1
|
Permadi N, Nurzaman M, Doni F, Julaeha E. Elucidation of the composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of essential oil and extract from Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle peel. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103987. [PMID: 38617568 PMCID: PMC11007538 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The most effective methodologies for generating Musa spp. explants involve the utilization of plant tissue culture micropropagation techniques. However, the pervasive challenge of microbial contamination significantly impedes the successful micropropagation of Musa spp. This study examined the antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics of the essential oil (LPO) and extract (LPE) obtained from the peel of Citrus aurantifolia. Additionally, we explored their mechanisms against common microbial contaminants in Musa spp. micropropagation. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified 28 components in LPO, with δ-limonene, β-pinene, citral, trans-citral, β-bisabolene, geranyl acetate, and α-pinene as the primary constituents. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detected 17 components in LPE, highlighting nobiletin, tangeretin, scoparone, sinensetin, tetramethylscutellarein, 5-demethylnobiletin, and pyropheophorbide A as the predominant compounds. Evaluation using the DPPH and ABTS methods revealed the IC50 values for LPE at 0.66 ± 0.009 and 0.92 ± 0.012 mg/mL, respectively, indicating higher antioxidant activity compared to LPO, with IC50 values of 3.03 ± 0.019 and 4.27 ± 0.023 mg/mL using the same methods. Both LPO and LPE exhibited antimicrobial activities against all tested contaminant microorganisms through in vitro assays. Mechanistic investigations employing time-kill analysis, assessment of cell membrane integrity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed changes in the morphological characteristics of the tested microbial contaminants, intensifying with increased concentration and exposure duration of LPO and LPE. These alterations led to substantial damage, including cell wall lysis, leakage of intracellular components, and subsequent cell death. Consequently, LPO and LPE emerge as promising alternatives for addressing microbial contamination in banana tissue cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandang Permadi
- Doctorate Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Nurzaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Febri Doni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Euis Julaeha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Munir H, Yaqoob S, Awan KA, Imtiaz A, Naveed H, Ahmad N, Naeem M, Sultan W, Ma Y. Unveiling the Chemistry of Citrus Peel: Insights into Nutraceutical Potential and Therapeutic Applications. Foods 2024; 13:1681. [PMID: 38890908 PMCID: PMC11172398 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent millennium has witnessed a notable shift in consumer focus towards natural products for addressing lifestyle-related disorders, driven by their safety and cost-effectiveness. Nutraceuticals and functional foods play an imperative role by meeting nutritional needs and offering medicinal benefits. With increased scientific knowledge and awareness, the significance of a healthy lifestyle, including diet, in reducing disease risk is widely acknowledged, facilitating access to a diverse and safer diet for longevity. Plant-based foods rich in phytochemicals are increasingly popular and effectively utilized in disease management. Agricultural waste from plant-based foods is being recognized as a valuable source of nutraceuticals for dietary interventions. Citrus peels, known for their diverse flavonoids, are emerging as a promising health-promoting ingredient. Globally, citrus production yields approximately 15 million tons of by-products annually, highlighting the substantial potential for utilizing citrus waste in phyto-therapeutic and nutraceutical applications. Citrus peels are a rich source of flavonoids, with concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 g/100 g dry weight, depending on the citrus variety. The most abundant flavonoids in citrus peel include hesperidin and naringin, as well as essential oils rich in monoterpenes like limonene. The peel extracts exhibit high antioxidant capacity, with DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 70 to 90%, comparable to synthetic antioxidants like BHA and BHT. Additionally, the flavonoids present in citrus peel have been found to have antioxidant properties, which can help reduce oxidative stress by 30% and cardiovascular disease by 25%. Potent anti-inflammatory effects have also been demonstrated, reducing inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α by up to 40% in cell culture studies. These findings highlight the potential of citrus peel as a valuable source of nutraceuticals in diet-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussan Munir
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Aysha Imtiaz
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 03802, Pakistan;
| | - Hiba Naveed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Waleed Sultan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kundimi S, Chinta G, Alluri KV, Golakoti T, Veeramachaneni S, Ramanathan G, Sengupta K. A Synergistic Botanical Composition Increases Resting Energy Expenditure and Reduces Adiposity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:286-295. [PMID: 38015050 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2280777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An imbalance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure may result in body fat gain or obesity. Increasing resting energy expenditure (REE) is an attractive strategy for managing body fat gain. The objective of the current study was to generate proof-of-concept data on a synergistic composition (LN19183) of Citrus aurantifolia fruit rind (CA) and Theobroma cacao seed (TC) extracts to increase REE and reduce body fat gain in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. METHOD In in vitro cell-based experiments, CA, TC, or LN19183 were tested for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) production from 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and beta3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) protein expressions in LN19183-treated 3T3-L1 lysates were also tested. The 56-day in vivo study in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (age: 12-14 weeks; body weight [b.w.]: 115-197 g) contained 2 phases of 28 days each of induction and supplementation. Seven rats received a regular rodent diet (RD) over 56 days. In the induction phase, 21 rats received HFD; in the supplementation phase, the obese rats (n = 7) received either HFD alone or in concurrence with a daily oral dose of either 100 or 250 mg/kg b.w. of LN19183 for 28 days. RESULTS In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, LN19183 synergistically increased FGF-21 production and dose-dependently increased β3-AR and UCP-1 protein expression. In HFD-fed rats, both doses of LN19183 supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the body weight gain, total fat mass, and liver weight and increased (p < 0.05) REE. High-dose LN19183 also significantly (p < 0.05) increased fat oxidation and UCP-1 protein expression in white fat tissue and reduced liver triglyceride (TG) level. LN19183-supplemented groups substantially reduced serum TG and glucose levels compared to the HFD rats. CONCLUSIONS LN19183 reduces body fat mass and weight gain via increased REE and fat oxidation in HFD-fed obese rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Kundimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gopichand Chinta
- Department of Medical Affairs, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnaraju Venkata Alluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Trimurtulu Golakoti
- Department of Phytochemistry, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Guru Ramanathan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Krishanu Sengupta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ugwuoke GM, Obi CF, Onu IJ, Idika IK. Therapeutic efficacy of Citrus aurantifolia (lime) juice in experimental Eimeria tenella-infected broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 56:8. [PMID: 38072881 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present experiment was to explore the therapeutic effect of the crude fruit juice of Citrus aurantifolia (CAJ) on Eimeria tenella disorder in chickens. One hundred twenty 3-week-old Ross 308 broilers of equal sexes were assigned to six experimental groups of 20 birds each. Groups A, B, C, D, and E were experimentally infected with 20,000 sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts. Broilers in groups A, B, and C were infected and allocated to three treatment-graded doses of C. aurantifolia fruit juice (20, 10, and 5 mL/kg body weight, respectively) which were administered orally for 7 consecutive days of the trial. Group D was infected and treated with a reference drug, Amprolium 1.5 g/L of drinking water (positive control), group E served as infected-untreated control, and group F was uninfected and non-treated (negative control). Oocysts per gram of feces were counted using the McMaster counting device, weight gain was calculated, and blood samples from each experimental group were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-infection for hematological evaluation. Results revealed that medication of broilers with C. aurantifolia fruit juice dose-dependently increased body weight, improved cecal lesion, decreased the E. tenella oocyst production rate, and significantly (P<0.05) increased the PCV of the infected broilers. C. aurantifolia provided valuable therapeutic effects against E. tenella-induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens. The plant fruit juice should be further validated to explore the vital compounds responsible for the anticoccidial efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garba Matthias Ugwuoke
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Chukwunonso Francis Obi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Juliet Onu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Idika Kalu Idika
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Motelica L, Vasile BS, Ficai A, Surdu AV, Ficai D, Oprea OC, Andronescu E, Mustățea G, Ungureanu EL, Dobre AA. Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Essential Oils. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2470. [PMID: 37896230 PMCID: PMC10610287 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One major problem with the overuse of antibiotics is that the microorganisms acquire resistance; thus the dose must be increased unsustainably. To overcome this problem, researchers from around the world are actively investigating new types of antimicrobials. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been proven to exhibit strong antimicrobial effects; moreover, the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) considers ZnO as GRAS (generally recognized as safe). Many essential oils have antimicrobial activity and their components do not generate resistance over time. One of the drawbacks is the high volatility of some components, which diminishes the antimicrobial action as they are eliminated. The combination of ZnO NPs and essential oils can synergistically produce a stronger antimicrobial effect, and some of the volatile compounds can be retained on the nanoparticles' surface, ensuring a better-lasting antimicrobial effect. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and thermal analysis (TG-DSC) coupled with analysis of evolved gases using FTIR. The ZnO NPs, with a size of ~35 nm, exhibited a loading between 1.44% and 15.62%-the lower values were specific for limonene-containing oils (e.g., orange, grapefruit, bergamot, or limette), while high values were obtained from cinnamon, minzol, thyme, citronella, and lavender oils-highlighting differences among non-polar terpenes and alcohol or aldehyde derivatives. The antibacterial assay indicated the existence of a synergic action among components and a high dependency on the percentage of loaded oil. Loaded nanoparticles offer immense potential for the development of materials with specific applications, such as wound dressings or food packaging. These nanoparticles can be utilized in scenarios where burst delivery is desired or when prolonged antibacterial activity is sought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Motelica
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Stefan Vasile
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian-Vasile Surdu
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Cristian Oprea
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Mustățea
- National R&D Institute for Food Bioresources—IBA Bucharest, Dinu Vintila Street 6, 021102 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Loredana Ungureanu
- National R&D Institute for Food Bioresources—IBA Bucharest, Dinu Vintila Street 6, 021102 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Alexandra Dobre
- National R&D Institute for Food Bioresources—IBA Bucharest, Dinu Vintila Street 6, 021102 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Im HB, Ghelman R, Portella CFS, Hwang JH, Choi D, Kunwor SK, Moraes SDTDA, Han D. Assessing the safety and use of medicinal herbs during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in São Paulo, Brazil. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1268185. [PMID: 37795036 PMCID: PMC10546009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1268185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the lack of evidence supporting the safety and clinical efficacy of herbal medicine (HM), its use among pregnant women continues to increase. Given the high prevalence of contraindicated herbs among the pregnant population in Brazil, it is crucial to examine the use of HM and evaluate its safety based on the current scientific literature to ensure that women are using HM appropriately. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 at a public teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 333 postpartum women in the postnatal wards and postnatal clinic were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The survey instrument consisted of 51 items covering the use of HM during pregnancy, sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, COVID-19 experiences, and pregnancy outcomes. For data analysis, chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were conducted using SPSS ver. 26.0. Results: Approximately 20% of respondents reported using HM during their most recent pregnancy, with a higher use observed among women from ethnic minority groups and those with prior HM experience. Among the 20 medicinal herbs identified, 40% were found to be contraindicated or recommended for use with caution during pregnancy. However, only half of the women discussed their HM use with obstetric care providers. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the continued public health concern regarding the use of contraindicated or potentially harmful HM among pregnant women in Brazil, highlighting the need for sustained efforts to reduce the risk of inappropriate HM use. By updating antenatal care guidelines based on the latest scientific evidence, healthcare providers can make informed clinical decisions and effectively monitor pregnant women's HM use, ultimately promoting safer and more effective healthcare practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyea Bin Im
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ricardo Ghelman
- Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Fábio Schlechta Portella
- Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jung Hye Hwang
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Choi
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangita Karki Kunwor
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dongwoon Han
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|