and ABC transporters. Further comparisons of the metabolites between groups showed that although Tgy-N and Tgy-Q exerted a decreasing effect on the fecal metabolites, Tgy-C was more effective. Moreover, correlation analysis found that the levels of the fecal metabolites were highly correlated with the contents of functional components in tea extracts. Finally, 16S rDNA sequencing presented that Tieguanyin extracts modified the gut microbiota by targeting diverse bacteria. In this study, we investigated the differences of three types of Tieguanyin tea extracts on the fecal metabolites as well as the bacterial community of the gut microbiota in AD mice. The identified differential metabolites and the changed intestinal bacteria might provide potential diagnostic biomarkers for the occurrence and progression of AD.
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