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Machunguene M, Guilundo SV, Oliveira RS, Martins CM, Quilambo OA. Assessment of heavy metals and human health risk associated with the consumption of crops cultivated in industrial areas of Maputo, Mozambique. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38733327 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2024.2349478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate heavy metals concentrations in soils and vegetables (cabbage, lettuce, and cassava) cultivated at Matola and Beluluane Industrial Parks, and to assess health risks linked to their consumption through estimated daily intake, hazard index (HI), and incremental lifetime cancer risk. Concentrations of Al, As, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined in the two sites. Soil concentrations of As at Beluluane site and As, Cd, and Cr at Matola site exceeded reference limits of the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, showing heavy metal contamination. At Beluluane site, all studied vegetables presented As and Pb levels higher than reference limits, Cd concentrations were higher than the reference limit in cabbage, lettuce, and cassava leaves. At Matola site crops concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb exceeded the reference limits. Zinc exceeded the reference limit in all crops except in cabbage. HIs for vegetables from Beluluane exceeded 1.0 in cabbage (2.66), lettuce (2.27), and cassava leaves (2.37). Likewise, at Matola, HIs exceeded 1.0 in lettuce (1.67), cassava leaves (1.65), and root tubers (13). We found that vegetables cultivated in industrial parks present high carcinogenic risk due to heavy metal contamination, rendering them unsuitable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Machunguene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sónia V Guilundo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rui S Oliveira
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia M Martins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Orlando A Quilambo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
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Egbune EO, Ezedom T, Orororo OC, Egbune OU, Avwioroko OJ, Aganbi E, Anigboro AA, Tonukari NJ. Solid-state fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:259. [PMID: 37493900 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a promising technology for producing value-added products from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). In this process, microorganisms are grown on cassava biomass without the presence of free-flowing liquid. Compared to other processing methods, SSF has several advantages, such as lower costs, reduced water usage, and higher product yields. By enhancing the content of bioactive compounds like antioxidants and phenolic compounds, SSF can also improve the nutritional value of cassava-based products. Various products, including enzymes, organic acids, and biofuels, have been produced using SSF of cassava. Additionally, SSF can help minimize waste generated during cassava processing by utilizing cassava waste as a substrate, which can reduce environmental pollution. The process has also been explored for the production of feed and food products such as tempeh and cassava flour. However, optimizing the process conditions, selecting suitable microbial strains, and developing cost-effective production processes are essential for the successful commercialization of SSF of cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egoamaka O Egbune
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria.
- Tonukari Biotechnology Laboratory, Sapele, Delta state, Nigeria.
| | - Theresa Ezedom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Osuvwe C Orororo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Olisemeke U Egbune
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Oghenetega J Avwioroko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Eferhire Aganbi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
- Georgia State University, J. Mack Robinson College of Business, 3348 Peachtree Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30326, USA
| | - Akpovwehwee A Anigboro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Nyerhovwo J Tonukari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
- Tonukari Biotechnology Laboratory, Sapele, Delta state, Nigeria
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Gomez MA, Berkoff KC, Gill BK, Iavarone AT, Lieberman SE, Ma JM, Schultink A, Karavolias NG, Wyman SK, Chauhan RD, Taylor NJ, Staskawicz BJ, Cho MJ, Rokhsar DS, Lyons JB. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 in cassava attenuates toxic cyanogen production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1079254. [PMID: 37007603 PMCID: PMC10064795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1079254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a starchy root crop that supports over a billion people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This staple, however, produces the neurotoxin cyanide and requires processing for safe consumption. Excessive consumption of insufficiently processed cassava, in combination with protein-poor diets, can have neurodegenerative impacts. This problem is further exacerbated by drought conditions which increase this toxin in the plant. To reduce cyanide levels in cassava, we used CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis to disrupt the cytochrome P450 genes CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 whose protein products catalyze the first step in cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis. Knockout of both genes eliminated cyanide in leaves and storage roots of cassava accession 60444; the West African, farmer-preferred cultivar TME 419; and the improved variety TMS 91/02324. Although knockout of CYP79D2 alone resulted in significant reduction of cyanide, mutagenesis of CYP79D1 did not, indicating these paralogs have diverged in their function. The congruence of results across accessions indicates that our approach could readily be extended to other preferred or improved cultivars. This work demonstrates cassava genome editing for enhanced food safety and reduced processing burden, against the backdrop of a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Gomez
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kodiak C. Berkoff
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Baljeet K. Gill
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Anthony T. Iavarone
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Samantha E. Lieberman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jessica M. Ma
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Alex Schultink
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas G. Karavolias
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Stacia K. Wyman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Nigel J. Taylor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian J. Staskawicz
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Myeong-Je Cho
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Rokhsar
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
- Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jessica B. Lyons
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Sangpueak R, Saengchan C, Laemchiab K, Kiddeejing D, Siriwong S, Thumanu K, Hoang NH, Phansak P, Buensanteai K. Flour on Gluten-Free Muffins from Different Edible Cassava Varieties in Thailand. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244053. [PMID: 36553796 PMCID: PMC9778515 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In Thailand new edible cassava varieties have been developed to be used in the food industry. The aim of this research was to analyze the difference between flour from three cassava varieties and to evaluate the suitability and quality of flour for gluten-free muffins. The physico-chemical properties of flour from three varieties were studied. The results showed the moisture content of flour was between 10.65 ± 0.01 and 10.85 ± 0.45%. Total protein content was highly significant with a difference of 1.97 ± 0.00%, 2.15 ± 0.01%, and 2.18 ± 0.01%, respectively. Moreover, ash and fat in each flour were highly significant. Amylose content was 19.93 ± 0.47%, and the viscosity was 6286.00 ± 1.52 mPa.s. The color of flour values of L* a* b* value was not statistically different in each variety of flour. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used for the biochemical change in flour. The PCA and cluster analysis results revealed that cassava flour from Pirun 6 was different from Pirun 2 and Pirun 4. After that, the test using selected cassava flour from Pirun 6 to test the physical properties and sensory attributes of gluten-free muffins compared with wheat flour found that gluten-free muffins were overall better than basic muffins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungthip Sangpueak
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chanon Saengchan
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kansinee Laemchiab
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Dusadee Kiddeejing
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Supatcharee Siriwong
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Phansak
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand
| | - Kumrai Buensanteai
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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de Carvalho RRB, Bandeira e Sousa M, de Oliveira LA, de Oliveira EJ. Phenotypic diversity and selection in biofortified cassava germplasm for yield and quality root traits. EUPHYTICA: NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF PLANT BREEDING 2022; 218:173. [PMID: 36405300 PMCID: PMC9668781 DOI: 10.1007/s10681-022-03125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing carotenoid content and improving other root quality traits has been the focus of cassava biofortification. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the genetic variability for total carotenoid content (TCC), as well as for root yield and root quality attributes; (ii) estimate potentially useful correlations for selection; and (iii) select parents for breeding and estimate the genetic gain. Data from 2011 to 2020 of 265 cassava genotypes with cream and yellow roots were analyzed for dry matter content (DMC), shoot yield, fresh root yield (FRY), dry root yield (DRY), harvest index, average number of roots per plant, starch content, root pulp color, cyanogenic compounds, and TCC. The best linear unbiased predictions showed great phenotypic variation for all traits. Six distinct groups were formed for productive characteristics of root quality, mainly TCC, DMC and FRY. Only TCC showed high broad-sense heritability ( h 2 = 0.72), while the other traits had low to medium magnitude (0.21 ≤ h 2 ≤ 0.60). TCC was strongly correlated with pulp color (r = 0.70), but null significance for DMC. The network analysis identified a clear separation between the agronomic and quality attributes of cassava roots. The selection of the 30 genotypes for recombination in the breeding program has the potential to raise TCC by 27.05% and reduce the cyanogenic compounds content by 23.03%, in addition to increasing FRY and DRY by 22.72% and 22.95%, respectively. This is the first consolidated study on the potential of germplasm for the development biofortified cassava cultivars in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravena Rocha Bessa de Carvalho
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA 44380-000 Brazil
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Akpoghelie PO, Edo GI, Akhayere E. Proximate and nutritional composition of beer produced from malted sorghum blended with yellow cassava. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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de Carvalho RRB, Marmolejo Cortes DF, Bandeira e Sousa M, de Oliveira LA, de Oliveira EJ. Image-based phenotyping of cassava roots for diversity studies and carotenoids prediction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263326. [PMID: 35100324 PMCID: PMC8803208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotyping to quantify the total carotenoids content (TCC) is sensitive, time-consuming, tedious, and costly. The development of high-throughput phenotyping tools is essential for screening hundreds of cassava genotypes in a short period of time in the biofortification program. This study aimed to (i) use digital images to extract information on the pulp color of cassava roots and estimate correlations with TCC, and (ii) select predictive models for TCC using colorimetric indices. Red, green and blue images were captured in root samples from 228 biofortified genotypes and the difference in color was analyzed using L*, a*, b*, hue and chroma indices from the International Commission on Illumination (CIELAB) color system and lightness. Colorimetric data were used for principal component analysis (PCA), correlation and for developing prediction models for TCC based on regression and machine learning. A high positive correlation between TCC and the variables b* (r = 0.90) and chroma (r = 0.89) was identified, while the other correlations were median and negative, and the L* parameter did not present a significant correlation with TCC. In general, the accuracy of most prediction models (with all variables and only the most important ones) was high (R2 ranging from 0.81 to 0.94). However, the artificial neural network prediction model presented the best predictive ability (R2 = 0.94), associated with the smallest error in the TCC estimates (root-mean-square error of 0.24). The structure of the studied population revealed five groups and high genetic variability based on PCA regarding colorimetric indices and TCC. Our results demonstrated that the use of data obtained from digital image analysis is an economical, fast, and effective alternative for the development of TCC phenotyping tools in cassava roots with high predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravena Rocha Bessa de Carvalho
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
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ELISABETH DAA, UTOMO JS, BYJU G, GINTING E. Cassava flour production by small scale processors, its quality and economic feasibility. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.41522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erliana GINTING
- Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Indonesia
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