1
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Hasan N, Bhuyan MM, Jeong JH. Single/Multi-Network Conductive Hydrogels-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2030. [PMID: 39065347 PMCID: PMC11281081 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels made from conductive organic materials have gained significant interest in recent years due to their wide range of uses, such as electrical conductors, freezing resistors, biosensors, actuators, biomedical engineering materials, drug carrier, artificial organs, flexible electronics, battery solar cells, soft robotics, and self-healers. Nevertheless, the insufficient level of effectiveness in electroconductive hydrogels serves as a driving force for researchers to intensify their endeavors in this domain. This article provides a concise overview of the recent advancements in creating self-healing single- or multi-network (double or triple) conductive hydrogels (CHs) using a range of natural and synthetic polymers and monomers. We deliberated on the efficacy, benefits, and drawbacks of several conductive hydrogels. This paper emphasizes the use of natural polymers and innovative 3D printing CHs-based technology to create self-healing conductive gels for flexible electronics. In conclusion, advantages and disadvantages have been noted, and some potential opportunities for self-healing single- or multi-network hydrogels have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Murshed Bhuyan
- Department of Mechanical, Smart and Industrial Engineering (Mechanical Engineering Major), Gachon University 1342, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Mechanical, Smart and Industrial Engineering (Mechanical Engineering Major), Gachon University 1342, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Moon SH, Park TY, Cha HJ, Yang YJ. Photo-/thermo-responsive bioink for improved printability in extrusion-based bioprinting. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100973. [PMID: 38322663 PMCID: PMC10844750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Extrusion-based bioprinting has demonstrated significant potential for manufacturing constructs, particularly for 3D cell culture. However, there is a greatly limited number of bioink candidates exploited with extrusion-based bioprinting, as they meet the opposing requirements for printability with indispensable rheological features and for biochemical functionality with desirable microenvironment. In this study, a blend of silk fibroin (SF) and iota-carrageenan (CG) was chosen as a cell-friendly printable material. The SF/CG ink exhibited suitable viscosity and shear-thinning properties, coupled with the rapid sol-gel transition of CG. By employing photo-crosslinking of SF, the printability with Pr value close to 1 and structural integrity of the 3D constructs were significantly improved within a matter of seconds. The printed constructs demonstrated a Young's modulus of approximately 250 kPa, making them suitable for keratinocyte and myoblast cell culture. Furthermore, the high cell adhesiveness and viability (maximum >98%) of the loaded cells underscored the considerable potential of this 3D culture scaffold applied for skin and muscle tissues, which can be easily manipulated using an extrusion-based bioprinter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyung Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Medical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
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3
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Gupta D, Singh AK, Bellare J. Natural bone inspired core-shell triple-layered gel/PCL/gel 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065027. [PMID: 37879307 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad06c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite technological advancements in bone tissue engineering, it is still a challenge to fabricate a scaffold with high bioactivity as well as high mechanical strength that can promote osteogenesis as well as bear load. Here we developed a 3D printed gel-polymer multi-layered hybrid scaffold. The innermost layer is porous gel-based framework made of gelatin/carboxymethyl-chitin/nano-hydroxyapatite and is cryogenically 3D printed. Further, the second and middle layer of micro-engineered polycaprolactone (PCL) is infused in the gel with controlled penetration and tuneable coating thickness. The PCL surface is further coated with a third and final thin layer of gel matrix used for the first layer. This triple-layered structure demonstrates compression strength and modulus of 13.07 ± 1.15 MPa and 21.8 ± 0.82 MPa, respectively, post 8 weeks degradation which is >3000% and >700% than gel scaffold. It also shows degradation of 6.84 ± 0.70% (83% reduction than gel scaffold) after 12 weeks and swelling of 69.09 ± 6.83% (81% reduction) as compared to gel scaffolds. Further, nearly 300%, 250%, 50%, and 440% increase in cellular attachment, proliferation, protein generation, and mineralization, respectively are achieved as compared to only PCL scaffolds. Thus, these hybrid scaffolds offer high mechanical strength, slow degradation rate, high bioactivity, and high osteoconductivity. These multifunctional scaffolds have potential for reconstructing non-load-bearing bone defects like sinus lift, jaw cysts, and moderate load-bearing like reconstructing hard palate, orbital palate, and other craniomaxillofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Central Research Facility (CRF), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Tata Centre for Technology and Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering (WRCB), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Rajabi M, Cabral JD, Saunderson S, Ali MA. 3D printing of chitooligosaccharide-polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel inks for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1468-1481. [PMID: 37066870 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, lack of functional hydrogel inks has limited 3D printing applications in tissue engineering. This study developed a series of photocurable hydrogel inks based on chitooligosaccharide (COS)-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) for extrusion-based 3D printing of bone tissue scaffolds. The scaffolds were prepared by aza-Michael addition of COS and PEGDA followed by photopolymerisation of unreacted PEGDA. The hydrogel inks showed sufficient shear thinning properties required for extrusion 3D printing. The printed scaffolds exhibited excellent shape fidelity and fine microstructure with a resolution of 250 μm. By increasing the COS content, the swelling ratio of the scaffolds decreased, while the compressive strength increased. 3D printed COS-PEGDA scaffolds showed high viability of human bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. In addition, scaffolds containing 2 wt% COS showed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and bioactivity in simulated body fluid compared to the control (PEGDA). Altogether, 3D printed COS-PEGDA scaffolds represent promising candidates for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Rajabi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jaydee D Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Saunderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Azam Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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5
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Hakim Khalili M, Zhang R, Wilson S, Goel S, Impey SA, Aria AI. Additive Manufacturing and Physicomechanical Characteristics of PEGDA Hydrogels: Recent Advances and Perspective for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102341. [PMID: 37242919 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this brief review, we discuss the recent advancements in using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. PEGDA hydrogels are highly attractive in biomedical and biotechnology fields due to their soft and hydrated properties that can replicate living tissues. These hydrogels can be manipulated using light, heat, and cross-linkers to achieve desirable functionalities. Unlike previous reviews that focused solely on material design and fabrication of bioactive hydrogels and their cell viability and interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), we compare the traditional bulk photo-crosslinking method with the latest three-dimensional (3D) printing of PEGDA hydrogels. We present detailed evidence combining the physical, chemical, bulk, and localized mechanical characteristics, including their composition, fabrication methods, experimental conditions, and reported mechanical properties of bulk and 3D printed PEGDA hydrogels. Furthermore, we highlight the current state of biomedical applications of 3D PEGDA hydrogels in tissue engineering and organ-on-chip devices over the last 20 years. Finally, we delve into the current obstacles and future possibilities in the field of engineering 3D layer-by-layer (LbL) PEGDA hydrogels for tissue engineering and organ-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hakim Khalili
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Rujing Zhang
- Sophion Bioscience A/S, Baltorpvej 154, 2750 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Wilson
- Sophion Bioscience A/S, Baltorpvej 154, 2750 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saurav Goel
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Susan A Impey
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Adrianus Indrat Aria
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
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6
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Malekpour A, Chen X. Printability and Cell Viability in Extrusion-Based Bioprinting from Experimental, Computational, and Machine Learning Views. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020040. [PMID: 35466222 PMCID: PMC9036289 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technology to apply biomaterials precisely with living cells (referred to as bioink) layer by layer to create three-dimensional (3D) functional constructs for tissue engineering. Printability and cell viability are two critical issues in the extrusion bioprinting process; printability refers to the capacity to form and maintain reproducible 3D structure and cell viability characterizes the amount or percentage of survival cells during printing. Research reveals that both printability and cell viability can be affected by various parameters associated with the construct design, bioinks, and bioprinting process. This paper briefly reviews the literature with the aim to identify the affecting parameters and highlight the methods or strategies for rigorously determining or optimizing them for improved printability and cell viability. This paper presents the review and discussion mainly from experimental, computational, and machine learning (ML) views, given their promising in this field. It is envisioned that ML will be a powerful tool to advance bioprinting for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Malekpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (X.C.)
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7
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Giliomee J, du Toit LC, Klumperman B, Choonara YE. Investigation of the 3D Printability of Covalently Cross-Linked Polypeptide-Based Hydrogels. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7556-7571. [PMID: 35284718 PMCID: PMC8908529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 3D printability of poly(l-lysine-ran-l-alanine) and four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (P(KA)/4-PEG) hydrogels as 3D biomaterial inks was investigated using two approaches to develop P(KA)/4-PEG into 3D biomaterial inks. Only the "composite microgel" inks were 3D printable. In this approach, P(KA)/4-PEG hydrogels were processed into microparticles and incorporated into a polymer solution to produce a composite microgel paste. Polymer solutions composed of either 4-arm PEG-acrylate (4-PEG-Ac), chitosan (CS), or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were used as the matrix material for the composite paste. The three respective composite microgel inks displayed good 3D printability in terms of extrudability, layer-stacking ability, solidification mechanism, and 3D print fidelity. The biocompatibility of P(KA)/4-PEG hydrogels was retained in the 3D printed scaffolds, and the biofunctionality of bioinert 4-PEG and PVA hydrogels was enhanced. CS-P(KA)/4-PEG inks demonstrated excellent 3D printability and proved highly successful in printing scaffolds with a narrow strand diameter (∼200 μm) and narrow strand spacing (∼500 μm) while the integrity of the vertical and horizontal pores was maintained. Using different needle IDs and strand spacing, certain physical properties of the hydrogels could be tuned, while the 3D printed porosity was kept constant. This included the surface area to volume ratio, the macropore sizes, and the mechanical properties. The scaffolds demonstrated adequate adhesion and spreading of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts seeded on the scaffold surfaces for 4 days. Consequently, the scaffolds were considered suitable for potential applications in wound healing, as well as other soft tissue engineering applications. Apart from the contribution to new 3D biomaterial inks, this work also presented a new and facile method of processing covalently cross-linked hydrogels into 3D printed scaffolds. This could potentially "unlock" the 3D printability of biofunctional hydrogels, which are generally excluded from 3D printing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnel Giliomee
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South
Africa
| | - Lisa C. du Toit
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South
Africa
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, De Beers Street, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South
Africa
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8
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Sardelli L, Tunesi M, Briatico-Vangosa F, Petrini P. 3D-Reactive printing of engineered alginate inks. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8105-8117. [PMID: 34525160 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00604e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a common component of bioinks due to its well-described ionic crosslinking mechanism and tunable viscoelastic properties. Extrusion-based 3D-printing of alginate inks requires additives, such as gelatin and Pluronic, pre- or post-printing crosslinking processes and/or coextrusion with crosslinkers. In this work, we aim to develop a different printing approach for alginate-based inks, introducing 3D-reactive printing. Indeed, the control over the crosslinking kinetics and the printing time allowed printing different inks while maintaining their final composition unaltered to identify a suitable formulation in terms of printability. Alginate solutions were crosslinked with insoluble calcium salts (CaCO3) inducing a dynamic modification of their microstructure and viscoelastic properties over time. The monitoring of fiber printability and internal microstructure, at different time points of ink gelation, was performed by means of a well-defined set of rheological tests to obtain a priori ink properties for the a posteriori 3D-printing process. This new perspective allowed 3D-reactive printing of alginate fibers with predetermined properties, without involving post-extrusion crosslinking steps and additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sardelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Tunesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Wang T, Han Y, Wu Z, Qiu S, Rao Z, Zhao C, Zhu Q, Quan D, Bai Y, Liu X. Tissue-Specific Hydrogels for 3D Printing and Potential Application in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:161-174. [PMID: 34309417 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel (dECM-G) has demonstrated its significant tissue-specificity, high biocompatibility, and versatile utilities in tissue engineering. However, the low mechanical stability and fast degradation are major drawbacks for its application in 3D printing. Herein, we report a hybrid hydrogel system consisting of dECM-Gs and photocrosslinkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), which resulted in significantly improved printability and structural fidelity. These pre-mixed hydrogels retained high bioactivity and tissue-specificity due to their containing dECM-Gs. More specifically, it was realized that the hydrogel containing dECM-G derived from porcine peripheral nerves (GelMA/pDNM-G) effectively facilitated neurite growth and Schwann cell migration from 2D cultured dorsal root ganglion explants. The nerve cells were also encapsulated in the GelMA/pDNM-G hydrogel for 3D culture or underwent cell-laden bioprinting with high cell viability. The preparation of such GelMA/dECM-G hydrogels enabled the recapitulation of functional tissues through extrusion-based bioprinting, which holds great potential for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Yang Han
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Zejia Wu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, School of Chemistry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, Guangdong Guangzhou 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 86-20-84114030;
| | - Zilong Rao
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Cailing Zhao
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Qingtang Zhu
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Daping Quan
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Ying Bai
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, School of Materials Science and Engineering, No. 135 Xin'gangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510275;
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
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10
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Assessment of Naturally Sourced Mineral Clays for the 3D Printing of Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Inks. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030703. [PMID: 33799601 PMCID: PMC8001953 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the possibility of obtaining 3D printed composite constructs using biomaterial-based nanocomposite inks. The biopolymeric matrix consisted of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA). Several types of nanoclay were added as the inorganic component. Our aim was to investigate the influence of clay type on the rheological behavior of ink formulations and to determine the morphological and structural properties of the resulting crosslinked hydrogel-based nanomaterials. Moreover, through the inclusion of nanoclays, our goal was to improve the printability and shape fidelity of nanocomposite scaffolds. The viscosity of all ink formulations was greater in the presence of inorganic nanoparticles as shear thinning occurred with increased shear rate. Hydrogel nanocomposites presented predominantly elastic rather than viscous behavior as the materials were crosslinked which led to improved mechanical properties. The inclusion of nanoclays in the biopolymeric matrix limited hydrogel swelling due the physical barrier effect but also because of the supplementary crosslinks induced by the clay layers. The distribution of inorganic filler within the GelMA-based hydrogels led to higher porosities as a consequence of their interaction with the biopolymeric ink. The present study could be useful for the development of soft nanomaterials foreseen for the additive manufacturing of customized implants for tissue engineering.
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11
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Chopin-Doroteo M, Mandujano-Tinoco EA, Krötzsch E. Tailoring of the rheological properties of bioinks to improve bioprinting and bioassembly for tissue replacement. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129782. [PMID: 33160011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue replacement is among the most important challenges in biotechnology worldwide. SCOPE OF REVIEW We aim to highlight the importance of the intricate feedback between rheological properties and materials science and cell biological parameters in order to obtain an efficient bioink design, supported by various practical examples. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Viscoelastic properties of bioink formulas, rheological properties, injection speed and printing nozzle diameter must be considered in bioink design. These properties are related to cell behavior and the survival rate during and after printing. Mechanosensing can strongly influence epigenetics to modify the final cell phenotype, which can affect the replacement tissue. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In tissue engineering, biotechnologists must consider the biophysical properties and biological conditions of the materials used, as well as the material delivery mode (in a case or tissue) and maturation mode (curing or biomass), to ensure the development off appropriate materials mimicking the native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Chopin-Doroteo
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edna Ayerim Mandujano-Tinoco
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Krötzsch
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Koçak E, Yıldız A, Acartürk F. Three dimensional bioprinting technology: Applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical area. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111396. [PMID: 33075661 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is a technology based on the principle of three-dimensional printing of designed biological materials, which has been widely used recently. The production of biological materials, such as tissues, organs, cells and blood vessels with this technology is alternative and promising approach for organ and tissue transplantation. Apart from tissue and organ printing, it has a wide range of usage, such as in vitro/in vivo modeling, production of drug delivery systems and, drug screening. However, there are various restrictions on the use of this technology. In this review, the process steps, classification, advantages, limitations, usage and application areas of 3D bioprinting technology, materials and auxiliary materials used in this technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Koçak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yıldız
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Acartürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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13
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Da Silva K, Kumar P, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Three-dimensional printing of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking scaffolds: A critical review of the current ECM materials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2324-2350. [PMID: 32363804 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The loss of tissues and organs through injury and disease has stimulated the development of therapeutics that have the potential to regenerate and replace the affected tissue. Such therapeutics have the benefit of reducing the reliance and demand for life-saving organ transplants. Of the several regenerative strategies, 3D printing has emerged as the forerunner in regenerative attempts due to the fact that biologically and anatomically correct 3D structures can be fabricated according to the specified need. Despite the progress in this field, improvement is still limited by the difficulty in fabricating scaffolds that adequately mimic the native cellular microenvironment. In response, despite the complexities of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), the inclusion of ECM components into bioinks has emerged as a cutting-edge research area in terms of providing possible ECM-mimicking abilities of the 3D printed constructs. Furthermore, the development of ECM-mimicking scaffolds can potentially assist in improving personalized patient treatments. This review provides a critical analysis of selected naturally occurring ECM components as well as synthetic self-assembling peptides in their ability to provide the required ECM microenvironment for tissue regeneration. The success and possible short comings of each material, as well as the specific characteristics of each bioink, are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Da Silva
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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14
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Davis-Hall D, Nguyen V, D'Ovidio TJ, Tsai E, Bilousova G, Magin CM. Peptide-Functionalized Hydrogels Modulate Integrin Expression and Stemness in Adult Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900022. [PMID: 32648724 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) controls keratinocyte proliferation, migration, and differentiation through β-integrin signaling. Wound-healing research requires expanding cells in vitro while maintaining replicative capacity; however, early terminal differentiation under traditional culture conditions limits expansion. Here, a design of experiments approach identifies poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel formulations with mechanical properties (elastic modulus, E = 20.9 ± 0.56 kPa) and bioactive peptide sequences that mimic the epidermal ECM. These hydrogels enable systematic investigation of the influence of cell-binding domains from fibronectin (RGDS), laminin (YIGSR), and collagen IV (HepIII) on keratinocyte stemness and β1 integrin expression. Quantification of 14-day keratin protein expression shows four hydrogels improve stemness compared to standard techniques. Three hydrogels increase β1 integrin expression, demonstrating a positive linear relationship between stemness and β1 integrin expression. Multifactorial statistical analysis predicts an optimal peptide combination ([RGDS] = 0.67 mm, [YIGSR] = 0.13 mm, and [HepIII] = 0.02 mm) for maintaining stemness in vitro. Best-performing hydrogels exhibit no decrease in Ki-67-positive cells compared to standards (15% decrease, day 7 to 14; p < 0.05, Tukey Test). These data demonstrate that precisely designed hydrogel biomaterials direct integrin expression and promote proliferation, improving the regenerative capability of cultured keratinocytes for basic science and translational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Davis-Hall
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave, MS C272, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave, MS C272, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tyler J D'Ovidio
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave, MS C272, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ethan Tsai
- Metropolitan State University of Denver, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 173362, Campus Box 52, Denver, CO, 80217-3362, USA
| | - Ganna Bilousova
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, 12800 E. 19th Ave, P18-8125, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Chelsea M Magin
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave, MS C272, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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15
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Gao G, Kim BS, Jang J, Cho DW. Recent Strategies in Extrusion-Based Three-Dimensional Cell Printing toward Organ Biofabrication. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1150-1169. [PMID: 33405637 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reconstructing human organs is one of the ultimate goals of the medical industry. Organ printing utilizing three-dimensional cell printing technology to fabricate artificial living organ equivalents has shed light on the advancement of this field into a new era. Among three currently applied techniques (inkjet, laser-assisted, and extrusion-based), extrusion-based cell printing (ECP) has evoked the majority of interest due to its low cost, wide range of applicable materials, and ease of spatial and depositional controllability. Major challenges in organ reconstruction include difficulties in precisely fabricating complex structural features, creating perfusable and functional vasculatures, and mimicking biophysical and biochemical characteristics in the printed constructs. In this review, we describe the merits and limitations of ECP for organ fabrication and discuss its recent advances aimed at overcoming these challenges. In addition, we delineate the expected future techniques for printing live tissue or organ substitutes.
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16
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Adatia KK, Keller S, Götz T, Tovar GEM, Southan A. Hydrogels with multiple clickable anchor points: synthesis and characterization of poly(furfuryl glycidyl ether)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00755e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional polyacrylamide hydrogels containing multiple furfuryl anchor points for Diels–Alder reactions were prepared employing new macromonomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma K. Adatia
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Silke Keller
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Tobias Götz
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
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