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Sultana S, Azlan A, Mohd Desa MN, Mahyudin NA, Anburaj A. A review of CRISPR-Cas and PCR-based methods for the detection of animal species in the food chain-current challenges and future prospects. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:213-227. [PMID: 38284970 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2304577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Regular testing and systematic investigation play a vital role to ensure product safety. Until now, the existing food authentication techniques have been based on proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid-based assays. Among various deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based methods, the recently developed Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) based bio-sensing is an innovative and fast-expanding technology. The CRISPR/Cas-9 is known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats due to the flexibility and simplicity of the CRISPR/Cas9 site-specific editing tool has been applied in many biological research areas such as Gene therapy, cell line development, discovering mechanisms of disease, and drug discovery. Nowadays, the CRISPR-Cas system has also been introduced into food authentication via detecting DNA barcodes of poultry and livestock both in processed and unprocessed food samples. This review documents various DNA based approaches, in an accessible format. Future CRISPR technologies are forecast while challenges are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Ainy Mahyudin
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Amaladoss Anburaj
- Centre for Aquaculture and Veterinary Science (CAVS), School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
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Nakanishi H, Takada A, Yoneyama K, Sakai K, Saito K. Simplified detection of the species of origin of antler velvets using single-stranded tag hybridization chromatographic printed-array strip. J Nat Med 2023; 77:998-1004. [PMID: 37574465 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a convenient and easy-to-use origin identification method for antler velvets based on a simple DNA extraction technique and single-stranded tag hybridization chromatographic printed-array strip (STH-PAS). The primer sets used to detect Cervus elaphus, Rangifer tarandus, and 12S rRNA did not engage in non-specific reactions such as primer dimer formation. In both the triplex and singleplex assays, the sensitivity was < 1 ng DNA. Moreover, Cervus elaphus DNA could be detected in OTC crude drug products. Although the detection sensitivity resulting from the simplified extraction was slightly lower than that obtained with extraction by conventional methods, the amount of DNA was sufficient even from a small sample. The choice of a triplex or singleplex assay will depend on the purpose of the test. For example, if it is important to determine whether the antler velvet is derived from Cervus elaphus or Rangifer tarandus, a triplex assay is appropriate. If it is necessary to explore whether antler velvet from Cervus elaphus is included in an OTC crude drug product, a singleplex assay using the Cervus elaphus primer set is informative. If it is necessary to explore whether powdered antler velvet includes counterfeit products (from Rangifer tarandus), a singleplex assay employing the Rangifer tarandus primer is appropriate. The singleplex assay detects minor components even at a 1,000:1 ratio. Our study thus demonstrated the utility of a method combining simple DNA extraction with STH-PAS for efficient identification of the origin of antler velvets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nakanishi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.
| | - Aya Takada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
- Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 4-21-18, Otsuka, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-0012, Japan
| | - Katsumi Yoneyama
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 4-21-18, Otsuka, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Saito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
- Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 4-21-18, Otsuka, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-0012, Japan
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Li GW, Luo YQ, Fan YY, Xian LY, Song Y, Chen XD, Luo WH, Sun DM, Wei M. Species identification of Bungarus multicinctus, Bungarus fasciatus, and Lycodon rufozonatus in Chinese medicinal crude drugs and extracts using capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2023.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Chaudhary P, Kumar Y. Recent Advances in Multiplex Molecular Techniques for Meat Species Identification. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zenke P, Zorkóczy OK, Lehotzky P, Ózsvári L, Pádár Z. Molecular Sexing and Species Detection of Antlered European Hunting Game for Forensic Purposes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030246. [PMID: 35158570 PMCID: PMC8833381 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The reasons behind illegal hunting can be widely different. There are also tricky methods that hunters use in the attempt to legalize their illegally-acquired trophies, specifically, introducing them in later seasons, and registering the eviscerated corpses as hinds. During certain periods of the year, hunters are only able to acquire a license for the shooting of female deer exclusively, with the male-hunting season beginning later. The eviscerated and decapitated carcass of the animal delivered to the wild game processing house cold store can be falsely registered as a female based on phenotype. If the hunting association suspects that the animal’s sex has been falsely reported, a forensic genetic investigation can be proposed. In other criminal events, there are no carcasses at all. When several biological remains left on the crime scene need to be tested, a fast and cost-effective detection of a given species or species-group might be substantial before subsequent analysis. Therefore, sex and species detection can provide an early-stage credibility to the resolution of illegal activities related to trophy animals, and additionally may disclose potential poaching disputes. Abstract Molecular sexing techniques are widely applied in conservation biology, although the range of forensically validated methods is fairly limited. The primary aim of this work was to develop forensically validated assays, using two PCR panels for sex and species assignment for the abundant antlered European game species: red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama). Segments of the SRY and Amelogenin X/Y genes for sex determination, additionally species-specific cytochrome b regions for species detection were targeted and separately amplified in two multiplex reactions. These assays can reliably analyze trace amounts of DNA. The results of both can easily be visualized and interpreted practically, either on agarose gel or by capillary electrophoresis. These simple, fast molecular assays are able to affect the early-stage resolution of disputed or unsolved poaching cases, without the need of individualization or sequencing of forensic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zenke
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Orsolya Krisztina Zorkóczy
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Pál Lehotzky
- Hungarian Hunters’ National Chamber, Medve u. 34-40., H-1027 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Ózsvári
- Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Pádár
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
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Pan TY, Kou HS, Wu SM, Wang CC. Identifiable universal fluorescent multiplex PCR equipped with capillary electrophoresis for genotyping of exons 1 to 5 in human red and green pigment genes. Talanta 2022; 241:123199. [PMID: 35033897 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenital red and green color blindness is the most X-linked recessive disorder in humans caused by deletions or gross structural rearrangements of the visual pigment gene array that lead to altered the functions of visual pigments in their retina differ from normal. The incidence is about 7-10% in male and close association of X-linked recessive disorders (such as: hemophilia A, hemophilia B, duchenne muscular dystrophy). However, the traditional genetic analysis methods are time-consuming and low-efficiencies. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop a rapid method for genotyping of red and green pigment genes. We describe herein the first method for simultaneous evaluation of ten exons in the red and green pigment genes for genetic analysis. A forward specific primers with identifiable universal fluorescent multiplex PCR (FSIUFM-PCR) method utilized one universal primer (containing two universal non-human sequences) and forward specific primers in the multiplex PCR reaction system for simultaneously fluorescent labeling of eleven gene fragments (ten exons in red and green pigment genes and one internal standard). All the PCR products were analyzed on capillary electrophoresis with short-end injection, which had the advantage of high resolution and rapid separation. Of all 80 detected individuals, 7 subjects with color vision deficiencies (including 3 subjects only had red exons 1-5, 4 subjects had a specific red-green or green-red hybrid gene and 73 subjects with normal color vision). All genotyping results showed good agreement with DNA sequencing data. This method provided a better potential technique for genotyping and identifying of red and green pigment genes. In addition, FSIUFM-PCR method will be useful in many fields, such as diagnosis of diseases, analysis of polymorphisms and quantitative assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Pan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hwang-Shang Kou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shou-Mei Wu
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chun-Chi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112631. [PMID: 34828912 PMCID: PMC8618353 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased consumption of seafood products, food fraud with fish resources has been continuously reported. In particular, codfish has been exploited worldwide as a processed product in fresh, frozen, smoked, canned, or ready-to-eat dish forms. However, it is challenging to identify processed fish products after processing because of their similar morphological characteristics. Substitution and mislabeling of codfish among different species are also happening deliberately or unintentionally. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish cod species to prevent fish adulteration and food fraud. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR for simultaneously identifying five cod species within Gadidae using capillary electrophoresis. Then, their species-specific primer sets were designed by targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Subsequently, the amplicon sizes obtained were 237 bp, 204 bp, 164 bp, 138 bp, and 98 bp for Atlantic cod, Pacific cod, blue whiting, haddock, and Alaska pollock, respectively. The specificity of each primer was further tested using 19 fish species, and no cross-reactivity was observed. The limit of detection of this multiplex PCR assay was 1 pg. The developed multiplex PCR assay can be applied to 40 commercial food products successfully. This detection method will be efficient for managing seafood authentication by simultaneously analyzing multiple cod species.
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Ghemrawi M, Fischinger F, Duncan G, Dukes MJ, Guilliano M, McCord B. Developmental validation of SpeID: A pyrosequencing-based assay for species identification. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 55:102560. [PMID: 34507077 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In crime scenes, biological exhibits are often human in origin, yet biological stains from other fauna may also be present at a crime scene, creating confusion during an investigation. Furthermore, identifying the source of a biological sample can be critical during an investigation. To identify the presence of biological material from non-human sources, it is common to use genetic markers within mitochondrial DNA such as cytochrome b, 16S rRNA, and 12S rRNA genes. This process usually requires DNA sequencing, a process that is neither quick nor easy. In general, a faster, more standardized method for species identification from tissue and body fluids is desirable.For this reason, we have developed a vertebrate specific real-time quantitation method that is followed by an automated pyrosequencing-based procedure that sequences a short fragment within the 12S rRNA gene. Using no more than 35 bases, the assay can distinguish between 32 different species commonly found in and around a household with a turnaround time of 6 h from extraction to sequencing. -Using this procedure, up to 48 samples can be run at a time without the need for expensive reagents or bioinformatic skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Ghemrawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | | | - George Duncan
- Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Fl 33004, United State
| | | | | | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Valdés A, Álvarez-Rivera G, Socas-Rodríguez B, Herrero M, Cifuentes A. Capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics: Advances and applications in the period February 2019-February 2021. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:37-56. [PMID: 34473359 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a revision of the main applications of capillary electromigration methods in food analysis and Foodomics. Articles that were published during the period February 2019-February 2021 are included. The work shows the multiple CE methods that have been developed and applied to analyze different types of molecules in foods. Namely, CE methods have been applied to analyze amino acids, biogenic amines, carbohydrates, chiral compounds, contaminants, DNAs, food additives, heterocyclic amines, lipids, secondary metabolites, peptides, pesticides, phenols, pigments, polyphenols, proteins, residues, toxins, vitamins, small organic and inorganic compounds, as well as other minor compounds. The last results on the use of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing, including recent microchips developments and new applications of CE in Foodomics, are discussed too. The new procedures of CE to investigate food quality and safety, nutritional value, storage and bioactivity are also included in the present review work.
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Chen X, Ji Y, Li K, Wang X, Peng C, Xu X, Pei X, Xu J, Li L. Development of a Duck Genomic Reference Material by Digital PCR Platforms for the Detection of Meat Adulteration. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081890. [PMID: 34441667 PMCID: PMC8394454 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-cost meat, such as duck, is frequently used to adulterate more expensive foods like lamb or beef in many countries. However, the lack of DNA-based reference materials has limited the quality control and detection of adulterants. Here, we report the development and validation of duck genomic DNA certified reference materials (CRMs) through the detection of the duck interleukin 2 (IL2) gene by digital PCR (dPCR) for the identification of duck meat in food products. The certified value of IL2 in CRMs was 5.78 ± 0.51 × 103 copies/μL with extended uncertainty (coverage factor k = 2) based on IL2 quantification by eight independent collaborating laboratories. Quantification of the mitochondrial gene cytb revealed a concentration of 2.0 × 106 copies/μL, as an information value. The CRMs were also used to determine the limit of detection (LOD) for six commercial testing kits, which confirmed that these kits meet or exceed their claimed sensitivity and are reliable for duck detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (C.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Yi Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (C.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Kai Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (K.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (C.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (C.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (C.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Xinwu Pei
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (K.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Junfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (C.P.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (K.L.); (X.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (L.L.)
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Amaral JS. Target and Non-Target Approaches for Food Authenticity and Traceability. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010172. [PMID: 33467007 PMCID: PMC7830973 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joana S. Amaral
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal; ; Tel.: +351-273-383-138
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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