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Liu Y, Liang Y, Yuhong J, Xin P, Han JL, Du Y, Yu X, Zhu R, Zhang M, Chen W, Ma Y. Advances in Nanotechnology for Enhancing the Solubility and Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1469-1495. [PMID: 38707615 PMCID: PMC11070169 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s447496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript offers a comprehensive overview of nanotechnology's impact on the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, with a focus on BCS Class II and IV drugs. We explore various nanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDSs), including lipid-based, polymer-based, nanoemulsions, nanogels, and inorganic carriers. These systems offer improved drug efficacy, targeting, and reduced side effects. Emphasizing the crucial role of nanoparticle size and surface modifications, the review discusses the advancements in NDDSs for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Challenges such as production cost and safety are acknowledged, yet the potential of NDDSs in transforming drug delivery methods is highlighted. This contribution underscores the importance of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical engineering, suggesting it as a significant advancement for medical applications and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushan Liang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuhong
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Xin
- School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li Han
- School of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongle Du
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinru Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runhe Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Ma
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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2
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da Silva Gomes B, Cláudia Paiva-Santos A, Veiga F, Mascarenhas-Melo F. Beyond the adverse effects of the systemic route: Exploiting nanocarriers for the topical treatment of skin cancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115197. [PMID: 38342240 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be divided into two main groups, melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Conventional therapies for skin cancer have numerous systemic side effects and a high recurrence rate. Topical treatment is an alternative approach, but drug permeability remains a challenge. Therefore, nanocarriers appear as important nanotechnology tools that reduces both the side effects and improves clinical outcomes. This is why they are attracting growing interest. In this review, scientific articles on the use of nanocarriers for the topical treatment of skin cancer were collected. Despite the promising results of the presented nanocarriers and considering that some of them are already on the market, there is an urgent need for investment in the development of manufacturing methods, as well as of suitable toxicological and regulatory evaluations, since the conventional methods currently used to develop these nanocarriers-based products are more time-consuming and expensive than conventional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz da Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Development and Drug Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Laboratory of Development and Drug Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Laboratory of Development and Drug Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo
- University of Coimbra, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Higher School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Rua da Cadeia, 6300 - 307 Guarda, Portugal.
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3
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Almeleebia T, Akhter MH, Khalilullah H, Rahman MA, Ahmad S, Alam N, Ali MS, Khan G, Alanazi IM, Shahzad N, Alalmaie A. Co-Delivery of Naringin and Ciprofloxacin by Oleic Acid Lipid Core Encapsulated in Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Alginate Nanoparticle Composite for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6845-6860. [PMID: 38371782 PMCID: PMC10870392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A novel combination of antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CIP) with herbal counterpart naringin (NAR) was encapsulated by an oleic acid lipid core and carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-CS)/Alginate (AG) nanoparticle composite (CIP + NAR-CM-CS/AG-NPs) for improved antimicrobial efficacy of antibiotic. Herein, this study explored the design and preparation of a composite system that enables to deliver both CIP and NAR from the oleic acid lipid core of CM-CS/AG nanoparticles using a nonsolvent ionic gelation technique. The nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated with improved long-acting antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The optimized composition was investigated for physicochemical properties particle size, particle distribution, and ζ-potential. A diverse array of analytical tools was employed to characterize the optimized formulation including DSC, XRD, Malvern Zetasizer for particle size, ζ-potential, TEM, and SEM. Further, the preparation was investigated for % drug release, flux determination, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. The formulation stability was tested for 90 days and also evaluated formulation stability in fetal bovine serum to inspect the modification in physicochemical characteristics. NPs size was determined at 85 nm, PDI, and ζ-potential was recorded at 0.318, and 0.7 ± 0.4 mV. The % CIP and NAR entrapment efficiency and % loading were incurred as 91 ± 1.9, and 89.5 ± 1.2; 11.5 ± 0.6, and 10.8 ± 0.5%, respectively. The drug release erupted in the beginning phase followed by sustained and prolonged release for 48 h. The analytical experiments by DSC ensured the noninteracting and safe use of excipients in combination. X-ray studies demonstrated the amorphous state of the drug in the formulation. The insignificant alteration of formulation characteristics in FBS suggested stable and robust preparation. Storage stability of the developed formulation ensured consistent and uniform stability for three months. The DPPH assays demonstrated that NAR had good antioxidant capacity and supported improving antimicrobial activity of CIP. The hemolytic test suggested the developed formulation was compatible and caused insignificant RBC destruction. The in-house built formulation CIP + NAR-CM-CS/AG-NPs significantly improved the antimicrobial activity compared to CIP alone, offering a novel choice in antimicrobial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani
M. Almeleebia
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of
Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sajid Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mufadhi
M. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah Alalmaie
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha61421, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Akhter MH, Al-Keridis LA, Saeed M, Khalilullah H, Rab SO, Aljadaan AM, Rahman MA, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Ahmad S, Alam N, Ali MS, Khan G, Afzal O. Enhanced drug delivery and wound healing potential of berberine-loaded chitosan-alginate nanocomposite gel: characterization and in vivo assessment. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1238961. [PMID: 38229669 PMCID: PMC10790630 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1238961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine-encapsulated polyelectrolyte nanocomposite (BR-PolyET-NC) gel was developed as a long-acting improved wound healing therapy. BR-PolyET-NC was developed using an ionic gelation/complexation method and thereafter loaded into Carbopol gel. Formulation was optimized using Design-Expert® software implementing a three-level, three-factor Box Behnken design (BBD). The concentrations of polymers, namely, chitosan and alginate, and calcium chloride were investigated based on particle size and %EE. Moreover, formulation characterized in vitro for biopharmaceutical performances and their wound healing potency was evaluated in vivo in adult BALB/c mice. The particle distribution analysis showed a nanocomposite size of 71 ± 3.5 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.45, ζ-potential of +22 mV, BR entrapment of 91 ± 1.6%, and loading efficiency of 12.5 ± 0.91%. Percentage drug release was recorded as 89.50 ± 6.9% with pH 6.8, thereby simulating the wound microenvironment. The in vitro investigation of the nanocomposite gel revealed uniform consistency, well spreadability, and extrudability, which are ideal for topical wound use. The analytical estimation executed using FT-IR, DSC, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated successful formulation with no drug excipients and without the amorphous state. The colony count of microbes was greatly reduced in the BR-PolyET-NC treated group on the 15th day from up to 6 CFU compared to 20 CFU observed in the BR gel treated group. The numbers of monocytes and lymphocytes counts were significantly reduced following healing progression, which reached to a peak level and vanished on the 15th day. The observed experimental characterization and in vivo study indicated the effectiveness of the developed BR-PolyET-NC gel toward wound closure and healing process, and it was found that >99% of the wound closed by 15th day, stimulated via various anti-inflammatory and angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habban Akhter
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Lamya Ahmad Al-Keridis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Aljadaan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- University of Nottingham Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sajid Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Kim S, Day CM, Song Y, Holmes A, Garg S. Innovative Topical Patches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Current Challenges and Key Formulation Considerations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2577. [PMID: 38004557 PMCID: PMC10674480 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, with approximately 6.3 million new cases worldwide in 2019. One of the key management strategies for NMSC is a topical treatment usually utilised for localised and early-stage disease owing to its non-invasive nature. However, the efficacy of topical agents is often hindered by poor drug penetration and patient adherence. Therefore, various research groups have employed advanced drug delivery systems, including topical patches to overcome the problem of conventional topical treatments. This review begins with an overview of NMSC as well as the current landscape of topical treatments for NMSC, specifically focusing on the emerging technology of topical patches. A detailed discussion of their potential to overcome the limitations of existing therapies will then follow. Most importantly, to the best of our knowledge, this work unprecedentedly combines and discusses all the current advancements in innovative topical patches for the treatment of NMSC. In addition to this, the authors present our insights into the key considerations and emerging trends in the construction of these advanced topical patches. This review is meant for researchers and clinicians to consider utilising advanced topical patch systems in research and clinical trials toward localised interventions of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.K.); (C.M.D.); (Y.S.); (A.H.)
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6
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Mir M, Akhter MH, Afzal O, Rab SO, Altamimi ASA, Alossaimi MA, Nasar Mir Najib Ullah S, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Ahmad S, Alam N, Ali MS. Design-of-Experiment-Assisted Fabrication of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles: In Vitro Characterization, Biological Activity, and In Vivo Assessment. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38806-38821. [PMID: 37901564 PMCID: PMC10601053 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (BER) is an alkaloid obtained from berberis plant having broad biological activities including anticancer. BER-encapsulated alginate (ALG)/chitosan (CHS) nanoparticles (BER-ALG/CHS-NPs) were developed for long-acting improved treatment in breast cancer. The surface of the NPs was activated by a conjugation reaction, and thereafter, the BER-ALG/CHS-NP surface was grafted with folic acid (BER-ALG/CHS-NPs-F) for specific targeting in breast cancer. BER-ALG/CHS-NPs-F was optimized by applying the Box-Behnken design using Expert design software. Moreover, formulations are extensively evaluated in vitro for biopharmaceutical performances and tested for cell viability, cellular uptake, and antioxidant activity. The comparative pharmacokinetic study of formulation and free BER was carried out in animals for estimation of bioavailability. The particle size recorded for the diluted sample using a Malvern Zetasizer was 240 ± 5.6 nm. The ζ-potential and the predicted % entrapment efficiency versus (vs) observed were +18 mV and 83.25 ± 2.3% vs 85 ± 3.5%. The high % drug release from the NPs was recorded. The analytical studies executed using infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction expressed safe combinations of the components in the formulation and physical state of the drug revealed to be amorphous in the formulation. Cytotoxicity testing demonstrated that the formulation effectively lowered the cell viability and IC50 of the tested cell line in comparison to a raw drug. The cellular uptake of BER-ALG/CHS-NPs-F was 5.5-fold higher than that of BER-suspension. The antioxidant capacities of BER-ALG/CHS-NPs-F vs BER-suspension by the DPPH assay were measured to be 62.3 ± 2.5% vs 30 ± 6%, indicating good radical scavenging power of folate-conjugated NPs. The developed formulation showed a 4.4-fold improved oral bioavailability compared to BER-suspension. The hemolytic assay intimated <2% destruction of erythrocytes by the developed formulation. The observed experimental characterization results such as cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, antioxidant activity, and improved absorption suggested the effectiveness of BER-ALG/CHS-NPs-F toward breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq
Ahmad Mir
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habban Akhter
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sajid Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Suhandi C, Wilar G, Lesmana R, Zulhendri F, Suharyani I, Hasan N, Wathoni N. Propolis-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for α-Mangostin Delivery: Formulation, Characterization, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation. Molecules 2023; 28:6057. [PMID: 37630309 PMCID: PMC10458397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (a xanthone derivative found in the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L.) and propolis extract (which is rich in flavonoids and phenols) are known for their antioxidant properties, making them potential supplements for the treatment of oxidative stress-related conditions. However, these two potential substances have the same primary drawback, which is low solubility in water. The low water solubility of α-mangostin and propolis can be overcome by utilizing nanotechnology approaches. In this study, a propolis-based nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) system was formulated to enhance the delivery of α-mangostin. The aim of this study was to characterize the formulation and investigate its influence on the antioxidant activity of α-mangostin. The results showed that both unloaded propolis-based NLC (NLC-P) and α-mangostin-loaded propolis-based NLC (NLC-P-α-M) had nanoscale particle sizes (72.7 ± 1.082 nm and 80.3 ± 1.015 nm, respectively), neutral surface zeta potential (ranging between +10 mV and -10 mV), and good particle size distribution (indicated by a polydispersity index of <0.3). The NLC-P-α-M exhibited good entrapment efficiency of 87.972 ± 0.246%. Dissolution testing indicated a ~13-fold increase in the solubility of α-mangostin compared to α-mangostin powder alone. The incorporation into the propolis-based NLC system correlated well with the enhanced antioxidant activity of α-mangostin (p < 0.01) compared to NLC-P and α-mangostin alone. Therefore, the modification of the delivery system by incorporating α-mangostin into the propolis-based NLC overcomes the physicochemical challenges of α-mangostin while enhancing its antioxidant effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecep Suhandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Gofarana Wilar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Ine Suharyani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.S.); (I.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon 45153, Indonesia
| | - Nurhasni Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.S.); (I.S.)
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Farheen M, Akhter MH, Chitme H, Suliman M, Jaremko M, Emwas AH. Surface-Modified Biobased Polymeric Nanoparticles for Dual Delivery of Doxorubicin and Gefitinib in Glioma Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28165-28184. [PMID: 37576633 PMCID: PMC10413376 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a malignant form of brain cancer that is challenging to treat due to the progressive growth of glial cells. To target overexpressed folate receptors in glioma brain tumors, we designed and investigated doxorubicin-gefitinib nanoparticles (Dox-Gefit NPs) and folate conjugated Dox-Gefit NPs (Dox-Gefit NPs-F). Dox-Gefit NPs and Dox-Gefit NPs-F were characterized by multiple techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro release profiles were measured at both physiological and tumor endosomal pH. The cytotoxicity of the Dox-Gefit NP formulations was measured against C6 and U87 glioma cell lines. A hemolysis assay was performed to investigate biocompatibility of the formulations, and distribution of the drugs in different organs was also estimated. The Dox-Gefit NPs and Dox-Gefit NPs-F were 109.45 ± 7.26 and 120.35 ± 3.65 nm in size and had surface charges of -18.0 ± 3.27 and -20.0 ± 8.23 mV, respectively. Dox-Gefit NPs and Dox-Gefit NPs-F significantly reduced the growth of U87 cells, with IC50 values of 9.9 and 3.2 μM. Similarly, growth of the C6 cell line was significantly reduced, with IC50 values of 8.43 and 3.31 μM after a 24 h incubation, in Dox-Gefit NPs and Dox-Gefit NPs-F, respectively. The percentage drug releases of Dox and Gefit from Dox-Gefit NPs at pH 7.4 were 60.87 ± 0.59 and 68.23 ± 0.1%, respectively. Similarly, at pH 5.4, Dox and Gefit releases from NPs were 70.87 ± 0.28 and 69.24 ± 0.12%, respectively. Biodistribution analysis revealed that more Dox and Gefit were present in the brain than in the other organs. The functionalized NPs inhibited the growth of glioma cells due to high drug concentrations in the brain. Folate conjugated NPs of Dox-Gefit could be a treatment option in glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ms Farheen
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248009, India
| | - Md Habban Akhter
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248009, India
| | - Havagiray Chitme
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248009, India
| | - Muath Suliman
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core
Labs, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
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9
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Ahmad I, Farheen M, Kukreti A, Afzal O, Akhter MH, Chitme H, Visht S, Altamimi AS, Alossaimi MA, Alsulami ER, Jaremko M, Emwas AH. Natural Oils Enhance the Topical Delivery of Ketoconazole by Nanoemulgel for Fungal Infections. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28233-28248. [PMID: 37576685 PMCID: PMC10413480 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulgel (NEG) pharmaceutical formulations are gaining popularity because of their ability to serve both as a nanoemulsion and as a gel. These products are well-known for their ease of use, spreadability, controlled release, and ability to hydrate dry skin. Natural essential oils have been shown to promote the cutaneous permeability of topical formulations, enhancing medication safety and efficacy. Herein, we developed NEG for the enhanced permeation of ketoconazole against candidiasis using clove oil (clove-oil-NEG) or eucalyptus oil (eucalyptus-oil-NEG), using the gelling agents carbopol 943 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). We tested various excipients to increase the solubility of ketoconazole and formulate a nanoemulsion (NE). We measured the NE droplet particle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, and drug release. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the optimized nanoemulsion formulation were characterized by techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The NEs were loaded into gels to form NEGs. NEGs were characterized for drug content, homogeneity, rheology, spreadability, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, both in vitro and in vivo. Optimized ketoconazole NEG preparations consisted of either 15% clove oil or 20% eucalyptus oil. Droplet sizes in the optimized NEs were <100 nm, and the polydispersity indexes were 0.24 and 0.26. The percentages of ketoconazole released after 24 h from the clove-oil-NEG and eucalyptus-oil-NEGs were 91 ± 4.5 and 89 ± 7%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the NEGs had a smooth, uniform, and consistent shape and internal structural organization. The drug contents in the clove-oil-NEG and eucalyptus-oil-NEG were 98.5 ± 2.2 and 98.8 ± 3.4%, respectively. Permeation values of ketoconazole from clove-oil-NEG and eucalyptus-oil-NEG were 117 ± 7 and 108.34 ± 6 μg cm-2, respectively. The ketoconazole NEG formulations also had higher levels of fungal growth inhibition than a marketed formulation. Finally, in vivo studies showed that the NEGs do not irritate the skin. Ketoconazole NEG with either 15% clove oil or 20% eucalyptus oil is stable with better efficacy than ketoconazole alone due to excellent dispersion, drug dissolution, and permeability and thus might be recommended for the effective and safe treatment of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmad
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ms Farheen
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Ashish Kukreti
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habban Akhter
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Havagiray Chitme
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Sharad Visht
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | | | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtisam R. Alsulami
- Nursing
Department, Najran Armed Forces Hospital, Najran 66251, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Diaz MJ, Natarelli N, Aflatooni S, Aleman SJ, Neelam S, Tran JT, Taneja K, Lucke-Wold B, Forouzandeh M. Nanoparticle-Based Treatment Approaches for Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:7112-7131. [PMID: 37622997 PMCID: PMC10453819 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30080516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have shown marked promise as both antineoplastic agents and drug carriers. Despite strides made in immunomodulation, low success rates and toxicity remain limitations within the clinical oncology setting. In the present review, we assess advances in drug delivery nanoparticles, for systemic and topical use, in skin cancer treatment. A systematic review of controlled trials, meta-analyses, and Cochrane review articles was conducted. Eligibility criteria included: (1) a primary focus on nanoparticle utility for skin cancer; (2) available metrics on prevention and treatment outcomes; (3) detailed subject population; (4) English language; (5) archived as full-text journal articles. A total of 43 articles were selected for review. Qualitative analysis revealed that nanoscale systems demonstrate significant antineoplastic and anti-metastasis properties: increased drug bioavailability, reduced toxicity, enhanced permeability and retention effect, as well as tumor growth inhibition, among others. Nanoformulations for skin cancers have largely lagged behind those tested in other cancers-several of which have commercialized formulae. However, emerging evidence has indicated a powerful role for these carriers in targeting primary and metastatic skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Natarelli
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Shaliz Aflatooni
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Sarah J. Aleman
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sphurti Neelam
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Kamil Taneja
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Mahtab Forouzandeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
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11
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Prajapat VM, Mahajan S, Paul PG, Aalhate M, Mehandole A, Madan J, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Singh PK. Nanomedicine: A pragmatic approach for tackling melanoma skin cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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12
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Nanoparticles loaded with pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: Biomedical applications and toxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113214. [PMID: 36893664 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologically active natural products have played a significant role in the history of drug development. They have acted as sources of therapeutic drugs for various diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. However, most natural products suffer from poor water solubility and low bioavailability, limiting their clinical applications. The rapid development of nanotechnology has opened up new directions for applying natural products and numerous studies have explored the biomedical applications of nanomaterials loaded with natural products. This review covers the recent research on applying plant-derived natural products (PDNPs) nanomaterials, including nanomedicines loaded with flavonoids, non-flavonoid polyphenols, alkaloids, and quinones, especially their use in treating various diseases. Furthermore, some drugs derived from natural products can be toxic to the body, so the toxicity of them is discussed. This comprehensive review includes fundamental discoveries and exploratory advances in natural product-loaded nanomaterials that may be helpful for future clinical development.
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13
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Kalvodová A, Dvořáková K, Petrová E, Michniak-Kohn BB, Zbytovská J. The Contest of Nanoparticles: Searching for the Most Effective Topical Delivery of Corticosteroids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020513. [PMID: 36839836 PMCID: PMC9962773 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their complicated pathophysiology, the treatment of skin diseases necessitates a complex approach. Conventional treatment using topical corticosteroids often results in low effectiveness and the incidence of local or even systemic side effects. Nanoformulation of potent anti-inflammatory drugs has been selected as an optimal strategy for enhanced topical delivery of corticosteroids. In order to assess the efficiency of various nanoformulations, we formulated hydrocortisone (HC) and hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (HCB) into three different systems: lipid nanocapsules (LNC), polymeric nanoparticles (PNP), and ethosomes (ETZ). The systems were characterized using dynamic light scattering for their particle size and uniformity and the morphology of nanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The nanosystems were tested using ex vivo full thickness porcine and human skin for the delivery of HC and HCB. The skin penetration was observed by confocal microscopy of fluorescently labelled nanosystems. ETZ were proposed as the most effective delivery system for both transdermal and dermal drug targeting but were also found to have a profound effect on the skin barrier with limited restoration. LNC and PNP were found to have significant effects in the dermal delivery of the actives with only minimal transdermal penetration, especially in case of HCB administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kalvodová
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Dvořáková
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Petrová
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bozena B. Michniak-Kohn
- Center for Dermal Research (CDR), Life Sciences Building, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jarmila Zbytovská
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kumar L, Kukreti G, Rana R, Chaurasia H, Sharma A, Sharma N, Komal. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid (PLGA) Nanoparticles and Transdermal Drug Delivery: An Overview. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2940-2953. [PMID: 38173050 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275385231027054743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have garnered pharmaceutical industry attention throughout the past decade. PLGA [Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)] is an excellent biodegradable polymer explored for the preparation of nanoparticles that are administered through various routes like intravenous and transdermal. PLGA's versatility makes it a good choice for the preparation of nanoparticles. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this review paper was to summarize methods of preparation and characterization of PLGA nanoparticles along with their role in the transdermal delivery of various therapeutic agents. METHODS A literature survey for the present review paper was done using various search engines like Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. RESULTS In comparison to traditional transdermal administration systems, PLGA nanoparticles have demonstrated several benefits in preclinical investigations, including fewer side effects, low dosage frequency, high skin permeability, and simplicity of application. CONCLUSION PLGA nanoparticles can be considered efficient nanocarriers for the transdermal delivery of drugs. Nevertheless, the clinical investigation of PLGA nanoparticles for the transdermal administration of therapeutic agents remains a formidable obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara, Punjab 144401, India
| | - Gauree Kukreti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248161, India
| | - Ritesh Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmaceutics), Himachal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (HIPER), Bela-Nadaun, District-Hamirpur, H.P. 177033, India
| | - Himanshu Chaurasia
- Department of Pharmacy, Quantum School of Health Science, Quantum University, Vill. Mandawar (N.H.73) Roorkee-Dehradun Highway, Roorkee, Uttrakhand 247662, India
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shiva Institute of Pharmacy, Chandpur, District-Bilaspur, H.P. 174004, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), Himachal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (HIPER), Bela-Nadaun, District-Hamirpur, H.P. 177033, India
| | - Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140307, India
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15
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Saindane D, Bhattacharya S, Shah R, Prajapati BG. The recent development of topical nanoparticles for annihilating skin cancer. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dnyanesh Saindane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Rahul Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shree S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, India
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16
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Editorial on the Special Issue "Advances in Nanogels". Gels 2022; 8:gels8120835. [PMID: 36547358 PMCID: PMC9778221 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the rise of nanotechnology has led to the design of innovative nano-biomaterials which are used to improve pharmacological therapies and assist with disease diagnosis [...].
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17
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Shree D, Patra CN, Sahoo BM. Novel Herbal Nanocarriers for Treatment of Dermatological Disorders. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:246-256. [PMID: 35733305 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220622123019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the present scenario, the use of novel nanocarriers to provide a better therapy regimen is noteworthy. Nanotechnology with the advanced system enables the herbs for encapsulation within the smart carrier and boosts the nanotherapeutic. These emerging innovations of herbal nanocarriers have paved the way for dermal targeting by eliciting the desired response for particular diseases. METHODS In this current manuscript, an extensive search is conducted for the original research papers using databases, viz., Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, etc. Furthermore, painstaking efforts are made to compile and update the novel herbal nanocarriers, such as liposomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, nanogels, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid carriers, etc., which are mostly used for the treatment of several skin maladies, viz., eczema, psoriasis, acne, etc. This article highlights the recent findings that the innovators are exclusively working on herbal drug delivery systems for dermal targeting, and these are enumerated in the form of tables. CONCLUSION Herbal formulations employing a suitable nanocarrier could be a promising approach for the treatment of several pathological conditions, including skin ailments. Therefore, scientific research is still being carried out in this specific area for a better perspective in herbal drug delivery and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipthi Shree
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India
| | - Chinam Niranjan Patra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India
| | - Biswa Mohan Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India
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18
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Afzal O, Akhter MH, Ahmad I, Muzammil K, Dawria A, Zeyaullah M, Altamimi ASA, Khalilullah H, Mir Najib Ullah SN, Rahman MA, Ali A, Shahzad N, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Abdel Aziz Ibrahim I. A β-Sitosterol Encapsulated Biocompatible Alginate/Chitosan Polymer Nanocomposite for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081711. [PMID: 36015337 PMCID: PMC9416187 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
β−sitosterol is the most abundant type of phytosterol or plant sterol and can be found in various plant dietary sources including natural oils, soy products, and nuts. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic and clinical applications of β−sitosterol including lowering low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels, scavenging free radicals in the body, and interestingly, treating and preventing cancer. This study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing β−sitosterol encapsulated Alginate/Chitosan nanoparticles (β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs) and evaluating their effectiveness in breast cancer treatment and their pharmacokinetic profile in vivo. The synthesized NPs, which incurred a mean size of 25 ± 1 nm, were extensively characterized in vitro for various parameters including surface charge and morphology. The NPs were further analyzed using DSC, FT-IR, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. The release of β−sito from NPs was carried out in a bio-relevant medium of pH 7.4 and pH 5.5 and samples were drawn off and analyzed under time frames of 0, 8, 16, 32, 64, 48, 80, and 96 h, and the best kinetic release model was developed after fitting drug release data into different kinetic models. The metabolic activity of MCF-7 cells treated with the prepared formulation was assessed. The radical scavenging potential of β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs was also studied. The pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, half-life (t1/2), and bioavailability were measured for β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs as compared to β−sito−suspension. The β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs stability was assessed at biological pH 7.4. The % drug release in PBS of pH 7.4 reportedly has shown 41 ± 6% vs. 11 ± 1% from β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs and β−sito−suspension. In acidic pH 5.5 mimicking the tumor microenvironment has shown 75 ± 9% vs. 12 ± 4% drug release from β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs and β−sito−suspension. When compared to the β−sito−suspension, the β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs demonstrated greater cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) and ~3.41-fold higher oral bioavailability. Interestingly, this work demonstrated that β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs showed higher cytotoxicity due to improved bioavailability and antioxidant potential compared to the β−sito−suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habban Akhter
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Dawria
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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