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Genovese AC, Butler MG. Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders in Syndromic Autism. Brain Sci 2024; 14:343. [PMID: 38671997 PMCID: PMC11048128 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Syndromic autism refers to autism spectrum disorder diagnosed in the context of a known genetic syndrome. The specific manifestations of any one of these syndromic autisms are related to a clinically defined genetic syndrome that can be traced to certain genes and variants, genetic deletions, or duplications at the chromosome level. The genetic mutations or defects in single genes associated with these genetic disorders result in a significant elevation of risk for developing autism relative to the general population and are related to recurrence with inheritance patterns. Additionally, these syndromes are associated with typical behavioral characteristics or phenotypes as well as an increased risk for specific behavioral or psychiatric disorders and clinical findings. Knowledge of these associations helps guide clinicians in identifying potentially treatable conditions that can help to improve the lives of affected patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C. Genovese
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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Mahmoud M, Harting J, Corbitt H, Chen X, Jhangiani SN, Doddapaneni H, Meng Q, Han T, Lambert C, Zhang S, Baybayan P, Henno G, Shen H, Hu J, Han Y, Riegler C, Metcalf G, Henno G, Chinn IK, Eberle MA, Kingan S, Farinholt T, Carvalho CM, Gibbs RA, Kronenberg Z, Muzny D, Sedlazeck FJ. Closing the gap: Solving complex medically relevant genes at scale. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.14.24304179. [PMID: 38562723 PMCID: PMC10984040 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.24304179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Comprehending the mechanism behind human diseases with an established heritable component represents the forefront of personalized medicine. Nevertheless, numerous medically important genes are inaccurately represented in short-read sequencing data analysis due to their complexity and repetitiveness or the so-called 'dark regions' of the human genome. The advent of PacBio as a long-read platform has provided new insights, yet HiFi whole-genome sequencing (WGS) cost remains frequently prohibitive. We introduce a targeted sequencing and analysis framework, Twist Alliance Dark Genes Panel (TADGP), designed to offer phased variants across 389 medically important yet complex autosomal genes. We highlight TADGP accuracy across eleven control samples and compare it to WGS. This demonstrates that TADGP achieves variant calling accuracy comparable to HiFi-WGS data, but at a fraction of the cost. Thus, enabling scalability and broad applicability for studying rare diseases or complementing previously sequenced samples to gain insights into these complex genes. TADGP revealed several candidate variants across all cases and provided insight into LPA diversity when tested on samples from rare disease and cardiovascular disease cohorts. In both cohorts, we identified novel variants affecting individual disease-associated genes (e.g., IKZF1, KCNE1). Nevertheless, the annotation of the variants across these 389 medically important genes remains challenging due to their underrepresentation in ClinVar and gnomAD. Consequently, we also offer an annotation resource to enhance the evaluation and prioritization of these variants. Overall, we can demonstrate that TADGP offers a cost-efficient and scalable approach to routinely assess the dark regions of the human genome with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Mahmoud
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Harting
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | - Xiao Chen
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | - Harsha Doddapaneni
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qingchang Meng
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tina Han
- Twist Bioscience, South San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Siyuan Zhang
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | - Geoff Henno
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Hua Shen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ginger Metcalf
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Geoff Henno
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Ivan K. Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sarah Kingan
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | | | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Donna Muzny
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fritz J. Sedlazeck
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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Davidson EA, Holingue C, Jimenez-Gomez A, Dallman JE, Moshiree B. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Genetically Defined Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:645-660. [PMID: 37586397 PMCID: PMC10895389 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in most forms of neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) such as in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current patient-reported outcome measures with validated questionnaires used in the general population of children without NDDS cannot be used in the autistic individuals. We explore here the multifactorial pathophysiology of ASD and the role of genetics and the environment in this disease spectrum and focus instead on possible diagnostics that could provide future objective insight into the connection of the gut-brain-microbiome in this disease entity. We provide our own data from both humans and a zebrafish model of ASD called Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. We hope that this review highlights the gaps in our current knowledge on many of these profound NDDs and that it provides a future framework upon which clinicians and researchers can build and network with other interested multidisciplinary specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Calliope Holingue
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andres Jimenez-Gomez
- Neuroscience Center, Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital, Hollywood, Florida
- Department of Child Neurology, Florida Atlantic University Stiles - Nicholson Brain Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Julia E. Dallman
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida
| | - Baharak Moshiree
- Atrium Health, Wake Forest Medical University, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Chhabra S, Nardi L, Leukel P, Sommer CJ, Schmeisser MJ. Striatal increase of dopamine receptor 2 density in idiopathic and syndromic mouse models of autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1110525. [PMID: 36970280 PMCID: PMC10030619 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a wide range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes united by impaired social interaction and repetitive behavior. Environmental and genetic factors are associated with the pathogenesis of ASD, while other cases are classified as idiopathic. The dopaminergic system has a profound impact in the modulation of motor and reward-motivated behaviors, and defects in dopaminergic circuits are implicated in ASD. In our study, we compare three well-established mouse models of ASD, one idiopathic, the BTBR strain, and two syndromic, Fmr1 and Shank3 mutants. In these models, and in humans with ASD, alterations in dopaminergic metabolism and neurotransmission were highlighted. Still, accurate knowledge about the distribution of dopamine receptor densities in the basal ganglia is lacking. Using receptor autoradiography, we describe the neuroanatomical distribution of D1 and D2 receptors in dorsal and ventral striatum at late infancy and adulthood in the above-mentioned models. We show that D1 receptor binding density is different among the models irrespective of the region. A significant convergence in increased D2 receptor binding density in the ventral striatum at adulthood becomes apparent in BTBR and Shank3 lines, and a similar trend was observed in the Fmr1 line. Altogether, our results confirm the involvement of the dopaminergic system, showing defined alterations in dopamine receptor binding density in three well-established ASD lines, which may provide a plausible explanation to some of the prevalent traits of ASD. Moreover, our study provides a neuroanatomical framework to explain the utilization of D2-acting drugs such as Risperidone and Aripiprazole in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Chhabra
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonardo Nardi
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Leukel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens J. Sommer
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael J. Schmeisser,
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García-Bravo C, Palacios-Ceña D, Huertas-Hoyas E, Pérez-Corrales J, Serrada-Tejeda S, Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres M, Gueita-Rodríguez J, Martínez-Piédrola RM. "Your Life Turns Upside Down": A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Parents with Children Diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010073. [PMID: 36670624 PMCID: PMC9856272 DOI: 10.3390/children10010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Parents of children with rare diseases experience great uncertainty and employ different strategies to care for their children and cope with the disease. The purpose of the present study was to describe the perspective of parents with children with Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMS). (2) Methods: A non-probabilistic purposeful sampling was used to perform this qualitative descriptive study. Thirty-two parents with children with PMS were interviewed. In-depth interviews and research field notes were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. (3) Results: Four themes emerged from the data. "Understanding and accepting the disease" described how parents experienced their child's diagnosis and the lack of information. The second theme, called "Living day by day", highlighted the daily difficulties faced when caring for a child with PMS. The third theme, "Expectations versus reality", was based on the parents' expectations of parenthood and the reality they face. Expectations for the future are also included. Finally, "Pain and happiness" describes how parents alternate feelings of distress and suffering but also joy with what they learn from these experiences. (4) Conclusions: Health professionals can use these results to support parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Bravo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Domingo Palacios-Ceña
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-914888883
| | - Elisabet Huertas-Hoyas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Corrales
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrada-Tejeda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Javier Gueita-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rosa Mª Martínez-Piédrola
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
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Phelan K. The impact of Phelan-McDermid syndrome on the child and family. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022. [PMID: 36566470 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Phelan
- Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute LLC - Genetics Department, Fort Myers, FL, USA
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García-Bravo C, Martínez-Piédrola RM, García-Bravo S, Huertas-Hoyas E, Pérez-De-Heredia-Torres M, Palacios-Ceña D. La experiencia del diagnóstico y la atención en progenitores de niños diagnosticados con el Síndrome de Phelan-McDermid: Un estudio cualitativo. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022. [PMID: 36516235 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Bravo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Piédrola
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | | | - Elisabet Huertas-Hoyas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-De-Heredia-Torres
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Domingo Palacios-Ceña
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
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García-Bravo C, Martínez-Piédrola RM, García-Bravo S, Huertas-Hoyas E, Pérez-De-Heredia-Torres M, Palacios-Ceña D. Experiences surrounding the diagnostic process and care among parents of children diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid syndrome: A qualitative study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022. [PMID: 36463508 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the experience of parents of children diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) with regard to the diagnostic process, treatment, and medical care. METHOD A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Participants were recruited using non-probabilistic purposeful sampling. In total, 32 parents with children with PMS were included. In-depth interviews and researcher field notes were used. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS Five themes were identified: (1) the 'diagnostic process' describes the diagnostic process and how it is communicated to the parents; (2) 'treatment and expectations' describes the expectations and hopes placed on future treatment; (3) 'family planning' describes how parents deal with genetic counselling when planning to have more children after a diagnosis of PMS; (4) 'the world of disability' describes the entry of parents into an environment of dependency and disability after the diagnosis; (5) 'family's financial situation' highlights the financial difficulties due to the high cost of therapies and daily care products. INTERPRETATION Our results provide insight on how a diagnosis of PMS and its consequences are experienced by parents of children with PMS. These results can be used by health professionals to help and support parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Bravo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rosa M Martínez-Piédrola
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | | | - Elisabet Huertas-Hoyas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-De-Heredia-Torres
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Domingo Palacios-Ceña
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
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Serrada-Tejeda S, Martínez-Piédrola RM, Máximo-Bocanegra N, Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza P, Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres M. Descriptive Analysis of Adaptive Behavior in Phelan–McDermid Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:893003. [PMID: 35864987 PMCID: PMC9295709 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.893003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The variety in symptomatology and clinical presentation of individuals diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) can delay medical diagnosis, so identifying specific neurobehavioral variables and facilitating differential diagnosis with patients with idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can guide early detection. Methods A descriptive analysis of the level of adaptive behavior in 50 patients diagnosed with PMS was performed (SHANK3deletion: N = 44; SHANKmutation: N = 6). Subsequently, a comparative analysis was performed with 28 children aged between 4 years and 6 years and 11 months (SHANK3deletion = 14; ASD = 14). Differences between the two groups were evaluated and Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. Results Differences were identified in the variables of communication (z = −2.715, p = 0.007), Self-Direction (z = −2.199, p = 0.028) and social participation (z = −3.190, p = 0.001), with better adaptive behavior skills being observed in participants with a SHANK3mutation. Better adaptive skills in the sample of participants with ASD, were found and statistically significant differences were identified in the variables of academic skills (z = −3.084, p = 0.002), use of community resources (z = −1.889, p = 0.050) and health and safety (z = −2.90, p = 0.004). Conclusion Participants with SHANK3mutation show better communication and social participation skills than those with a diagnosis of SHANK3deletion. The observed differences between ASD and individuals with PMS reflect deficits in practical and conceptual adaptive skills that may limit and hinder daily adaptive functioning.
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