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Lu W, Ding C, Zhu M. Discrimination of coal geographical origins through HS-GC-IMS assisted with machine learning algorithms in larceny case. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1735:465330. [PMID: 39232421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The process of globalization and industrialization has resulted in a rise in the theft of coal and other related products, thereby becoming a focal point for forensic science. This situation has engendered an escalated demand for effective detection and monitoring technologies. The precise identification of coal trace evidence presents a challenge with current methods, owing to its minute quantity, fine texture, and intricate composition. In this study, we integrated machine learning with the identification of volatiles to accurately differentiate coal geographical origins through the application of headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). The topographic distribution of volatiles in coals was visually depicted to elucidate the subtle distinctions through spectra and fingerprint analysis. Additionally, four supervised machine learning algorithms were developed to quantitatively predict the geographical origins of natural coals utilizing the HS-GC-IMS dataset, and these were subsequently compared with unsupervised models. Remarkable volatile compounds were identified through the quantitative analysis and optimal Random Forest model, which offered a rapid readout and achieved an average accuracy of 100 % in coal identification. Our findings indicate that the integration of HS-GC-IMS and machine learning is anticipated to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of coal geographical traceability, thereby providing a foundation for litigation and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China; Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China.
| | - Chunli Ding
- Characteristic Laboratory of Forensic Science in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Mingshuo Zhu
- Yankuang Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Energy Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
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Chen J, Cai X, Liu J, Yuan C, Yi Y, Qiao M. Investigation of different ingredients affected the flavor changes of Yu-Shiang shredded pork by using GC-IMS and GC-MS combined with E-nose and E-tongue. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31486. [PMID: 38828359 PMCID: PMC11140597 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess and compare the characteristics of Yu-Shiang Shredded Pork made with different ingredients by using physicochemical measurements and intelligent sensory analysis. The study revealed that there were 18 varied amino acids present, with the taste active values (TAVs) of Leu, Glu, Asp, Asn, and Ala all higher than 1.0. Intelligent sensory analysis showed that the samples lacking lettuce and fungus had similar aromas and flavors, while those lacking shredded pork and pickled chillies had distinct aromas and flavors. Moreover, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) were detected in five types of Yu-Shiang Shredded Pork, with 43, 42, 53, 36, and 50 identified in GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), respectively. Olefins (20.62 %-30.93 %) were the most abundant. GC-IMS (gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry) detected 68 volatiles flavor compounds, with esters having a significantly higher relative content than other compounds, indicating their significant role in the flavor formation process of Yu-Shiang Shredded Pork. Furthermore, the Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model analysis identified 19 marker compounds that could differentiate the five types of Yu-Shiang Shredded Pork. These fundamental results lay the groundwork for future research on the connection between ingredients and the flavor characteristics of Yu-Shiang Shredded Pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
- College of Food, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Xuemei Cai
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Junliang Liu
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
- College of Food, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Can Yuan
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
- College of Food, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Yuwen Yi
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Mingfeng Qiao
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, 610213, China
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Qiao M, Xiong H, Cai X, Jiang Y, Zhao X, Miao B. Evaluation of Loquat Jam Quality at Different Cooking Times Based on Physicochemical Parameters, GC-IMS and Intelligent Senses. Foods 2024; 13:340. [PMID: 38275707 PMCID: PMC10815106 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The study compared and analyzed the quality of loquat jam with different cooking times through physicochemical parameters, headspace-gas chromatography-ion migration spectroscopy (HS-GC-IMS) and intelligent senses. The results showed that with the prolongation of the cooking time, the color of loquat jam slowly deepened, the energy significantly increased, the adhesiveness, gumminess, hardness and chewiness enhanced, the free amino acid content increased from 22.40 to 65.18 mg/g. The organic acid content increased from 1.64 to 9.82 mg/g. Forty-seven volatile flavor compounds were identified in five types of loquat jam using HS-GC-IMS, among which the relative content of aldehydes was sharply higher than that of other chemical substances, playing an important role in the flavor formation of loquat jam. LJ0, LJ1 and LJ2 had higher aldehyde content, followed by LJ3 and LJ4 had the lowest aldehyde content. The orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) screened 15 marker compounds that could distinguish five types of loquat jam. The E-nose results showed a significant difference in olfactory sense between loquat jam cooked for 100 and 120 min. The E-tongue results corroborated the results of free amino acids (FAAs) and organic acids, indicating that the gustatory sense of loquat jam changed significantly when the cooking time reached 120 min. The results provided a basis for further research on the relationship between the cooking process and quality characteristics of loquat jam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Qiao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.Q.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (H.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Huan Xiong
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (H.X.); (X.C.)
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xuemei Cai
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (H.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Yuqin Jiang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.Q.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.Q.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Baohe Miao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.Q.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
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Wen J, Wang Y, He Y, Shu N, Cao W, Sun Y, Yuan P, Sun B, Yan Y, Qin H, Fan S, Lu W. Flavor Quality Analysis of Ten Actinidia arguta Fruits Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:7559. [PMID: 38005281 PMCID: PMC10674867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinidia arguta is a fruit crop with high nutritional and economic value. However, its flavor quality depends on various factors, such as variety, environment, and post-harvest handling. We analyzed the composition of total soluble sugars, titratable acids, organic acids, and flavor substances in the fruits of ten A. arguta varieties. The total soluble sugar content ranged from 4.22 g/L to 12.99 g/L, the titratable acid content ranged from 52.55 g/L to 89.9 g/L, and the sugar-acid ratio ranged from 5.39 to 14.17 at the soft ripe stage. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that citric, quinic, and malic acids were the main organic acids in the A. arguta fruits. Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) detected 81 volatile compounds in 10 A. arguta varieties, including 24 esters, 17 alcohols, 23 aldehydes, 7 ketones, 5 terpenes, 2 acids, 1 Pyrazine, 1 furan, and 1 benzene. Esters and aldehydes had the highest relative content of total volatile compounds. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) based on the odor activity value (OAV) revealed that myrcene, benzaldehyde, methyl isobutyrate, α-phellandrene, 3-methyl butanal, valeraldehyde, ethyl butyrate, acetoin, (E)-2-octenal, hexyl propanoate, terpinolene, 1-penten-3-one, and methyl butyrate were the main contributors to the differences in the aroma profiles of the fruits of different A. arguta varieties. Ten A. arguta varieties have different flavors. This study can clarify the differences between varieties and provide a reference for the evaluation of A. arguta fruit flavor, variety improvement and new variety selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Wen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yanli He
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Nan Shu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130018, China
| | - Weiyu Cao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yining Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Pengqiang Yuan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Bowei Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yiping Yan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Hongyan Qin
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Shutian Fan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Wenpeng Lu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
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