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Song J, Zhang H, Wang ZX, Wang J. The antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity, and chemical composition of Paeonia delavayi petal. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the functional activity and phytochemical compositions in the flower petals of Paeonia delavayi with different colors.
Materials and Methods
P. delavayi petal extracts were prepared by maceration in methanol, including purple petal extract (PPE), red petal extract (RPE) and yellow petal extract (YPE), and their antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were evaluated. To correlate these measured activities to phytochemicals in the petals, UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics method was applied to profile the compositions in the petals of different colors. Finally, the KEGG metabolic pathways database was used to identify the related metabolic pathways that are responsible for the production of these polyphenolic phytochemicals in the petals.
Results
The results showed that PPE had the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the strongest ABTS· + scavenging ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition ability in all three samples, while YPE showed the strongest DPPH· scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibition ability. A total of 232 metabolites were detected in the metabolomic analysis, 198 of which were flavonoids, chalcones, flavonols, and anthocyanins. Correlation analysis indicated that Peonidin-3-O-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside were the major contributors to their antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis showed a clear separation between these three petals. In addition, a total of 38, 98, and 96 differential metabolites were identified in PPE, RPE, and YPE, respectively. Pathway enrichment revealed 6 KEGG pathways displayed significant enrichment differences, of which the anthocyanin biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were the most enriched signaling pathways. It revealed the potential reason for the differences in metabolic and functional levels between different colors of P. delavayi petals.
Conclusions
P. delavayi petals of different colors have different metabolite contents and functional activities, of which the anthocyanin, flavone, and flavonol metabolites are critical in its functional activities, suggesting the anthocyanin biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways be the key pathways responsible for both the petal color and bioactive phytochemicals in P. delavayi flowers.
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Frequency and Spectrum of Mutations Induced by Gamma Rays Revealed by Phenotype Screening and Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020654. [PMID: 35054839 PMCID: PMC8775868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations are an important source of germplasm diversity, as it provides an allele resource that contributes to the development of new traits for plant breeding. Gamma rays have been widely used as a physical agent for mutation creation in plants, and their mutagenic effect has attracted extensive attention. However, few studies are available on the comprehensive mutation profile at both the large-scale phenotype mutation screening and whole-genome mutation scanning. In this study, biological effects on M1 generation, large-scale phenotype screening in M2 generation, as well as whole-genome re-sequencing of seven M3 phenotype-visible lines were carried out to comprehensively evaluate the mutagenic effects of gamma rays on Arabidopsis thaliana. A total of 417 plants with visible mutated phenotypes were isolated from 20,502 M2 plants, and the phenotypic mutation frequency of gamma rays was 2.03% in Arabidopsis thaliana. On average, there were 21.57 single-base substitutions (SBSs) and 11.57 small insertions and deletions (InDels) in each line. Single-base InDels accounts for 66.7% of the small InDels. The genomic mutation frequency was 2.78 × 10−10/bp/Gy. The ratio of transition/transversion was 1.60, and 64.28% of the C > T events exhibited the pyrimidine dinucleotide sequence; 69.14% of the small InDels were located in the sequence with 1 to 4 bp terminal microhomology that was used for DNA end rejoining, while SBSs were less dependent on terminal microhomology. Nine genes, on average, were predicted to suffer from functional alteration in each re-sequenced line. This indicated that a suitable mutation gene density was an advantage of gamma rays when trying to improve elite materials for one certain or a few traits. These results will aid the full understanding of the mutagenic effects and mechanisms of gamma rays and provide a basis for suitable mutagen selection and parameter design, which can further facilitate the development of more controlled mutagenesis methods for plant mutation breeding.
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Zhang J, Peng Z, Liu Q, Yang G, Zhou L, Li W, Wang H, Chen Z, Guo T. Time Course Analysis of Genome-Wide Identification of Mutations Induced by and Genes Expressed in Response to Carbon Ion Beam Irradiation in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091391. [PMID: 34573373 PMCID: PMC8469171 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy-ion irradiation is a powerful mutagen and is widely used for mutation breeding. In this study, using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques, we comprehensively characterized these dynamic changes caused by mutations at three time points (48, 96, and 144 h after irradiation) and the expression profiles of rice seeds irradiated with C ions at two doses. Subsequent WGS analysis revealed that more mutations were detected in response to 40 Gy carbon ion beam (CIB) irradiation than 80 Gy of CIB irradiation at the initial stage (48 h post-irradiation). In the mutants generated from both irradiation doses, single-base substitutions (SBSs) were the most frequent type of mutation induced by CIB irradiation. Among the mutations, the predominant ones were C:T and A:G transitions. CIB irradiation also induced many short InDel mutations. RNA-seq analysis at the three time points showed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was highest at 48 h post-irradiation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs showed that the "replication and repair" pathway was enriched specifically 48 h post-irradiation. These results indicate that the DNA damage response (DDR) and the mechanism of DNA repair tend to quickly start within the initial stage (48 h) after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (Z.P.); (Q.L.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Ziai Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (Z.P.); (Q.L.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Qiling Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (Z.P.); (Q.L.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Guili Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (Z.P.); (Q.L.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Libin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (Z.P.); (Q.L.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (Z.P.); (Q.L.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Tao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (Z.P.); (Q.L.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-20-3860-4903
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Zhou H, Tang K, Li G, Liu W, Yu H, Yuan X, Yang S, Bhattacharyya MK, Feng X. A Robust and Rapid Candidate Gene Mapping Pipeline Based on M2 Populations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:681816. [PMID: 34149782 PMCID: PMC8207192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.681816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The whole-genome sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis (WGS-BSA) has facilitated the mapping candidate causal variations for cloning target plant genes. Here, we report an improved WGS-BSA method termed as M2-seq to expedite the mapping candidate mutant loci by studying just M2 generation. It is an efficient mutant gene mapping tool, rapid, and comparable to the previously reported approaches, such as Mutmap and Mutmap+ that require studying M3 or advanced selfed generations. In M2-seq, background variations among the M2 populations can be removed efficiently without knowledge of the variations of the wild-type progenitor plant. Furthermore, the use of absolute delta single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) index values can effectively remove the background variation caused by repulsion phase linkages of adjacent mutant alleles; and thereby facilitating the identification of the causal mutation in target genes. Here, we demonstrated the application of M2-seq in successfully mapping the genomic regions harboring causal mutations for mutant phenotypes among 10 independent M2 populations of soybean. The mapping candidate mutant genes just in M2 generation with the aid of the M2-seq method should be particularly useful in expediting gene cloning especially among the plant species with long generation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuanqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Guangzhou Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Suxin Yang,
| | - Madan K. Bhattacharyya
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Madan K. Bhattacharyya,
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xianzhong Feng,
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Tang S, Liu DX, Lu S, Yu L, Li Y, Lin S, Li L, Du Z, Liu X, Li X, Ma W, Yang QY, Guo L. Development and screening of EMS mutants with altered seed oil content or fatty acid composition in Brassica napus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1410-1422. [PMID: 33048384 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop in the world, and the mechanism of seed oil biosynthesis in B. napus remains unclear. In order to study the mechanism of oil biosynthesis and generate germplasms for breeding, an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant population with ~100 000 M2 lines was generated using Zhongshuang 11 as the parent line. The EMS-induced genome-wide mutations in M2-M4 plants were assessed. The average number of mutations including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletion in M2-M4 was 21 177, 28 675 and 17 915, respectively. The effects of the mutations on gene function were predicted in M2-M4 mutants, respectively. We screened the seeds from 98 113 M2 lines, and 9415 seed oil content and fatty acid mutants were identified. We further confirmed 686 mutants with altered seed oil content and fatty acid in advanced generation (M4 seeds). Five representative M4 mutants with increased oleic acid were re-sequenced, and the potential causal variations in FAD2 and ROD1 genes were identified. This study generated and screened a large scale of B. napus EMS mutant population, and the identified mutants could provide useful genetic resources for the study of oil biosynthesis and genetic improvement of seed oil content and fatty acid composition of B. napus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liangqian Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengli Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhuolin Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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