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Moreira P, Gonçalves C. Reducing Dietary Sodium and Improving Human Health 2.0. Nutrients 2023; 15:4965. [PMID: 38068823 PMCID: PMC10708344 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue of Nutrients, "Reducing Dietary Sodium and Improving Human Health 2 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- CIAFEL—Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Gonçalves
- Epidemiology Research Unit and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Machado A, Gonçalves C, Moreira P, Pinho O, Padrão P, Silva-Santos T, Rodrigues M, Norton P, Bordalo AA. Iodine intake assessment in the staff of a Porto region university (Portugal): the iMC Salt trial. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03149-1. [PMID: 37079158 PMCID: PMC10117252 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is an ongoing worldwide recognized problem with over two billion individuals having insufficient iodine intake. School-aged children and pregnant women are often target groups for epidemiological studies, but there is a lack of knowledge on the general adult population. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status among a Portuguese public university staff as a proxy for the adult working population. METHODS The population study covered 103 adults within the iMC Salt randomized clinical trial, aged 24-69 years. Urinary iodine concentration was measured spectrophotometrically using the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Iodine food intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. The contribution of discretionary salt to the iodine daily intake was assessed through 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UIE) and potentiometric iodine determination of household salt. RESULTS The mean urine volume in 24 h was 1.5 L. The median daily iodine intake estimated from 24-h UIE was 113 µg/day, being lower among women (p < 0.05). Only 22% of participants showed iodine intake above the WHO-recommended cutoff (150 µg/day). The median daily iodine intake estimated from the 24-h dietary recall was 58 µg/day (51 and 68 µg/day in women and men, respectively). Dairy, including yoghurt and milk products, were the primary dietary iodine source (55%). Iodine intake estimated from 24-h UIE and 24-h dietary recall was moderately correlated (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.34, p < 0.05). The average iodine concentration in household salt was 14 mg I/kg, with 45% of the samples below the minimum threshold preconized by WHO (15 mg I/kg). The contribution of discretionary salt to the daily iodine intake was around 38%. CONCLUSION This study contributes new knowledge about iodine status in Portuguese working adults. The results revealed moderate iodine deficiency, particularly in women. Public health strategies and monitoring programs are needed to ensure iodine adequacy in all population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Machado
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carla Gonçalves
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE - Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Silva-Santos
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Micaela Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Norton
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Ocupacional, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriano A Bordalo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Endaltseva A, Coeurquetin P, Thomas-Danguin T, Poulain JP, Tibère L, Dupuy A. Eater-oriented knowledge framework for reducing salt and dietary sodium intake (scoping review). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1110446. [PMID: 36925961 PMCID: PMC10011657 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1110446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt and dietary sodium are ubiquitously present in daily food practices and, at the same time, reducing salt intake presents an important public health issue. Given such an ambivalent position of salt in human diet, we argue that public health guidelines toward dietary sodium reduction require an eater-oriented knowledge framework. In this article we are making the first steps toward a flexible interdisciplinary database which would include nutritional, socio-economic, cultural, material, and socio-psychological determinants of salt consumption for comprehensive public health campaigns. We employ an explorative scoping review of academic articles and reports, limiting our review to the original data on salt or sodium consumption published in English or French between 2000 and 2022. We describe salt consumption as research object, identifying its representation in different research fields, data sources, methodologies, samples, and links with nutritional recommendations. We synthesize existing approaches via four eater-oriented categories: Socio-demographic and cultural descriptors of salt consumers; Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on nutritional norms; Salt practices associated with dietary or medical regimes; Salt materialities: interactions and contexts. In each category, we identify the dominant relational features, i.e., what kind of 'eater-salt' relation is being put forward. We thus build an interdisciplinary documentary base of dietary sodium consumption factors. We discuss the results, suggesting that comprehensive nutritional policies for global salt reduction require interdisciplinary eater-oriented data frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Coeurquetin
- LISST-Cers UMR, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Thomas-Danguin
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Poulain
- CERTOP UMR CNRS, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France.,ISTHIA, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Tibère
- CERTOP UMR CNRS, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France.,ISTHIA, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Dupuy
- CERTOP UMR CNRS, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France.,ISTHIA, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
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Liu Y, Chen J, Zou B, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Duan M, Wang Y, Dai R, Li X, Jia F. Evaluation of the quality and flavor of salted duck eggs with partial replacement of NaCl by non-sodium metal salts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Estimation of Sodium Availability and Food Sources from 2018 to 2019 and Its Trends during the 2004-2019 Period in Costa Rica. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153200. [PMID: 35956376 PMCID: PMC9370525 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium availability and food sources in 2018−2019 were estimated and trends analyzed for 15 years (2004−2019) in Costa Rica. Food purchase records from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) 2018−2019 were converted to energy and sodium using food composition tables measuring “apparent consumption”. Foods were classified by sodium content. ENIGH is a probabilistic, stratified, two-stage and replicated national survey, carried out regularly by the national statistics institution. Results from the 2004−2005 and 2012−2013 ENIGHs came from previous analysis. Differences between periods were determined through descriptive and inferential statistics. The available sodium adjusted to 2000 kcal/person/day was 3.40, 3.86, and 3.84 g/person/day (g/p/d) for periods 2004−2005, 2013−2014, and 2018−2019, respectively. In this last period, this was 3.94 urban and 3.60 g/p/d rural (p < 0.05), with a non-linear increase with income. During 2004−2019 sodium from salt and salt-based condiments increased from 69.5 to 75.5%; the contribution of common salt increased, from 60.2 to 64.8% and condiments without added salt from 9.3 to 10.7%. From 2012−2013 to 2018−2019, processed and ultra-processed foods with added sodium intake increased from 14.2 to 16.9% and decreased in prepared meals (7.2 to 2.8%). Costa Rica has been successful in reducing salt/sodium available for consumption; after a 12% increase of salt consumption between 2004−2005 and 2012−2013, to a level almost twice as high as recommended, it has stabilized in the last period.
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