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Lashen A, Al-Kawaz A, Jeyapalan JN, Alqahtani S, Shoqafi A, Algethami M, Toss M, Green AR, Mongan NP, Sharma S, Akbari MR, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. Immune infiltration, aggressive pathology, and poor survival outcomes in RECQL helicase deficient breast cancers. Neoplasia 2024; 47:100957. [PMID: 38134458 PMCID: PMC10777014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
RECQL is essential for genomic stability. Here, we evaluated RECQL in 449 pure ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), 152 DCIS components of mixed DCIS/invasive breast cancer (IBC) tumors, 157 IBC components of mixed DCIS/IBC and 50 normal epithelial terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs). In 726 IBCs, CD8+, FOXP3+, IL17+, PDL1+, PD1+ T-cell infiltration (TILs) were investigated in RECQL deficient and proficient cancers. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was evaluated in five RECQL germ-line mutation carriers with IBC by genome sequencing. Compared with normal epithelial cells, a striking reduction in nuclear RECQL in DCIS was evident with aggressive pathology and poor survival. In RECQL deficient IBCs, CD8+, FOXP3+, IL17+ or PDL1+ TILs were linked with aggressive pathology and shorter survival. In germline RECQL mutation carriers, increased TMB was observed in 4/5 tumors. We conclude that RECQL loss is an early event in breast cancer and promote immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Lashen
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Abdulbaqi Al-Kawaz
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospital, City Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Shatha Alqahtani
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Michael Toss
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospital, City Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sudha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospital, City Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG51PB, UK.
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2
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Rousseau V, Einig E, Jin C, Horn J, Riebold M, Poth T, Jarboui MA, Flentje M, Popov N. Trim33 masks a non-transcriptional function of E2f4 in replication fork progression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5143. [PMID: 37612308 PMCID: PMC10447549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicative stress promotes genomic instability and tumorigenesis but also presents an effective therapeutic endpoint, rationalizing detailed analysis of pathways that control DNA replication. We show here that the transcription factor E2f4 recruits the DNA helicase Recql to facilitate progression of DNA replication forks upon drug- or oncogene-induced replicative stress. In unperturbed cells, the Trim33 ubiquitin ligase targets E2f4 for degradation, limiting its genomic binding and interactions with Recql. Replicative stress blunts Trim33-dependent ubiquitination of E2f4, which stimulates transient Recql recruitment to chromatin and facilitates recovery of DNA synthesis. In contrast, deletion of Trim33 induces chronic genome-wide recruitment of Recql and strongly accelerates DNA replication under stress, compromising checkpoint signaling and DNA repair. Depletion of Trim33 in Myc-overexpressing cells leads to accumulation of replication-associated DNA damage and delays Myc-driven tumorigenesis. We propose that the Trim33-E2f4-Recql axis controls progression of DNA replication forks along transcriptionally active chromatin to maintain genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rousseau
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elias Einig
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chao Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Horn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Wakenitzmauer 3, 23552, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mathias Riebold
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 12, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed-Ali Jarboui
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Proteomics Platform Tübingen (PxP), Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikita Popov
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Ruszel KP, Zalewski DP, Stępniewski A, Gałkowski D, Bogucki J, Feldo M, Płachno BJ, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Next-Generation Sequencing in the Assessment of the Transcriptomic Landscape of DNA Damage Repair Genes in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Chronic Venous Disease and Lower Extremity Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010551. [PMID: 36614026 PMCID: PMC9820637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are one of the most common causes of death and morbidity. Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and chronic venous disease (CVD) belong to this group of conditions and exhibit various presentations and courses; thus, there is an urgent need for revealing new biomarkers for monitoring and potential treatment. Next-generation sequencing of mRNA allows rapid and detailed transcriptome analysis, allowing us to pinpoint the most pronounced differences between the mRNA expression profiles of vascular disease patients. Comparison of expression data of 519 DNA-repair-related genes obtained from mRNA next-generation sequencing revealed significant transcriptomic marks characterizing AAA, CVD and LEAD. Statistical, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) and literature analyses were applied and highlighted many DNA repair and accompanying processes, such as cohesin functions, oxidative stress, homologous recombination, ubiquitin turnover, chromatin remodelling and DNA double-strand break repair. Surprisingly, obtained data suggest the contribution of genes engaged in the regulatory function of DNA repair as a key component that could be used to distinguish between analyzed conditions. DNA repair-related genes depicted in the presented study as dysregulated in AAA, CVD and LEAD could be utilized in the design of new biomarkers or therapies associated with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol P. Ruszel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chair of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-6610
| | - Daniel P. Zalewski
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stępniewski
- Ecotech Complex Analytical and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally Friendly Technologies, University of Marie Curie-Skłodowska, 39 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gałkowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chair of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Giansanti C, Manzini V, Dickmanns A, Dickmanns A, Palumbieri MD, Sanchi A, Kienle SM, Rieth S, Scheffner M, Lopes M, Dobbelstein M. MDM2 binds and ubiquitinates PARP1 to enhance DNA replication fork progression. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110879. [PMID: 35649362 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The MDM2 oncoprotein antagonizes the tumor suppressor p53 by physical interaction and ubiquitination. However, it also sustains the progression of DNA replication forks, even in the absence of functional p53. Here, we show that MDM2 binds, inhibits, ubiquitinates, and destabilizes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). When cellular MDM2 levels are increased, this leads to accelerated progression of DNA replication forks, much like pharmacological inhibition of PARP1. Conversely, overexpressed PARP1 restores normal fork progression despite elevated MDM2. Strikingly, MDM2 profoundly reduces the frequency of fork reversal, revealed as four-way junctions through electron microscopy. Depletion of RECQ1 or the primase/polymerase (PRIMPOL) reverses the MDM2-mediated acceleration of the nascent DNA elongation rate. MDM2 also increases the occurrence of micronuclei, and it exacerbates camptothecin-induced cell death. In conclusion, high MDM2 levels phenocopy PARP inhibition in modulation of fork restart, representing a potential vulnerability of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Giansanti
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Manzini
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antje Dickmanns
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Achim Dickmanns
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology & Genetics, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Dilia Palumbieri
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sanchi
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sonja Rieth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Scheffner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dobbelstein
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Mahmoodi A, Shoqafi A, Sun P, Giannakeas V, Cybulski C, Nofech-Mozes S, Masson JY, Sharma S, Samani AA, Madhusudan S, Narod SA, Akbari MR. High Expression of RECQL Protein in ER-Positive Breast Tumours Is Associated With a Better Survival. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877617. [PMID: 35712517 PMCID: PMC9195420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RECQL (also known as RECQ1 and RECQL1) is a gene of recent interest in breast cancer and an association between high levels of RECQL protein in breast cancer tumour cells and good survival of patients has been reported. Methods To validate this association, we measured the RECQL protein levels in tumours of 933 breast cancer patients using immunohistochemistry analysis and followed the patients for death from breast cancer. Results Women with a level of RECQL protein above the 75th percentile had better 15-year disease-specific survival among ER-positive patients (62.5% vs. 48.7%, HR= 0.72, 95%CI= 0.52-0.98, p-value = 0.04), but not among ER- patients (48.9% vs. 48.0%, HR= 1.07, 95%CI= 0.67-1.69, p-value= 0.79). Among the ER-negative patients, high RECQL protein levels were associated with better survival among women who received tamoxifen treatment (67.0% vs. 51.5%, HR= 0.64, 95%CI= 0.41-0.99, p-value= 0.04). Conclusion RECQL might be a new predictive marker for tamoxifen treatment among ER-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Mahmoodi
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Sun
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vasily Giannakeas
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sharon Nofech-Mozes
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sudha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
- National Human Genome Center, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amir Abbas Samani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Humber River Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A. Narod
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad R. Akbari
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Mohammad R. Akbari,
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Genome-wide investigations on regulatory functions of RECQ1 helicase. Methods 2022; 204:263-268. [PMID: 35231585 PMCID: PMC9233132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA helicase RECQ1 (also known as RECQL or RECQL1) is a candidate breast cancer susceptibility gene significantly correlated with clinical outcomes of sporadic breast cancer patients. Prior studies have suggested that RECQ1 maintains genomic stability by regulating a wide variety of core cellular functions including DNA replication, DNA damage response, and transcription. However, it is unclear which, if any, of these are the primary functions of RECQ1 as related to its role in suppressing breast cancer. We describe here an unbiased integrative genomics approach that enabled us to discover a previously unknown regulatory role of RECQ1 in promoting Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) expression and the expression of specific ERα target genes in ER positive breast cancer cells. We discuss potential future applications of similar experimental strategies in advancing the mechanistic understanding and elucidating specific new details of genome-wide functions of RECQ1 and other RecQ helicases in maintaining genomic stability and preventing cancer.
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Transcriptional regulation by a RecQ helicase. Methods Enzymol 2022; 673:227-249. [PMID: 35965009 PMCID: PMC9379128 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
RecQ helicases participate in a variety of DNA metabolic processes through their multiple biochemical activities. In vitro characterization and cellular studies have suggested that RECQ1 (also known as RECQL or RECQL1) performs its diverse functions through specific interactions with DNA and protein partners. We have taken an unbiased approach to determine the contribution of RECQ1 in genome maintenance and as a putative susceptibility factor in breast cancer. Here, we provide methodology to map the genome-wide binding sites of RECQ1 together with the profiling of RECQ1-dependent transcriptome to investigate its role in gene regulation. The described approach will be helpful to develop a mechanistic framework for elucidating critical functions of RECQ1 and other RecQ homologs in distinct chromatin and biological contexts.
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Liu NN, Song ZY, Guo HL, Yin H, Chen WF, Dai YX, Xin BG, Ai X, Ji L, Wang QM, Hou XM, Dou SX, Rety S, Xi XG. Endogenous Bos taurus RECQL is predominantly monomeric and more active than oligomers. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109688. [PMID: 34496242 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is broad consensus that RecQ family helicase is a high-order oligomer that dissociates into a dimer upon ATP binding. This conclusion is based mainly on studies of highly purified recombinant proteins, and the oligomeric states of RecQ helicases in living cells remain unknown. We show here that, in contrast to current models, monomeric RECQL helicase is more abundant than oligomer/dimer forms in living cells. Further characterization of endogenous BtRECQL and isolated monomeric BtRECQL using various approaches demonstrates that both endogenous and recombinant monomeric BtRECQL effectively function as monomers, displaying higher helicase and ATPase activities than dimers and oligomers. Furthermore, monomeric BtRECQL unfolds intramolecular G-quadruplex DNA as efficiently as human RECQL and BLM helicases. These discoveries have implications for understanding endogenous RECQL oligomeric structures and their regulation. It is worth revisiting oligomeric states of the other members of the RecQ family helicases in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Nv Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ze-Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hai-Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei-Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang-Xue Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ben-Ge Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xia Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qing-Man Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xi-Miao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuo-Xing Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Stephane Rety
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, LBMC, 46 allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Xu-Guang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; LBPA, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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9
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Balajee AS. Human RecQL4 as a Novel Molecular Target for Cancer Therapy. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:305-327. [PMID: 34474412 DOI: 10.1159/000516568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human RecQ helicases play diverse roles in the maintenance of genomic stability. Inactivating mutations in 3 of the 5 human RecQ helicases are responsible for the pathogenesis of Werner syndrome (WS), Bloom syndrome (BS), Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), RAPADILINO, and Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS). WS, BS, and RTS patients are at increased risk for developing many age-associated diseases including cancer. Mutations in RecQL1 and RecQL5 have not yet been associated with any human diseases so far. In terms of disease outcome, RecQL4 deserves special attention because mutations in RecQL4 result in 3 autosomal recessive syndromes (RTS type II, RAPADILINO, and BGS). RecQL4, like other human RecQ helicases, has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the maintenance of genomic stability through participation in diverse DNA metabolic activities. Increased incidence of osteosarcoma in RecQL4-mutated RTS patients and elevated expression of RecQL4 in sporadic cancers including osteosarcoma suggest that loss or gain of RecQL4 expression is linked with cancer susceptibility. In this review, current and future perspectives are discussed on the potential use of RecQL4 as a novel cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adayabalam S Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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10
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van Kan M, Burns KE, Helsby NA. A systematic review of inter-individual differences in the DNA repair processes involved in melphalan monoadduct repair in relation to treatment outcomes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:755-769. [PMID: 34347127 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melphalan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that elicits its cytotoxic activity by rapidly forming an initial DNA monoadduct, which then produces an inter-strand crosslink. Most studies exploring the role of inherited differences in DNA repair and melphalan outcomes focus on inter-strand crosslink repair, however, monoadduct repair likely plays a key role since it minimises the ultimate production of these crosslinks. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess evidence of an association between variation in monoadduct repair pathways and melphalan response. METHODS A literature search was undertaken using Medline, Embase, Scopus and PubMed databases. Duplicates were removed and only full-text articles were included. To be included for critique in this systematic review, articles were assessed for relevance using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS Fourteen studies were identified that involved patients treated with melphalan, however, in 3, only a minority of the cohort received melphalan. Across the remaining 11 studies, 61 genes/proteins in DNA monoadduct repair pathways were assessed. Both germline SNP (CDKN1A, ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC4, ERCC6, EXO1, MLH1, MNAT1, MUTYH, PARP4, PCNA, POLE, POLR1G, RAD23B, RFC1, RFC3, RPA1, RPA3, TREX1, UNG, XPC, XRCC1) and somatic expression (CDKN1A, PARP1, PCNA, MGMT, RECQL, RFC5) were associated with melphalan outcomes in ≥ 1 study. CONCLUSION It appears that inherited germline differences in monoadduct repair genes may be a risk factor for poor outcomes. However, the diversity of study design, patient cohorts, genes assessed and lack of replication, preclude any meta-analysis. Further prospective studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia van Kan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Kathryn E Burns
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nuala A Helsby
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Transcription/Replication Conflicts in Tumorigenesis and Their Potential Role as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153755. [PMID: 34359660 PMCID: PMC8345052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma is a hematologic cancer characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It remains a mostly incurable disease due to the inability to overcome refractory disease and drug-resistant relapse. Oncogenic transformation of PC in multiple myeloma is thought to occur within the secondary lymphoid organs. However, the precise molecular events leading to myelomagenesis remain obscure. Here, we identified genes involved in the prevention and the resolution of conflicts between the replication and transcription significantly overexpressed during the plasma cell differentiation process and in multiple myeloma cells. We discussed the potential role of these factors in myelomagenesis and myeloma biology. The specific targeting of these factors might constitute a new therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma. Abstract Plasma cells (PCs) have an essential role in humoral immune response by secretion of antibodies, and represent the final stage of B lymphocytes differentiation. During this differentiation, the pre-plasmablastic stage is characterized by highly proliferative cells that start to secrete immunoglobulins (Igs). Thus, replication and transcription must be tightly regulated in these cells to avoid transcription/replication conflicts (TRCs), which could increase replication stress and lead to genomic instability. In this review, we analyzed expression of genes involved in TRCs resolution during B to PC differentiation and identified 41 genes significantly overexpressed in the pre-plasmablastic stage. This illustrates the importance of mechanisms required for adequate processing of TRCs during PCs differentiation. Furthermore, we identified that several of these factors were also found overexpressed in purified PCs from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) compared to normal PCs. Malignant PCs produce high levels of Igs concomitantly with cell cycle deregulation. Therefore, increasing the TRCs occurring in MM cells could represent a potent therapeutic strategy for MM patients. Here, we describe the potential roles of TRCs resolution factors in myelomagenesis and discuss the therapeutic interest of targeting the TRCs resolution machinery in MM.
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12
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Zhang J, Lian H, Chen K, Pang Y, Chen M, Huang B, Zhu L, Xu S, Liu M, Zhong C. RECQ1 Promotes Stress Resistance and DNA Replication Progression Through PARP1 Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714868. [PMID: 34381789 PMCID: PMC8350743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive primary malignant brain tumor, and patients with GBM have a median survival of 20 months. Clinical therapy resistance is a challenging barrier to overcome. Tumor genome stability maintenance during DNA replication, especially the ability to respond to replication stress, is highly correlated with drug resistance. Recently, we identified a protective role for RECQ1 under replication stress conditions. RECQ1 acts at replication forks, binds PCNA, inhibits single-strand DNA formation and nascent strand degradation in GBM cells. It is associated with the function of the PARP1 protein, promoting PARP1 recruitment to replication sites. RECQ1 is essential for DNA replication fork protection and tumor cell proliferation under replication stress conditions, and as a target of RECQ1, PARP1 effectively protects and restarts stalled replication forks, providing new insights into genomic stability maintenance and replication stress resistance. These findings indicate that tumor genome stability targeting RECQ1-PARP1 signaling may be a promising therapeutic intervention to overcome therapy resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingsong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Simmons RH, Rogers CM, Bochman ML. A deep dive into the RecQ interactome: something old and something new. Curr Genet 2021; 67:761-767. [PMID: 33961099 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RecQ family helicases are found in all domains of life and play roles in multiple processes that underpin genomic integrity. As such, they are often referred to as guardians or caretakers of the genome. Despite their importance, however, there is still much we do not know about their basic functions in vivo, nor do we fully understand how they interact in organisms that encode more than one RecQ family member. We recently took a multi-omics approach to better understand the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hrq1 helicase and its interaction with Sgs1, with these enzymes being the functional homologs of the disease-linked RECQL4 and BLM helicases, respectively. Using synthetic genetic array analyses, immuno-precipitation coupled to mass spectrometry, and RNA-seq, we found that Hrq1 and Sgs1 likely participate in many pathways outside of the canonical DNA recombination and repair functions for which they are already known. For instance, connections to transcription, ribosome biogenesis, and chromatin/chromosome organization were uncovered. These recent results are briefly detailed with respect to current knowledge in the field, and possible follow-up experiments are suggested. In this way, we hope to gain a wholistic understanding of these RecQ helicases and how their mutation leads to genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Simmons
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Cody M Rogers
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Matthew L Bochman
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Genome-Wide Analysis Unveils DNA Helicase RECQ1 as a Regulator of Estrogen Response Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:MCB.00515-20. [PMID: 33468559 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00515-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to breast cancer is significantly increased in individuals with germ line mutations in RECQ1 (also known as RECQL or RECQL1), a gene encoding a DNA helicase essential for genome maintenance. We previously reported that RECQ1 expression predicts clinical outcomes for sporadic breast cancer patients stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Here, we utilized an unbiased integrative genomics approach to delineate a cross talk between RECQ1 and ERα, a known master regulatory transcription factor in breast cancer. We found that expression of ESR1, the gene encoding ERα, is directly activated by RECQ1. More than 35% of RECQ1 binding sites were cobound by ERα genome-wide. Mechanistically, RECQ1 cooperates with FOXA1, the pioneer transcription factor for ERα, to enhance chromatin accessibility at the ESR1 regulatory regions in a helicase activity-dependent manner. In clinical ERα-positive breast cancers treated with endocrine therapy, high RECQ1 and high FOXA1 coexpressing tumors were associated with better survival. Collectively, these results identify RECQ1 as a novel cofactor for ERα and uncover a previously unknown mechanism by which RECQ1 regulates disease-driving gene expression in ER-positive breast cancer cells.
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15
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Special Issue: DNA Helicases: Mechanisms, Biological Pathways, and Disease Relevance. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030356. [PMID: 33804438 PMCID: PMC8000711 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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17
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Lu H, Davis AJ. Human RecQ Helicases in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640755 order by 1-- znbp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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18
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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19
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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20
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Lu H, Davis AJ. Human RecQ Helicases in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640755 order by 1-- azli] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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21
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Lu H, Davis AJ. Human RecQ Helicases in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640755. [PMID: 33718381 PMCID: PMC7947261 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Lu
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Anthony J. Davis
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Germani A, Petrucci S, De Marchis L, Libi F, Savio C, Amanti C, Bonifacino A, Campanella B, Capalbo C, Lombardi A, Maggi S, Mattei M, Osti MF, Pellegrini P, Speranza A, Stanzani G, Vitale V, Pizzuti A, Torrisi MR, Piane M. Beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2: Deleterious Variants in DNA Repair Pathway Genes in Italian Families with Breast/Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancers. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093003. [PMID: 32957588 PMCID: PMC7563793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5–10% of breast/ovarian cancers (BC and OC) are inherited, and germline pathogenic (P) variants in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 explain only 10–20% of these cases. Currently, new DDR genes have been related to BC/OC and to pancreatic (PC) cancers, but the prevalence of P variants remains to be explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spectrum and the prevalence of pathogenic variants in DDR pathway genes other than BRCA1/2 and to correlate the genotype with the clinical phenotype. A cohort of 113 non-BRCA patients was analyzed by next-generation sequencing using a multigene panel of the 25 DDR pathways genes related to BC, OC, and PC. We found 43 unique variants in 18 of 25 analyzed genes, 14 classified as P/likely pathogenic (LP) and 28 as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Deleterious variants were identified in 14% of index cases, whereas a VUS was identified in 20% of the probands. We observed a high incidence of deleterious variants in the CHEK2 gene, and a new pathogenic variant was detected in the RECQL gene. These results supported the clinical utility of multigene panel to increase the detection of P/LP carriers and to identify new actionable pathogenic gene variants useful for preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Germani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Laura De Marchis
- Department of Radiological Anatomopathological, Oncological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Umberto I University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Libi
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Camilla Savio
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Claudio Amanti
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Bonifacino
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanella
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Augusto Lombardi
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Maggi
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattei
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Mattia Falchetto Osti
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Annarita Speranza
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Gianluca Stanzani
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Valeria Vitale
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Clinical Genomics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence:
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