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Wang Y, Li T, Yu S, Gong Y, Zhang M, Wu Y, Liu W, Sun J, Chen J, Sun X. The central retinal thickness and its related genotype in ABCA4-related retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03104-2. [PMID: 38740961 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To further explore the influence of genotype, including mutation type and structural domain, on the severity of macular atrophy, we measured the central retinal thickness (CRT) in patients with ABCA4-related retinopathy. METHODS A total of 66 patients were included in the cohort. This was a retrospective investigation. The patients were tested using whole exon sequencing and ophthalmic exams, including slip lamp exams, best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography, fundus photo, and fundus autofluorescence. RESULTS In this study, we discovered that mutations on nucleotide binding domains (NBD) lead to less CRT (45.00 ± 25.25μm, 95% CI: 31.54-58.46) had significantly less CRT than the others (89.75 ± 71.17μm, 95% CI: 30.25-149.25, p = 0.032), and could accelerate the rate of CRT decrease. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new perspectives in the understanding of ABCA4-related retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suqin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junran Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Sajovic J, Meglič A, Corradi Z, Khan M, Maver A, Vidmar MJ, Hawlina M, Cremers FPM, Fakin A. ABCA4 Variant c.5714+5G>A in Trans With Null Alleles Results in Primary RPE Damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:33. [PMID: 37728905 PMCID: PMC10516765 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the disease pathogenesis associated with the frequent ABCA4 variant c.5714+5G>A (p.[=,Glu1863Leufs*33]). Methods Patient-derived photoreceptor precursor cells were generated to analyze the effect of c.5714+5G>A on splicing and perform a quantitative analysis of c.5714+5G>A products. Patients with c.5714+5G>A in trans with a null allele (i.e., c.5714+5G>A patients; n = 7) were compared with patients with two null alleles (i.e., double null patients; n = 11); with a special attention to the degree of RPE atrophy (area of definitely decreased autofluorescence and the degree of photoreceptor impairment (outer nuclear layer thickness and pattern electroretinography amplitude). Results RT-PCR of mRNA from patient-derived photoreceptor precursor cells showed exon 40 and exon 39/40 deletion products, as well as the normal transcript. Quantification of products showed 52.4% normal and 47.6% mutant ABCA4 mRNA. Clinically, c.5714+5G>A patients displayed significantly better structural and functional preservation of photoreceptors (thicker outer nuclear layer, presence of tubulations, higher pattern electroretinography amplitude) than double null patients with similar degrees of RPE loss, whereas double null patients exhibited signs of extensive photoreceptor ,damage even in the areas with preserved RPE. Conclusions The prototypical STGD1 sequence of events of primary RPE and secondary photoreceptor damage is congruous with c.5714+5G>A, but not the double null genotype, which implies different and genotype-dependent disease mechanisms. We hypothesize that the relative photoreceptor sparing in c.5714+5G>A patients results from the remaining function of the ABCA4 transporter originating from the normally spliced product, possibly by decreasing the direct bisretinoid toxicity on photoreceptor membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sajovic
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Meglič
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zelia Corradi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mubeen Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aleš Maver
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Jarc Vidmar
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Frans P. M. Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Wąsowska A, Sendecki A, Boguszewska-Chachulska A, Teper S. Polygenic Risk Score and Rare Variant Burden Identified by Targeted Sequencing in a Group of Patients with Pigment Epithelial Detachment in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1707. [PMID: 37761846 PMCID: PMC10531282 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of ophthalmic imaging examination results from 334 patients were subjected to reanalysis to identify a specific group of patients with pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in at least one eye. Overall, we found a subgroup of 47 patients manifesting PED and studied their genotypes in comparison to those of patients with age-related macular degeneration without PED and healthy controls. We established a polygenic risk score that allowed the explanation of 16.3% of the variation within the disease. The highest predictive value was achieved for a model consisting of six non-coding variants: rs760306 (BEST1), rs148662546 (BEST1), rs11569560 (C3), rs74600252 (GUCA1B), rs2240688 (PROM1), and rs185507582 (TCF4). The risk of PED occurrence was found to be the highest in the first tercile, showing a 7.89-fold higher risk compared to the third tercile for AMD without PED (95% CI: 2.87; 21.71, p < 0.001) and a 7.22-fold higher risk compared to the healthy controls (95% CI: 2.60; 20.06, p < 0.001). In addition, we focused on rare variants in targeted genes. The rare variants' burden was compared among the groups, but no statistical significance was observed in the number of rare variants, predicted functional effects, or pathogenicity classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wąsowska
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Genomed S.A., 02-972 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Adam Sendecki
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Sławomir Teper
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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McClinton B, Crinnion LA, McKibbin M, Mukherjee R, Poulter JA, Smith CEL, Ali M, Watson CM, Inglehearn CF, Toomes C. Targeted nanopore sequencing enables complete characterisation of structural deletions initially identified using exon-based short-read sequencing strategies. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023:e2164. [PMID: 36934458 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread adoption of exome sequencing has greatly increased the rate of genetic diagnosis for inherited conditions. However, the detection and validation of large deletions remains challenging. While numerous bioinformatics approaches have been developed to detect deletions from whole - exome sequencing and targeted panels, further work is typically required to define the physical breakpoints or integration sites. Accurate characterisation requires either expensive follow - up whole - genome sequencing or the time - consuming, laborious process of PCR walking, both of which are challenging when dealing with the repeat sequences which frequently intersect deletion breakpoints. The aim of this study was to develop a cost-effective, long-range sequencing method to characterise deletions. METHODS Genomic DNA was amplified with primers spanning the deletion using long-range PCR and the products purified. Sequencing was performed on MinION flongle flowcells. The resulting fast5 files were basecalled using Guppy, trimmed using Porechop and aligned using Minimap2. Filtering was performed using NanoFilt. Nanopore sequencing results were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Four cases with deletions detected following comparative read-depth analysis of targeted short-read sequencing were analysed. Nanopore sequencing defined breakpoints at the molecular level in all cases including homozygous breakpoints in EYS, CNGA1 and CNGB1 and a heterozygous deletion in PRPF31. All breakpoints were verified by Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a quick, accurate and cost - effective method is described to characterise deletions identified from exome, and similar data, using nanopore sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin McClinton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Laura A Crinnion
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,North East and Yorkshire Genomic Laboratory Hub, Central Lab, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin McKibbin
- Department of Ophthalmology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - James A Poulter
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire E L Smith
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Manir Ali
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christopher M Watson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,North East and Yorkshire Genomic Laboratory Hub, Central Lab, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Carmel Toomes
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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5
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Kamenarova K, Mihova K, Veleva N, Mermeklieva E, Mihaylova B, Dimitrova G, Oscar A, Shandurkov I, Cherninkova S, Kaneva R. Panel-based next-generation sequencing identifies novel mutations in Bulgarian patients with inherited retinal dystrophies. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1997. [PMID: 35656873 PMCID: PMC9356554 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based method is being used broadly for genetic testing especially for clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders, such as inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) but still not routinely used for molecular diagnostics in Bulgaria. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a molecular diagnostic approach, based on targeted NGS for the identification of the disease-causing mutations in 16 Bulgarian patients with different IRDs. METHODS We applied a customized NGS panel, including 125 genes associated with retinal and other eye diseases to the patients with hereditary retinopathies. RESULTS Systematic filtering approach coupled with copy number variation analysis and segregation study lead to the identification of 16 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 12/16 (75%) of IRD patients, 2 of which novel (12.5%): ABCA4-c.668delA (p.K223Rfs18) and RР1-c.2015dupA (p.K673Efs*25). Mutations in the ABCA4, PRPH2, USH2A, BEST1, RР1, CDHR1, and RHO genes were detected reaching a diagnostic yield between 42.9% for Retinitis pigmentosa cases and 100% for macular degeneration, Usher syndrome, and cone-rod dystrophy patients. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the usefulness of targeted NGS approach based on frequently mutated genes as a comprehensive and successful genetic diagnostic tool for IRDs with significant impact on patients counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunka Kamenarova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Laboratory of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Mihova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Laboratory of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nevyana Veleva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Mermeklieva
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Hospital "Lozenetz", Medical Faculty, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Galina Dimitrova
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Oscar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Sylvia Cherninkova
- Department of Neurology, University hospital "Alexandrovska", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Laboratory of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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6
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Chen L, Wang N, Lai M, Hou F, He J, Fan X, Yao X, Wang R. Clinical and genetic investigations in Chinese families with retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1030-1038. [PMID: 35410501 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221085711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe clinical and genetic characteristics in a series of Chinese patients with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa, a total of 20 unrelated Chinese pedigrees with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa were evaluated. Complete ophthalmic examinations data including the Humphrey visual field, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, full-field electroretinography, and fundus fluorescence were collected and analyzed. Targeted exome sequencing was utilized to investigate variations in 260 known genes of inherited retinal disease, including the 90 known causative retinitis pigmentosa genes. We initially identified the potential candidate variants in the pedigrees, then validated the variants using the Sanger sequencing and performed segregation analysis to verify that the variants constituted disease-causing mutations in these pedigrees. We detected three novel (likely) pathogenic and eight previously reported (likely) pathogenic variations in nine genes reported to be related to non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa in nine of the pedigrees. We report clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with retinitis pigmentosa and novel mutations responsible for non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa in Chinese pedigrees, expanding the number of gene mutations associated with this disorder and clarifying its genetic basis in the Chinese population. These data will help with rapid and efficient molecular diagnosis and the study of targeted treatment for retinitis pigmentosa in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Mingying Lai
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fei Hou
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xianming Fan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yao
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ruijuan Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, P.R. China
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7
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Pandova MG, Abduljalil T, Elshafey AE, Abdelmoaty SMA, Albastawisy HI, Bastaki LA, Alsaleh H, Kozak I, AlMerjan JI. Inherited retinal dystrophies in a Kuwaiti tribe. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:438-445. [PMID: 35272565 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2045509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and genetic spectrum of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) in a Kuwaiti tribe. METHODS Forty four patients with IRDs from 28 nuclear families from the tribe, were evaluated for presenting symptoms, visual acuity, fundus examination, OCT, microperimetry, full-field (ff), and multifocal electroretinography (mERG) and genotyping. RESULTS Seventeen patients were diagnosed with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) associated with RP1 c.606C>A with onset of nictalopia in the third decade, myopia, and macular atrophy by the age of 50; eleven with autosomal recessive cone/rod dystrophy or macular dystrophy associated with RP1 c.606C>A (p.Asp202Glu) mutation with color and central vision deterioration in teenage, myopia, paracentral ring scotoma and macular atrophy; eleven were with arRP associated with PDE6B c.992 + 1 G > A mutation with onset around 5 years, myopia, cataract, retained central fixation, and ellipsoid zone and late perimacular atrophy; five-with Leber congenital amaurosis associated with homozygous RPGRIP1 for c.1107delA mutation with extinguished ffERG and electrophysiological phenotype of rod and cone; and one patient-with autosomal recessive rod-cone dystrophy associated with homozygous PDE6B c.992 + 1 G > A, who was homozygous ABCA4 c.5882 G > A and heterozygous EYS; c.2137 + 1 G > A. CONCLUSIONS This study represents a typical tribe from the Middle East with high rate of consanguinity for many generations that harbors multiple mutated genes associated with IRD. It demonstrates the predominant phenotype and its variability in retinal disorders caused by identical mutations and illustrates the nuances in the clinical presentation and disease progression of patients with pathogenic mutations in more than one gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Pandova
- Ophthalmology Department, Kuwait Oil Company Hospital, Kuwait
| | - T Abduljalil
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - A E Elshafey
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | | | | | - L A Bastaki
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - H Alsaleh
- Aldukhan Eye Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - I Kozak
- Moorfields Eye Hospital Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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8
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Schneider N, Sundaresan Y, Gopalakrishnan P, Beryozkin A, Hanany M, Levanon EY, Banin E, Ben-Aroya S, Sharon D. Inherited retinal diseases: Linking genes, disease-causing variants, and relevant therapeutic modalities. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101029. [PMID: 34839010 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically complex and heterogenous group of visual impairment phenotypes caused by pathogenic variants in at least 277 nuclear and mitochondrial genes, affecting different retinal regions, and depleting the vision of affected individuals. Genes that cause IRDs when mutated are unique by possessing differing genotype-phenotype correlations, varying inheritance patterns, hypomorphic alleles, and modifier genes thus complicating genetic interpretation. Next-generation sequencing has greatly advanced the identification of novel IRD-related genes and pathogenic variants in the last decade. For this review, we performed an in-depth literature search which allowed for compilation of the Global Retinal Inherited Disease (GRID) dataset containing 4,798 discrete variants and 17,299 alleles published in 31 papers, showing a wide range of frequencies and complexities among the 194 genes reported in GRID, with 65% of pathogenic variants being unique to a single individual. A better understanding of IRD-related gene distribution, gene complexity, and variant types allow for improved genetic testing and therapies. Current genetic therapeutic methods are also quite diverse and rely on variant identification, and range from whole gene replacement to single nucleotide editing at the DNA or RNA levels. IRDs and their suitable therapies thus require a range of effective disease modelling in human cells, granting insight into disease mechanisms and testing of possible treatments. This review summarizes genetic and therapeutic modalities of IRDs, provides new analyses of IRD-related genes (GRID and complexity scores), and provides information to match genetic-based therapies such as gene-specific and variant-specific therapies to the appropriate individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schneider
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Yogapriya Sundaresan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Prakadeeswari Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Avigail Beryozkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Mor Hanany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Erez Y Levanon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Shay Ben-Aroya
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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9
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Yin J, Li F, Li Z, Yu L, Zhu F, Zeng S. Feature, Function, and Information of Drug Transporter Related Databases. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:76-85. [PMID: 34426411 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid progress in pharmaceutical experiments and clinical investigations, extensive knowledge of drug transporters (DTs) has accumulated, which is valuable data for the understanding of drug metabolism and disposition. However, such data is largely dispersed in the literature, which hampers its utility and significantly limits its possibility for comprehensive analysis. A variety of databases have, therefore, been constructed to provide DT-related data, and they were reviewed in this study. First, several knowledge bases providing data regarding clinically important drugs and their corresponding transporters were discussed, which constituted the most important resources of DT-centered data. Second, some databases describing the general transporters and their functional families were reviewed. Third, various databases offering transporter information as part of their entire data collection were described. Finally, customized database functions that are available to facilitate DT-related research were discussed. This review provided an overview of the whole collection of DT-related databases, which might facilitate research on precision medicine and rational drug use. Significance Statement A collection of well-established databases related to DTs were comprehensively reviewed, which were organized according to their importance in drug ADME research. These databases could collectively contribute to the research on rational drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, China
| | | | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Su Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
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10
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Al-Khuzaei S, Broadgate S, Foster CR, Shah M, Yu J, Downes SM, Halford S. An Overview of the Genetics of ABCA4 Retinopathies, an Evolving Story. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1241. [PMID: 34440414 PMCID: PMC8392661 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stargardt disease (STGD1) and ABCA4 retinopathies (ABCA4R) are caused by pathogenic variants in the ABCA4 gene inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The gene encodes an importer flippase protein that prevents the build-up of vitamin A derivatives that are toxic to the RPE. Diagnosing ABCA4R is complex due to its phenotypic variability and the presence of other inherited retinal dystrophy phenocopies. ABCA4 is a large gene, comprising 50 exons; to date > 2000 variants have been described. These include missense, nonsense, splicing, structural, and deep intronic variants. Missense variants account for the majority of variants in ABCA4. However, in a significant proportion of patients with an ABCA4R phenotype, a second variant in ABCA4 is not identified. This could be due to the presence of yet unknown variants, or hypomorphic alleles being incorrectly classified as benign, or the possibility that the disease is caused by a variant in another gene. This underlines the importance of accurate genetic testing. The pathogenicity of novel variants can be predicted using in silico programs, but these rely on databases that are not ethnically diverse, thus highlighting the need for studies in differing populations. Functional studies in vitro are useful towards assessing protein function but do not directly measure the flippase activity. Obtaining an accurate molecular diagnosis is becoming increasingly more important as targeted therapeutic options become available; these include pharmacological, gene-based, and cell replacement-based therapies. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the current status of genotyping in ABCA4 and the status of the therapeutic approaches being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoud Al-Khuzaei
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.A.-K.); (M.S.)
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.B.); (J.Y.)
| | - Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.B.); (J.Y.)
| | | | - Mital Shah
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.A.-K.); (M.S.)
| | - Jing Yu
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.B.); (J.Y.)
| | - Susan M. Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.A.-K.); (M.S.)
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.B.); (J.Y.)
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.B.); (J.Y.)
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11
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A Rare Case of Stargardt’s Disease. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To describe a clinical case of rare eye diseases – Stargardt’s disease. Material and methods: A detailed clinical examination, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography and electrophysiological studies were performed. The clinical diagnosis was also genetically confirmed.
Results
A classic Stargardt’s disease phenotype was found in a 10-year old boy with decreased visual acuity, atrophy of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium layers in the macula, plus hypoautofluorescence in the fovea. In full-field ERG there was no diffuse cone involvement. Multifocal ERG demonstrated a lower cone activity in the area of the central macula in both eyes, which is characteristic for hereditary maculopathies and differentiates them from cone-rod dystrophies, in which generalized damage of the photoreceptors in the retina may be observed. The genetic studies identified two missense mutations: c.3113C> T (p.Ala1038Val) and c.1622T> C (p.Leu541Pro) in a cis-position and a missense mutation c.2588G> C (p.Gly863Ala) in the other allele of ABCA4 gene. The two pathogenic variants c.3113C> T and c.1622T> C formed a complex allele p. [A1038V; L541P], which was found in the genome of the asymptomatic mother. The other mutation c.2588G> C affects a highly conserved amino acid from the ABCA4 protein (p.Gly863Ala) and was inherited from the patient’s clinically healthy father, who was a heterozygous carrier.
Conclusion
The comprehensive clinical, electrophysiological and genetic testing of patients with rare hereditary retinal dystrophies is essential for the correct diagnosis and the choice of therapeutic behavior.
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12
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Tracewska AM, Kocyła-Karczmarewicz B, Rafalska A, Murawska J, Jakubaszko-Jabłońska J, Rydzanicz M, Stawiński P, Ciara E, Lipska-Ziętkiewicz BS, Khan MI, Cremers FP, Płoski R, Chrzanowska KH. Non-syndromic inherited retinal diseases in Poland: Genes, mutations, and phenotypes. Mol Vis 2021; 27:457-465. [PMID: 34321860 PMCID: PMC8286799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), encompassing many clinical entities affecting the retina, are classified as rare disorders. Their extreme heterogeneity made molecular screening in the era before next-generation sequencing (NGS) expensive and time-consuming. Since then, many NGS studies of IRD molecular background have been conducted in Western populations; however, knowledge of the IRD mutational spectrum in Poland is still limited. Until now, there has been almost no comprehensive analysis of this particular population regarding the molecular basis and inheritance of IRDs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the type and prevalence of causative variants in the Polish population. METHODS We recruited 190 Polish families with non-syndromic IRDs, including Stargardt disease (STGD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cone- and cone-rod dystrophy (CD/CRD), achromatopsia, and congenital stationary night blindness. A pool of molecular inversion probes was used, which targeted 108 genes associated with non-syndromic IRDs known in 2013. We applied filtering for known variants occurring with an allele frequency >0.5% in public and in-house databases, with the exception of variants in ABCA4, when the frequency filter was set to 3.0%. Hypomorphic p.(Asn1868Ile) was added manually. In the case of novel missense or splicing variants, we used in silico prediction software to assess mutation causality. RESULTS We detected causative mutations in 115 of the 190 families with non-syndromic IRD (60.2%). Fifty-nine individuals with STGD, RP, and CD/CRD carried causal variants in ABCA4. Novel single nucleotide variants were found in ABCA4, CEP290, EYS, MAK, and CNGA3. The complex allele c.[1622T>C;3113C>T], p.[Leu541Pro;Ala1038Val] was found in 33 individuals with ABCA4-associated disorders, which makes it the most prevalent allele in the Polish population (17% of all solved cases). Diagnosis was reevaluated in 16 cases. CONCLUSIONS Previously, there were no comprehensive reports of IRDs in the Polish population. This study is the first to indicate that the most common IRDs in Poland are ABCA4-associated diseases, regardless of the phenotype. In Polish patients with RP, the second most prevalent causal gene was RHO and the third RPGR, while there were not as many mutations in EYS as in Western populations. The number of initial erroneous diagnoses may be the result of limited access to diagnostics with advanced tools, such as electroretinography; however, it is necessary to raise awareness among Polish ophthalmologists of rare IRDs. Additionally, it must be emphasized that in some cases genetic analysis of the patient is necessary to achieve an accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Tracewska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network – PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Rafalska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Murawska
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jakubaszko-Jabłońska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland,Department of Paediatric Traumatology and Emergency Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland,SPEKTRUM Ophthalmology Clinic, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Stawiński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Beata S. Lipska-Ziętkiewicz
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland,Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Clinical Genetics Unit, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P.M. Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Camp DA, Gemayel MC, Ciulla TA. Understanding the genetic pathology of Stargardt disease: a review of current findings and challenges. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2021.1898373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Camp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael C. Gemayel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas A. Ciulla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Retina Service, Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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14
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Mena MD, Moresco AA, Vidal SH, Aguilar-Cortes D, Obregon MG, Fandiño AC, Sendoya JM, Llera AS, Podhajcer OL. Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Stargardt Disease in Argentinean Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:646058. [PMID: 33841504 PMCID: PMC8033171 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.646058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the clinical and molecular spectrum of Stargardt disease (STGD) in a cohort of Argentinean patients. Methods This retrospective study included 132 subjects comprising 95 probands clinically diagnosed with STGD and relatives from 16 of them. Targeted next-generation sequencing of the coding and splicing regions of ABCA4 and other phenocopying genes (ELOVL4, PROM1, and CNGB3) was performed in 97 STGD patients. Results We found two or more disease-causing variants in the ABCA4 gene in 69/95 (73%) probands, a single ABCA4 variant in 9/95 (9.5%) probands, and no ABCA4 variants in 17/95 (18%) probands. The final analysis identified 173 variants in ABCA4. Seventy-nine ABCA4 variants were unique, of which nine were novel. No significant findings were seen in the other evaluated genes. Conclusion This study describes the phenotypic and genetic features of STGD1 in an Argentinean cohort. The mutations p.(Gly1961Glu) and p.(Arg1129Leu) were the most frequent, representing almost 20% of the mutated alleles. We also expanded the ABCA4 mutational spectrum with nine novel disease-causing variants, of which eight might be associated with South American natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D Mena
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular (Genocan), Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angélica A Moresco
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía H Vidal
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana Aguilar-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular (Genocan), Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Obregon
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana C Fandiño
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Sendoya
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular (Genocan), Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea S Llera
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular (Genocan), Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo L Podhajcer
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular (Genocan), Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Hu FY, Gao FJ, Li JK, Xu P, Wang DD, Zhang SH, Wu JH. Novel variants of ABCA4 in Han Chinese families with Stargardt disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:213. [PMID: 33129279 PMCID: PMC7602306 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stargardt disease (STGD1) is a common recessive hereditary macular dystrophy in early adulthood or childhood, with an estimated prevalence of 1:8000 to 1:10,000. ABCA4 is the causative gene for STGD1. The current study aims at identifying the novel disease-related ABCA4 variants in Han Chinese families with STGD1 using next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS In the present study, 12 unrelated Han Chinese families (19 males and 17 females) with STGD1 were tested by panel-based NGS. In order to capture the coding exons and the untranslated regions (UTRs) plus 30 bp of intronic flanking sequences of 792 genes, which were closely associated with usual ophthalmic genetic disease, we designed a customized panel, namely, Target_Eye_792_V2 chip. STGD1 patients were clinically diagnosed by experienced ophthalmologists. All the detected variants were filtered and analyzed through the public databases and in silico programs to assess potential pathogenicity. RESULTS Twenty-one ABCA4 mutant variants were detected in 12 unrelated Han Chinese families with STGD1, containing 14 missense, three splicing, two frameshift, one small deletion, and one nonsense variants. Base on the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines, 8 likely pathogenic and 13 pathogenic variants were determined. The functional consequences of these mutant variants were predicted through in silico programs. Of the 21 mutant variants in ABCA4, two novel coding variants c.3017G > A and c.5167 T > C and one novel null variant c.3051-1G > A were detected in three unrelated probands. CONCLUSIONS By panel-based NGS, 21 ABCA4 variants were confirmed in 12 unrelated Han Chinese families. Among them, 3 novel mutant variants were found, which further expanded the ABCA4 mutation spectrum in STGD1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Hu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Juan Gao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Hai Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Hong Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Ellingford JM, Hufnagel RB, Arno G. Phenotype and Genotype Correlations in Inherited Retinal Diseases: Population-Guided Variant Interpretation, Variable Expressivity and Incomplete Penetrance. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111274. [PMID: 33137882 PMCID: PMC7692259 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Ellingford
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence: (J.M.E.); (R.B.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20016, USA
- Correspondence: (J.M.E.); (R.B.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Gavin Arno
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Correspondence: (J.M.E.); (R.B.H.); (G.A.)
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17
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A Mild Phenotype Caused by Two Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in CEP290. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111240. [PMID: 33105651 PMCID: PMC7690422 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CEP290 is a ciliary gene frequently mutated in ciliopathies, resulting in a broad range of phenotypes, ranging from isolated inherited retinal disorders (IRDs) to severe or lethal syndromes with multisystemic involvement. Patients with non-syndromic CEP290-linked disease experience profound and early vision loss due to cone-rod dystrophy, as in Leber congenital amaurosis. In this case report, we describe two novel loss-of-function heterozygous alterations in the CEP290 gene, discovered in a patient suffering from retinitis pigmentosa using massive parallel sequencing of a molecular inversion probes library constructed for 108 genes involved in IRDs. A milder phenotype than expected was found in the individual, which serves to prove that some CEP290-associated disorders may display preserved cone function.
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18
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Cremers FPM, Lee W, Collin RWJ, Allikmets R. Clinical spectrum, genetic complexity and therapeutic approaches for retinal disease caused by ABCA4 mutations. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 79:100861. [PMID: 32278709 PMCID: PMC7544654 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ABCA4 protein (then called a “rim protein”) was first
identified in 1978 in the rims and incisures of rod photoreceptors. The
corresponding gene, ABCA4, was cloned in 1997, and variants
were identified as the cause of autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1).
Over the next two decades, variation in ABCA4 has been
attributed to phenotypes other than the classically defined STGD1 or fundus
flavimaculatus, ranging from early onset and fast progressing cone-rod dystrophy
and retinitis pigmentosa-like phenotypes to very late onset cases of mostly mild
disease sometimes resembling, and confused with, age-related macular
degeneration. Similarly, analysis of the ABCA4 locus uncovered
a trove of genetic information, including >1200 disease-causing mutations
of varying severity, and of all types – missense, nonsense, small
deletions/insertions, and splicing affecting variants, of which many are located
deep-intronic. Altogether, this has greatly expanded our understanding of
complexity not only of the diseases caused by ABCA4 mutations,
but of all Mendelian diseases in general. This review provides an in depth
assessment of the cumulative knowledge of ABCA4-associated retinopathy –
clinical manifestations, genetic complexity, pathophysiology as well as current
and proposed therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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