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Bueno D, Narayan Dey P, Schacht T, Wolf C, Wüllner V, Morpurgo E, Rojas-Charry L, Sessinghaus L, Leukel P, Sommer C, Radyushkin K, Florin L, Baumgart J, Stamm P, Daiber A, Horta G, Nardi L, Vasic V, Schmeisser MJ, Hellwig A, Oskamp A, Bauer A, Anand R, Reichert AS, Ritz S, Nocera G, Jacob C, Peper J, Silies M, Frauenknecht KBM, Schäfer MKE, Methner A. NECAB2 is an endosomal protein important for striatal function. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:643-656. [PMID: 37722569 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic signaling depends on ATP generated by mitochondria. Dysfunctional mitochondria shift the redox balance towards a more oxidative environment. Due to extensive connectivity, the striatum is especially vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. We found that neuronal calcium-binding protein 2 (NECAB2) plays a role in striatal function and mitochondrial homeostasis. NECAB2 is a predominantly endosomal striatal protein which partially colocalizes with mitochondria. This colocalization is enhanced by mild oxidative stress. Global knockout of Necab2 in the mouse results in increased superoxide levels, increased DNA oxidation and reduced levels of the antioxidant glutathione which correlates with an altered mitochondrial shape and function. Striatal mitochondria from Necab2 knockout mice are more abundant and smaller and characterized by a reduced spare capacity suggestive of intrinsic uncoupling respectively mitochondrial dysfunction. In line with this, we also found an altered stress-induced interaction of endosomes with mitochondria in Necab2 knockout striatal cultures. The predominance of dysfunctional mitochondria and the pro-oxidative redox milieu correlates with a loss of striatal synapses and behavioral changes characteristic of striatal dysfunction like reduced motivation and altered sensory gating. Together this suggests an involvement of NECAB2 in an endosomal pathway of mitochondrial stress response important for striatal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diones Bueno
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Germany.
| | - Partha Narayan Dey
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Germany.
| | - Teresa Schacht
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Germany.
| | - Christina Wolf
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Germany.
| | - Verena Wüllner
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Germany.
| | - Elena Morpurgo
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Germany.
| | - Liliana Rojas-Charry
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Germany; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Anatomy, Germany.
| | - Lena Sessinghaus
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Neuropathology, Germany.
| | - Petra Leukel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Neuropathology, Germany.
| | - Clemens Sommer
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Neuropathology, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Radyushkin
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mouse Behavior Unit, Germany.
| | - Luise Florin
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Virology, Germany.
| | - Jan Baumgart
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Translational Animal Research Center (TARC), Germany.
| | - Paul Stamm
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Center for Cardiology, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Center for Cardiology, Germany.
| | - Guilherme Horta
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Anatomy, Germany.
| | - Leonardo Nardi
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Anatomy, Germany.
| | - Verica Vasic
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Anatomy, Germany.
| | - Michael J Schmeisser
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Anatomy, Germany.
| | - Andrea Hellwig
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Angela Oskamp
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany.
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gianluigi Nocera
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Claire Jacob
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jonas Peper
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Marion Silies
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katrin B M Frauenknecht
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Neuropathology, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Axel Methner
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Germany.
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Nardi L, Chhabra S, Leukel P, Krueger-Burg D, Sommer CJ, Schmeisser MJ. Neuroanatomical changes of ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic receptor densities in male mice modeling idiopathic and syndromic autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1199097. [PMID: 37547211 PMCID: PMC10401048 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a wide range of neurodevelopment conditions primarily characterized by impaired social interaction and repetitive behavior, accompanied by a variable degree of neuropsychiatric characteristics. Synaptic dysfunction is undertaken as one of the key underlying mechanisms in understanding the pathophysiology of ASD. The excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) hypothesis is one of the most widely held theories for its pathogenesis. Shifts in E/I balance have been proven in several ASD models. In this study, we investigated three mouse lines recapitulating both idiopathic (the BTBR strain) and genetic (Fmr1 and Shank3 mutants) forms of ASD at late infancy and early adulthood. Using receptor autoradiography for ionotropic excitatory (AMPA and NMDA) and inhibitory (GABAA) receptors, we mapped the receptor binding densities in brain regions known to be associated with ASD such as prefrontal cortex, dorsal and ventral striatum, dorsal hippocampus, and cerebellum. The individual mouse lines investigated show specific alterations in excitatory ionotropic receptor density, which might be accounted as specific hallmark of each individual line. Across all the models investigated, we found an increased binding density to GABAA receptors at adulthood in the dorsal hippocampus. Interestingly, reduction in the GABAA receptor binding density was observed in the cerebellum. Altogether, our findings suggest that E/I disbalance individually affects several brain regions in ASD mouse models and that alterations in GABAergic transmission might be accounted as unifying factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Nardi
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stuti Chhabra
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Leukel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens J. Sommer
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Nardi L, Schmeisser MJ, Schumann S. Fixation and staining methods for macroscopical investigation of the brain. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1200196. [PMID: 37426902 PMCID: PMC10323195 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper preservation of human brain tissue is an indispensable requirement for post-mortem investigations. Neuroanatomical teaching, neuropathological examination, neurosurgical training, basic and clinical neuroscientific research are some of the possible downstream applications of brain specimens and, although much apart from one another, proper tissue fixation and preservation is a common denominator to all of them. In this review, the most relevant procedures to fixate brain tissue are described. In situ and immersion fixation approaches have been so far the most widespread ways to deliver the fixatives inside the skull. Although most of them rely on the use of formalin, alternative fixative solutions containing lower amounts of this compound mixed with other preservative agents, have been attempted. The combination of fixation and freezing paved the way for fiber dissection, particularly relevant for the neurosurgical practice and clinical neuroscience. Moreover, special techniques have been developed in neuropathology to tackle extraordinary problems, such as the examination of highly infective specimens, as in the case of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob encephalopathy, or fetal brains. Fixation is a fundamental prerequisite for further staining of brain specimens. Although several staining techniques have been developed for the microscopical investigation of the central nervous system, numerous approaches are also available for staining macroscopic brain specimens. They are mostly relevant for neuroanatomical and neuropathological teaching and can be divided in white and gray matter staining techniques. Altogether, brain fixation and staining techniques are rooted in the origins of neuroscience and continue to arouse interest in both preclinical and clinical neuroscientists also nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Nardi
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Chhabra S, Nardi L, Leukel P, Sommer CJ, Schmeisser MJ. Striatal increase of dopamine receptor 2 density in idiopathic and syndromic mouse models of autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1110525. [PMID: 36970280 PMCID: PMC10030619 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a wide range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes united by impaired social interaction and repetitive behavior. Environmental and genetic factors are associated with the pathogenesis of ASD, while other cases are classified as idiopathic. The dopaminergic system has a profound impact in the modulation of motor and reward-motivated behaviors, and defects in dopaminergic circuits are implicated in ASD. In our study, we compare three well-established mouse models of ASD, one idiopathic, the BTBR strain, and two syndromic, Fmr1 and Shank3 mutants. In these models, and in humans with ASD, alterations in dopaminergic metabolism and neurotransmission were highlighted. Still, accurate knowledge about the distribution of dopamine receptor densities in the basal ganglia is lacking. Using receptor autoradiography, we describe the neuroanatomical distribution of D1 and D2 receptors in dorsal and ventral striatum at late infancy and adulthood in the above-mentioned models. We show that D1 receptor binding density is different among the models irrespective of the region. A significant convergence in increased D2 receptor binding density in the ventral striatum at adulthood becomes apparent in BTBR and Shank3 lines, and a similar trend was observed in the Fmr1 line. Altogether, our results confirm the involvement of the dopaminergic system, showing defined alterations in dopamine receptor binding density in three well-established ASD lines, which may provide a plausible explanation to some of the prevalent traits of ASD. Moreover, our study provides a neuroanatomical framework to explain the utilization of D2-acting drugs such as Risperidone and Aripiprazole in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Chhabra
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonardo Nardi
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Leukel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens J. Sommer
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael J. Schmeisser,
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Bicker F, Nardi L, Maier J, Vasic V, Schmeisser MJ. Criss-crossing autism spectrum disorder and adult neurogenesis. J Neurochem 2021; 159:452-478. [PMID: 34478569 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders primarily characterized by deficits in social interaction and repetitive behavior. Although the onset is typically in early childhood, ASD poses a lifelong challenge for both patients and caretakers. Adult neurogenesis (AN) is the process by which new functional neurons are created from neural stem cells existing in the post-natal brain. The entire event is based on a sequence of cellular processes, such as proliferation, specification of cell fate, maturation, and ultimately, synaptic integration into the existing neural circuits. Hence, AN is implicated in structural and functional brain plasticity throughout life. Accumulating evidence shows that impaired AN may underlie some of the abnormal behavioral phenotypes seen in ASD. In this review, we approach the interconnections between the molecular pathways related to AN and ASD. We also discuss existing therapeutic approaches targeting such pathways both in preclinical and clinical studies. A deeper understanding of how ASD and AN reciprocally affect one another could reveal important converging pathways leading to the emergence of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bicker
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonardo Nardi
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jannik Maier
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verica Vasic
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J Schmeisser
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
Carl Florian Toldt was an Austrian anatomist who made meaningful contributions worldwide and defined what is one of the most important surgical landmarks in abdominal surgery. Through his research studies, the embryologic dissection plane known as the "White Line of Toldt" represents an important anatomical landmark that helps to mobilize either the ascending or descending colon. His career spanned over 45 years, beginning in Verona and continuing to Prague and Vienna. He was an author of several innovative books and scientific articles regarding micro- and macroscopic anatomy. In addition, he received numerous recognitions and prizes for his work, making him an essential figure in the medical scientific community. Even a street in Vienna, Karl-Toldt-Weg, is named in his honor. The purpose of this historical article is to celebrate and honor Toldt 100 years following his death, remembering his scientific contributions to the medical and surgical fields and giving thanks for his numerous accomplishments. This article brings light to the man behind the eponym.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Serena
- Department of Surgery, 3080Nassau University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Nardi
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J Schmeisser
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - L D George Angus
- Department of Surgery, 3080Nassau University Medical Center, NY, USA
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Belletti B, Nardi L, Rinaldi M, Poppe M, Brabec K, Bussettini M, Comiti F, Gielczewski M, Golfieri B, Hellsten S, Kail J, Marchese E, Marcinkowski P, Okruszko T, Paillex A, Schirmer M, Stelmaszczyk M, Surian N. Assessing Restoration Effects on River Hydromorphology Using the Process-based Morphological Quality Index in Eight European River Reaches. Environ Manage 2018; 61:69-84. [PMID: 29150720 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Morphological Quality Index (MQI) and the Morphological Quality Index for monitoring (MQIm) have been applied to eight case studies across Europe with the objective of analyzing the hydromorphological response to various restoration measures and of comparing the results of the MQI and MQIm as a morphological assessment applied at the reach scale, with a conventional site scale physical-habitat assessment method. For each restored reach, the two indices were applied to the pre-restoration and post-restoration conditions. The restored reach was also compared to an adjacent, degraded reach. Results show that in all cases the restoration measures improved the morphological quality of the reach, but that the degree of improvement depends on many factors, including the initial morphological conditions, the length of the restored portion in relation to the reach length, and on the type of intervention. The comparison with a conventional site scale physical-habitat assessment method shows that the MQI and MQIm are best suited for the evaluation of restoration effects on river hydromorphology at the geomorphologically-relevant scale of the river reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Belletti
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - L Nardi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Rinaldi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Poppe
- University of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU), Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Brabec
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Bussettini
- National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), ISPRA, Italy
| | - F Comiti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - M Gielczewski
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - B Golfieri
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Hellsten
- Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kail
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - E Marchese
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - P Marcinkowski
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - T Okruszko
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - A Paillex
- Aquatic Ecology Department, EAWAG, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Schirmer
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, EAWAG, Switzerland
| | - M Stelmaszczyk
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - N Surian
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Rinaldi M, Belletti B, Bussettini M, Comiti F, Golfieri B, Lastoria B, Marchese E, Nardi L, Surian N. New tools for the hydromorphological assessment and monitoring of European streams. J Environ Manage 2017; 202:363-378. [PMID: 27889363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydromorphological stream assessment has significantly expanded over the last years, but a need has emerged from recent reviews for more comprehensive, process-based methods that consider the character and dynamics of the river with greater accuracy. With this as a focus, a series of hydromorphological tools have been developed and/or further extended in Europe within the context of the REFORM (REstoring rivers FOR effective catchment Management) project. The aim of this paper is to present the set of REFORM hydromorphological assessment methods and, based on some examples of their application, to illustrate and discuss their synergic use, specific features, limitations and strengths. This assessment and monitoring includes three tools: the Morphological Quality Index (MQI), the Morphological Quality Index for monitoring (MQIm), and the Geomorphic Units survey and classification System (GUS). These tools constitute the assessment phase of an overall multi-scale, process-based hydromorphological framework developed in REFORM. The MQI is aimed at an assessment, classification and monitoring of the current morphological state; the MQIm aims at monitoring the tendency of morphological conditions (enhancement or deterioration); the GUS provides a characterization, classification and monitoring of geomorphic units. A series of examples are used to illustrate the potential range of application, including: (i) an assessment of morphological conditions; (ii) an assessment of the morphological effects of restoration projects; (iii) an evaluation of the geomorphic impacts of interventions for risk mitigation; and (iv) an integrated use of MQI and GUS to assess and characterise morphological conditions. Finally, some of the main features, strengths and peculiarities of the three hydromorphological tools are discussed with the support of examples of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rinaldi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via S.Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - B Belletti
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via S.Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - M Bussettini
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - F Comiti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - B Golfieri
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B Lastoria
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - E Marchese
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - L Nardi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via S.Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - N Surian
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Crovetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - L. Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - R. Bozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - O. Franci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Firenze, Italy
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Crovetti A, Bozzi R, Nardi L, Franci O, Fontanesi L. Assessment of variability of genes associated with meat quality traits in Cinta Senese pigs. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Crovetti
- Dipartimento Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - R. Bozzi
- Dipartimento Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - L. Nardi
- Dipartimento Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - O. Franci
- Dipartimento Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - L. Fontanesi
- Dipartimento Protezione e Valorizzazione Agroalimentare, Università di Bologna, Italy
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Papadopoulos C, Nardi L, Antoniadou M, Stasinopoulos D. Greek adaptation and validation of the Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Severity Scale. Hong Kong Physiother J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkpj.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Bozzi R, Degl’Innocenti P, Rivera Diaz P, Nardi L, Crovetti A, Sargentini C, Giorgetti A. Genetic characterization and breed assignment in five Italian sheep breeds using microsatellite markers. Small Rumin Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Riccardo F, Russo G, Scaroni E, De Rosa AG, Pacini A, Nardi L, Pacifici LE. [Epidemiological surveillance for infectious diseases and humanitarian emergencies]. Infez Med 2007; Suppl 1:38-42. [PMID: 17598992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A disaster both natural and man made is managed in time according to separate phases that respond to specific requirements and needs. In the late and post emergency phases problems of public health are priority and in particular the identification and containment of epidemic clusters. Epidemiological surveillance is the main instrument used and in this paper it is analysed both in theory and in its application in the Italian Red Cross mission in Sri Lanka devastated by the 2004 Tsunami.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Riccardo
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
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14
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Pacifici LE, Riccardo F, De Rosa AG, Pacini A, Nardi L, Russo G, Scaroni E. [General organizational issues in disaster health response]. Infez Med 2007; Suppl 1:4-8. [PMID: 17598986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show how in the 2004-2005 period there has been an increase in natural disasters of 18% worldwide. According to a renowned author planning for disaster response is as valid as the starting hypothesis. The study of an inductive mental process in disaster response planning is the key to avoiding the invention and re-invention of the wheel for each emergency. Research in this field however is hampered by different factors one of which is data collection that during disaster response requires specific training. Standardization of data collection models with limitation of the number of variables is required as is taking into account problems related to people migration and subsequent sampling problems and retrospective analysis. Moreover poor attention to the training of the volunteers employed on the field is an issue to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Pacifici
- Croce Rossa Italiana, Ufficio Attivita di Cooperazione e Sviluppo Sanitario Internazionale; Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Universita degli Studi di Roma, La Sapienza, Italy
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15
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Scaroni E, Riccardo F, De Rosa AG, Russo G, Pacini A, Nardi L, Pacifici LE. [Laws relevant to international missions of health cooperation]. Infez Med 2007; Suppl 1:14-20. [PMID: 17598988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Both medical doctors and humanitarian operators engaged in health relief or development missions abroad, are called to respect the general principles of international law, that is to say, customary law that is legally compulsory for the International Community and rules deriving from Treaties and International Conventions. Humanitarian operators have to observe also the rules and regulations of the hosting country. They have to respect all rules applying to their humanitarian action and they have to take responsibility towards beneficiaries and donors alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scaroni
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Universita degli Studi di Roma, La Sapienza, Italy
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16
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Russo G, Riccardo F, Scaroni E, Nardi L, De Rosa AG, Pacini A, Pacifici LE. [Infectious diseases and population assistance: general issues]. Infez Med 2007; Suppl 1:30-7. [PMID: 17598991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Actually the infectious diseases are a predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in limited resource countries and, of course, not unimportant in industrialized countries where the social phenomena of immigration and increased internal and international mobility of people may facilitate the reemergence of infectious diseases considered overcome. It is becoming more and more important to consider the actual role of assistance of people for infectious diseases: a careful consideration needing of concretes example for becoming medical practices and social languages appropriates to the local context and useful for promoting more efficacious cares and prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Russo
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
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17
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Nardi L, Scaroni E, Riccardo F, De Rosa AG, Pacini A, Russo G, Pacifici LE. [New global challenges: the role of international organizations]. Infez Med 2007; Suppl 1:9-13. [PMID: 17598987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Facing the numerous humanitarian emergencies that upset the international balances, the International Organisations (IO) who intervene are: the Agencies of the United Nations (UN), the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) and NGOs. In the sector of international health cooperation, the World Health Organization (WHO) has elaborated a document, the International Health Regulations (IHR), that regulates the health workers' activity during a health emergency. In this paper different International Organizations employed in international humanitarian crisis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nardi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
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18
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De Rosa AG, Pacini A, Scaroni E, Riccardo F, Nardi L, Russo G, Pacifici LE. [Optimizing international humanitarian assistance through the definition of personal profiles: the role of graphology]. Infez Med 2007; Suppl 1:25-9. [PMID: 17598990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The authors illustrate the frequent applications of the modern science of graphology after having evoked its birth and development. Regarding the relationship between major catastrophes and graphology they specify that the latter is useful both in the definition of the personality profiles of the staff that is sent on relief missions and in evaluating the reactions of the victims in order to simplify the work of psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Universita degli Studi di Roma, La Sapienza, Italy
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Pacini A, Pacifici LE, Riccardo F, Nardi L, Russo G, Scaroni E, De Rosa AG. [Psychological perception of risk, infections and catastrophes. The greatest danger is human nature]. Infez Med 2007; Suppl 1:21-4. [PMID: 17598989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Risk perception is due to a subjective evaluation of reality and depends on a number of factors such as: individual coherence and flexibility, the set of social values and rules that contributed to the definition of the individuals' interior world - this does not always make proper risk perception possible. Even though the way common people set-up their own judgment is based on their own interpretation tracks, surely different from expert criteria, we cannot label their approach as irrational. Over time, through an evolutionary process, people have decided what is safe and what is dangerous; this personal awareness was not based on the science but on experiences, images, feelings and emotions. Most of the time, neither social nor economical conditions can prevent people to feel an epidemic risk in the same way as it was felt during the plague of 1350. Most of the time, after a disaster, victims experience a regression so, for example, even if it is known that corpses do not always cause infections, after the tsunami disaster, most of the bodies were quickly cremated by scared survivors; this made the identification and burial of the victims impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pacini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
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Nardi L. Post-Extraction Losses of Volatile Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Capillary Extraction–HRGC Analysis: A Quantitative Assessment. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Lucretti S, Nardi L, Nisini PT, Moretti F, Gualberti G, Dolezel J. Bivariate flow cytometry DNA/BrdUrd analysis of plant cell cycle. Methods Cell Sci 2000; 21:155-66. [PMID: 10728648 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009893008892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe a protocol for flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle in plants using indirect immunolabelling staining and Vicia faba, Pisum sativum and Zea mays root tip cells as model systems. The protocol is based on simultaneous analysis of two fluorescent signals. The first, obtained after staining with propidium iodide, is used to quantify nuclear DNA content. The second, obtained after indirect immunofluorescent staining of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), is used to quantify the amount of BrdUrd incorporated into nuclear DNA. In an attempt to standardize the procedure, the effects of various conditions for partial DNA denaturation using HCl, as well as of BrdUrd concentration and incorporation time on flow cytometry DNA/BrdUrd content analysis have been studied. Maximum BrdUrd-linked fluorescence was observed after a 30 min pulse with 10 microM BrdUrd and after DNA denaturation with 1.5 N HCl (final concentration) for 30 min at 25 degrees C. Under these conditions, DNA content histograms with relatively small coefficient of variation (< 4%, full peak) could be obtained. To avoid non-specific staining of cytoplasm and cell walls, the protocol involves the use of nuclei isolated from formaldehyde-fixed tissues. Fixed isolated nuclei are stable and may be stored in hexylene glycol 0.75 M at 4 degrees C for prolonged periods prior to actual staining and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lucretti
- ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Department INN, Rome, Italy.
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Lucretti S, Dolezel J, Greilhuber J, Lysak MA, Meister A, Nardi L, Obermayer R. Inter laboratory comparison for reliability and reproducibility of plant DNA flow cytometry. Eur J Histochem 1998; 41 Suppl 2:177-8. [PMID: 9859837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Lucretti
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Centre, INN Department, Santa Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy
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Mallace Raso F, Marsico G, Nardi L, D'Amore M, Mattace R, Olivo D. Benign edema tods polysynovitis (rs3pe syndrome) secondary to endometrial adenocarcinoma. Pharmacotherapy 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(96)89732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nardi L, Bosch J. Recirculation: review, techniques for measurement and ability to predict hemoaccess stenosis before and after angioplasty. Blood Purif 1988; 6:85-9. [PMID: 2969252 DOI: 10.1159/000169488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of recirculation during two-needle hemodialysis has been shown to provide valuable information concerning distal hemoaccess stenosis and the loss of effective dialysis. Reference sources have suggested that levels of recirculation above 20% call for further investigation. We proposed a technique for routine recirculation measurement and studied 20 stable hemodialysis patients using this method. We found that all patients had recirculations of less than 10%. We also studied 2 patients with angiographically proven stenosis and found 1 patient with a recirculation of less than 20%. Routine recirculation testing provides valuable information about hemoaccess integrity and using our techniques, recirculation greater than 10% is an indication for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nardi
- Renal Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
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Lieberman K, Nardi L, Bosch J. Treatment of Acute Renal Failure in an Infant Using Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration. J Urol 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)47471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.V. Lieberman
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Jack and Lucy Clark Department of Pediatrics, and the Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - L. Nardi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Jack and Lucy Clark Department of Pediatrics, and the Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - J.P. Bosch
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Jack and Lucy Clark Department of Pediatrics, and the Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
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27
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Nardi L, Constantini S. An association of parotid carcinoma with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Mt Sinai J Med 1984; 51:298-9. [PMID: 6611500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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