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Kamweru I, Beyene Y, Bruce AY, Makumbi D, Adetimirin VO, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Toledo F, Crossa J, Prasanna BM, Gowda M. Genetic analyses of tropical maize lines under artificial infestation of fall armyworm and foliar diseases under optimum conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1086757. [PMID: 36743507 PMCID: PMC9896009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1086757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Development and deployment of high-yielding maize varieties with native resistance to Fall armyworm (FAW), turcicum leaf blight (TLB), and gray leaf spot (GLS) infestation is critical for addressing the food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of resistance for FAW, identity hybrids which in addition to FAW resistance, also show resistance to TLB and GLS, and investigate the usefulness of models based on general combining ability (GCA) and SNP markers in predicting the performance of new untested hybrids. Half-diallel mating scheme was used to generate 105 F1 hybrids from 15 parents and another 55 F1 hybrids from 11 parents. These were evaluated in two experiments, each with commercial checks in multiple locations under FAW artificial infestation and optimum management in Kenya. Under artificial FAW infestation, significant mean squares among hybrids and hybrids x environment were observed for most traits in both experiments, including at least one of the three assessments carried out for foliar damage caused by FAW. Interaction of GCA x environment and specific combining ability (SCA) x environment interactions were significant for all traits under FAW infestation and optimal conditions. Moderate to high heritability estimates were observed for GY under both management conditions. Correlation between GY and two of the three scorings (one and three weeks after infestation) for foliar damage caused by FAW were negative (-0.27 and -0.38) and significant. Positive and significant correlation (0.84) was observed between FAW-inflicted ear damage and the percentage of rotten ears. We identified many superior-performing hybrids compared to the best commercial checks for both GY and FAW resistance associated traits. Inbred lines CML312, CML567, CML488, DTPYC9-F46-1-2-1-2, CKDHL164288, CKDHL166062, and CLRCY039 had significant and positive GCA for GY (positive) and FAW resistance-associated traits (negative). CML567 was a parent in four of the top ten hybrids under optimum and FAW conditions. Both additive and non-additive gene action were important in the inheritance of FAW resistance. Both GCA and marker-based models showed high correlation with field performance, but marker-based models exhibited considerably higher correlation. The best performing hybrids identified in this study could be used as potential single cross testers in the development of three-way FAW resistance hybrids. Overall, our results provide insights that help breeders to design effective breeding strategies to develop FAW resistant hybrids that are high yielding under FAW and optimum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kamweru
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Pan African University, Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yoseph Beyene
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anani Y. Bruce
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dan Makumbi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor O. Adetimirin
- Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Jose Crossa
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
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Kasoma C, Shimelis H, Laing MD, Mekonnen B. Fall Armyworm Infestation and Development: Screening Tropical Maize Genotypes for Resistance in Zambia. INSECTS 2022; 13:1020. [PMID: 36354844 PMCID: PMC9694902 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) rearing, infestation and development and precision screening protocols are preconditions for the successful introgression of resistance genes into farmer-preferred varieties. We aimed to determine FAW developmental stages, screen tropical maize and select resistant lines under controlled conditions in Zambia. Field-collected FAW samples constituting 30 egg masses and 60 larvae were reared using maize leaf- and stalk-based and soy- and wheat flour-based diets at 27 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity and 12 h day length. The resulting neonates were separated into sets A and B. The life cycles of set A and field-collected larvae were monitored to document the FAW developmental features. Set B neonates were used to infest the seedlings of 63 diverse tropical maize genotypes. Egg, larva, pupa and adult stages had mean durations of 2, 24, 20 and 12 days, respectively. Test maize genotypes revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) based on FAW reaction types, with lines TL13159, TL02562, TL142151, VL050120 and CML548-B exhibiting resistance reactions, while CML545-B, CZL1310c, CZL16095, EBL169550, ZM4236 and Pool 16 displayed moderate resistance. These genotypes are candidate sources of FAW resistance for further breeding. This study will facilitate controlled FAW rearing for host screening in the integration of FAW resistance into market-preferred maize lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chapwa Kasoma
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CAB International) Southern Africa Centre, 5834 Mwange Close, Kalundu, Lusaka P.O. Box 37589, Zambia
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Mark D. Laing
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Bethelihem Mekonnen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Wani SH, Choudhary M, Barmukh R, Bagaria PK, Samantara K, Razzaq A, Jaba J, Ba MN, Varshney RK. Molecular mechanisms, genetic mapping, and genome editing for insect pest resistance in field crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3875-3895. [PMID: 35267056 PMCID: PMC9729161 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Improving crop resistance against insect pests is crucial for ensuring future food security. Integrating genomics with modern breeding methods holds enormous potential in dissecting the genetic architecture of this complex trait and accelerating crop improvement. Insect resistance in crops has been a major research objective in several crop improvement programs. However, the use of conventional breeding methods to develop high-yielding cultivars with sustainable and durable insect pest resistance has been largely unsuccessful. The use of molecular markers for identification and deployment of insect resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can fastrack traditional breeding methods. Till date, several QTLs for insect pest resistance have been identified in field-grown crops, and a few of them have been cloned by positional cloning approaches. Genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, are paving the way to tailor insect pest resistance loci for designing crops for the future. Here, we provide an overview of diverse defense mechanisms exerted by plants in response to insect pest attack, and review recent advances in genomics research and genetic improvements for insect pest resistance in major field crops. Finally, we discuss the scope for genomic breeding strategies to develop more durable insect pest resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir H Wani
- Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192101, India.
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (ICAR-IIMR), PAU Campus, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Rutwik Barmukh
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India
| | - Pravin K Bagaria
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (ICAR-IIMR), PAU Campus, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, 761211, India
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jagdish Jaba
- Intergated Crop Management, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India
| | - Malick Niango Ba
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), BP 12404, Niamey, Niger
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India.
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Prasanna BM, Bruce A, Beyene Y, Makumbi D, Gowda M, Asim M, Martinelli S, Head GP, Parimi S. Host plant resistance for fall armyworm management in maize: relevance, status and prospects in Africa and Asia. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3897-3916. [PMID: 35320376 PMCID: PMC9729323 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable control of fall armyworm (FAW) requires implementation of effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, with host plant resistance as a key component. Significant opportunities exist for developing and deploying elite maize cultivars with native genetic resistance and/or transgenic resistance for FAW control in both Africa and Asia. The fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); FAW] has emerged as a serious pest since 2016 in Africa, and since 2018 in Asia, affecting the food security and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers, especially those growing maize. Sustainable control of FAW requires implementation of integrated pest management strategies, in which host plant resistance is one of the key components. Significant strides have been made in breeding elite maize lines and hybrids with native genetic resistance to FAW in Africa, based on the strong foundation of insect-resistant tropical germplasm developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico. These efforts are further intensified to develop and deploy elite maize cultivars with native FAW tolerance/resistance and farmer-preferred traits suitable for diverse agro-ecologies in Africa and Asia. Independently, genetically modified Bt maize with resistance to FAW is already commercialized in South Africa, and in a few countries in Asia (Philippines and Vietnam), while efforts are being made to commercialize Bt maize events in additional countries in both Africa and Asia. In countries where Bt maize is commercialized, it is important to implement a robust insect resistance management strategy. Combinations of native genetic resistance and Bt maize also need to be explored as a path to more effective and sustainable host plant resistance options. We also highlight the critical gaps and priorities for host plant resistance research and development in maize, particularly in the context of sustainable FAW management in Africa and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boddupalli M Prasanna
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, P.O. Box 1041, GigiriNairobi, 00621, Kenya.
| | - Anani Bruce
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, P.O. Box 1041, GigiriNairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Yoseph Beyene
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, P.O. Box 1041, GigiriNairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Dan Makumbi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, P.O. Box 1041, GigiriNairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, P.O. Box 1041, GigiriNairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | | | | | - Graham P Head
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science US, Chesterfield, MO, USA
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Genomic Analysis of Resistance to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in CIMMYT Maize Lines. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020251. [PMID: 35205295 PMCID: PMC8872412 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent invasion, rapid spread, and widescale destruction of the maize crop by the fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) is likely to worsen the food insecurity situation in Africa. In the present study, a set of 424 maize lines were screened for their responses to FAW under artificial infestation to dissect the genetic basis of resistance. All lines were evaluated for two seasons under screen houses and genotyped with the DArTseq platform. Foliar damage was rated on a scale of 1 (highly resistant) to 9 (highly susceptible) and scored at 7, 14, and 21 days after artificial infestation. Analyses of variance revealed significant genotypic and genotype by environment interaction variances for all traits. Heritability estimates for leaf damage scores were moderately high and ranged from 0.38 to 0.58. Grain yield was negatively correlated with a high magnitude to foliar damage scores, ear rot, and ear damage traits. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 56 significant marker–trait associations and the predicted functions of the putative candidate genes varied from a defense response to several genes of unknown function. Overall, the study revealed that native genetic resistance to FAW is quantitative in nature and is controlled by many loci with minor effects.
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Hyten DL. Genotyping Platforms for Genome-Wide Association Studies: Options and Practical Considerations. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2481:29-42. [PMID: 35641757 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2237-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in crops requires genotyping platforms that are capable of producing accurate high density genotyping data on hundreds of plants in a cost-effective manner. Currently there are multiple commercial platforms available that are being effectively used across crops. These platforms include genotyping arrays such as the Illumina Infinium arrays and the Applied Biosystems Axiom Arrays along with a variety of resequencing methods. These methods are being used to genotype tens of thousands of markers up to millions of markers on GWAS panels. They are being used on crops with simple genomes to crops with very complex, large, polyploid genomes. Depending on the crop and the goal of the GWAS, there are several options and practical considerations to take into account when selecting a genotyping technology to ensure that the right coverage, accuracy, and cost for the study is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Hyten
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Malenica N, Dunić JA, Vukadinović L, Cesar V, Šimić D. Genetic Approaches to Enhance Multiple Stress Tolerance in Maize. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111760. [PMID: 34828366 PMCID: PMC8617808 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple-stress effects on plant physiology and gene expression are being intensively studied lately, primarily in model plants such as Arabidopsis, where the effects of six stressors have simultaneously been documented. In maize, double and triple stress responses are obtaining more attention, such as simultaneous drought and heat or heavy metal exposure, or drought in combination with insect and fungal infestation. To keep up with these challenges, maize natural variation and genetic engineering are exploited. On one hand, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with multiple-stress tolerance are being identified by molecular breeding and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which then could be utilized for future breeding programs of more resilient maize varieties. On the other hand, transgenic approaches in maize have already resulted in the creation of many commercial double or triple stress resistant varieties, predominantly weed-tolerant/insect-resistant and, additionally, also drought-resistant varieties. It is expected that first generation gene-editing techniques, as well as recently developed base and prime editing applications, in combination with the routine haploid induction in maize, will pave the way to pyramiding more stress tolerant alleles in elite lines/varieties on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Malenica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jasenka Antunović Dunić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.A.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Lovro Vukadinović
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.A.D.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šimić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-515-521
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Sodedji FAK, Agbahoungba S, Agoyi EE, Kafoutchoni MK, Choi J, Nguetta SPA, Assogbadjo AE, Kim HY. Diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium among cowpea accessions. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20113. [PMID: 34275189 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is a globally important food security crop. However, it is susceptible to pest and disease; hence, constant breeding efforts based on its diversity are required for its improvement. The present study aims to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) among 274 cowpea accessions from different origins. A total of 3,127 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated using diversity array technology (DArT) was used. Population structure, neighbor-joining clustering, and principal component analyses indicated three subpopulations within the germplasm. Results of STRUCTURE analysis and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) were complementary in assessing the structuration of the diversity among the germplasm, with the grouping of the accessions improved in DAPC. Genetic distances of 0.005-0.44 were observed among accessions. Accessions from western and central Africa, eastern and central Africa, and Asia were predominant and distributed across all subpopulations. The subpopulations had fixation indexes of 0.48-0.56. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that within subpopulation variation accounted for 81% of observed genetic variation in the germplasm. The subpopulations mainly consisted of inbred lines (inbreeding coefficient = 1) with common alleles, although they were from different geographical regions. This reflects considerable seed movement and germplasm exchange between regions. The LD was characterized by low decay for great physical distances between markers. The LD decay distance varied among chromosomes with the average distance of 80-100 kb across the genome. Thus, crop improvement is possible, and the LD will facilitate genome-wide association studies on quality attributes and critical agronomic traits in cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Non-timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, Benin
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Lagunes, 22 BP 461, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Symphorien Agbahoungba
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Echikintho Agoyi
- Non-timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Médard Konoutan Kafoutchoni
- Non-timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon-Pierre Assanvo Nguetta
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Lagunes, 22 BP 461, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Non-timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, Benin
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Badji A, Machida L, Kwemoi DB, Kumi F, Okii D, Mwila N, Agbahoungba S, Ibanda A, Bararyenya A, Nghituwamhata SN, Odong T, Wasswa P, Otim M, Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Talwana H, Asea G, Kyamanywa S, Rubaihayo P. Factors Influencing Genomic Prediction Accuracies of Tropical Maize Resistance to Fall Armyworm and Weevils. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010029. [PMID: 33374402 PMCID: PMC7823878 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genomic selection (GS) can accelerate variety improvement when training set (TS) size and its relationship with the breeding set (BS) are optimized for prediction accuracies (PAs) of genomic prediction (GP) models. Sixteen GP algorithms were run on phenotypic best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) and estimators (BLUEs) of resistance to both fall armyworm (FAW) and maize weevil (MW) in a tropical maize panel. For MW resistance, 37% of the panel was the TS, and the BS was the remainder, whilst for FAW, random-based training sets (RBTS) and pedigree-based training sets (PBTSs) were designed. PAs achieved with BLUPs varied from 0.66 to 0.82 for MW-resistance traits, and for FAW resistance, 0.694 to 0.714 for RBTS of 37%, and 0.843 to 0.844 for RBTS of 85%, and these were at least two-fold those from BLUEs. For PBTS, FAW resistance PAs were generally higher than those for RBTS, except for one dataset. GP models generally showed similar PAs across individual traits whilst the TS designation was determinant, since a positive correlation (R = 0.92***) between TS size and PAs was observed for RBTS, and for the PBTS, it was negative (R = 0.44**). This study pioneered the use of GS for maize resistance to insect pests in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfang Badji
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Lewis Machida
- Alliance Bioversity-CIAT, Africa-Office, Kampala P.O. Box 24384, Uganda
| | | | - Frank Kumi
- Department of Crop Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB, Ghana
| | - Dennis Okii
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Natasha Mwila
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | | | - Angele Ibanda
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Astere Bararyenya
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | | | - Thomas Odong
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Peter Wasswa
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Michael Otim
- National Crops Resource Research Institute, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda
| | | | - Herbert Talwana
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Asea
- National Crops Resource Research Institute, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda
| | - Samuel Kyamanywa
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Patrick Rubaihayo
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
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Matova PM, Kamutando CN, Magorokosho C, Kutywayo D, Gutsa F, Labuschagne M. Fall-armyworm invasion, control practices and resistance breeding in Sub-Saharan Africa. CROP SCIENCE 2020; 60:2951-2970. [PMID: 33328691 PMCID: PMC7702106 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); FAW] invasion has exacerbated maize (Zea mays L.) crop yield losses in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), already threatened by other stresses, especially those that are climate-change induced. The FAW is difficult to control, manage, or eradicate, because it is polyphagous and trans-boundary, multiplies fast, has a short life cycle and migrates easily, and lacks the diapause growth phase. In this study, FAW and its impact in Africa was reviewed, as well as past and present control strategies for this pest. Pesticides, cultural practices, natural enemies, host-plant resistance, integrated pest management (IPM), and plant breeding approaches were examined as possible control strategies. It was concluded that an IPM control strategy, guided by cultural approaches already being used by farmers, and what can be adopted from the Americas, coupled with an insect-resistance management strategy, is the best option to manage this pest in Africa. These strategies will be strengthened by breeding for multi-trait host-plant resistance through stacking of genes for different modes of control of the pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince M. Matova
- Department of Research and Specialist ServicesCrop Breeding Institute5th Street ExtensionHarareZimbabwe
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement CentreHarareZimbabwe
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Dumisani Kutywayo
- Department of Research and Specialist ServicesCrop Breeding Institute5th Street ExtensionHarareZimbabwe
| | - Freeman Gutsa
- Department of Research and Specialist ServicesCrop Breeding Institute5th Street ExtensionHarareZimbabwe
| | - Maryke Labuschagne
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
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