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Rabadán-Chávez G, Díaz de la Garza RI, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. White adipose tissue: Distribution, molecular insights of impaired expandability, and its implication in fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166853. [PMID: 37611674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We are far behind the 2025 World Health Organization (WHO) goal of a zero increase in obesity. Close to 360 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean are overweight, with the highest rates observed in the Bahamas, Mexico, and Chile. To achieve relevant progress against the obesity epidemic, scientific research is essential to establish uniform practices in the study of obesity pathophysiology (using pre-clinical and clinical models) that ensure accuracy, reproducibility, and transcendent outcomes. The present review focuses on relevant aspects of white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, underlying mechanisms of inefficient expandability, and its repercussion in ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver during nutritional abundance. In addition, we highlight the potential role of disrupted circadian rhythm in WAT metabolism. Since genetic factors also play a key role in determining an individual's predisposition to weight gain, we describe the most relevant genes associated with obesity in the Mexican population, underlining that most of them are related to appetite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Rabadán-Chávez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Rocío I Díaz de la Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, C.P. 45201 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Velazquez-Roman J, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Leon-Sicairos N, Flores-Villaseñor H, Benitez-Baez M, Espinoza-Salomón A, Karam-León A, Villamil-Ramírez H, Canizales-Quinteros S, Macías-Kauffer L, Monroy-Higuera J, Acosta-Smith E, Canizalez-Roman A. Association of PCSK1 and PPARG1 Allelic Variants with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Adults. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1775. [PMID: 37761915 PMCID: PMC10531047 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, are among the most important public health challenges worldwide. Metabolic diseases are classified as multifactorial diseases in which genetic variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may play an important role. The present study aimed to identify associations linking allelic variants of the PCSK1, TMEM18, GPX5, ZPR1, ZBTB16, and PPARG1 genes with anthropometric and biochemical traits and metabolic diseases (obesity or metabolic syndrome) in an adult population from northwestern Mexico. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 523 subjects, including 247 with normal weight, 276 with obesity, and 147 with metabolic syndrome. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were recorded, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by real-time PCR. RESULTS PCSK1 was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with BMI, weight, and waist-to-hip ratio; TMEM18 was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and triglyceride levels; GPX5 was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol levels. In addition, PCSK1 was associated with obesity (p = 1.0 × 10-4) and metabolic syndrome (p = 3.0 × 10-3), whereas PPARG1 was associated with obesity (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS The associations found in this study, mainly between allelic variants of PCSK1 and metabolic traits, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, may represent a risk for developing metabolic diseases in adult subjects from northwestern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Velazquez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80019, Mexico; (J.V.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (H.F.-V.); (A.E.-S.); (E.A.-S.)
| | - Uriel A. Angulo-Zamudio
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80019, Mexico; (J.V.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (H.F.-V.); (A.E.-S.); (E.A.-S.)
| | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80019, Mexico; (J.V.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (H.F.-V.); (A.E.-S.); (E.A.-S.)
- Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, Constitución 530, Jorge Almada, Culiacan Sinaloa 80200, Mexico
| | - Hector Flores-Villaseñor
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80019, Mexico; (J.V.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (H.F.-V.); (A.E.-S.); (E.A.-S.)
- The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan Sinaloa 80020, Mexico
| | - Miriam Benitez-Baez
- Programa de Doctorado, Posgrado Integral en Biotecnología, FCQB, UAS, Culiacan Sinaloa 80013, Mexico; (M.B.-B.); (A.K.-L.); (J.M.-H.)
| | - Ana Espinoza-Salomón
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80019, Mexico; (J.V.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (H.F.-V.); (A.E.-S.); (E.A.-S.)
| | - Alejandra Karam-León
- Programa de Doctorado, Posgrado Integral en Biotecnología, FCQB, UAS, Culiacan Sinaloa 80013, Mexico; (M.B.-B.); (A.K.-L.); (J.M.-H.)
| | - Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (H.V.-R.); (S.C.-Q.); (L.M.-K.)
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (H.V.-R.); (S.C.-Q.); (L.M.-K.)
| | - Luis Macías-Kauffer
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/INMEGEN, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (H.V.-R.); (S.C.-Q.); (L.M.-K.)
| | - Jose Monroy-Higuera
- Programa de Doctorado, Posgrado Integral en Biotecnología, FCQB, UAS, Culiacan Sinaloa 80013, Mexico; (M.B.-B.); (A.K.-L.); (J.M.-H.)
| | - Erika Acosta-Smith
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80019, Mexico; (J.V.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (H.F.-V.); (A.E.-S.); (E.A.-S.)
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80019, Mexico; (J.V.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (H.F.-V.); (A.E.-S.); (E.A.-S.)
- The Women’s Hospital, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan Sinaloa 80020, Mexico
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Alfaqih MA, Aljanabi M, Ababneh E, Khanfar M, Alqudah M, Sater M. Leptin and the rs2167270 Polymorphism Are Associated with Glycemic Control in Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Metformin Therapy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:997. [PMID: 37241229 PMCID: PMC10221967 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with debilitating complications and high mortality. Evidence indicates that good glycemic control delays disease progression and is hence a target of disease management protocols. Nonetheless, some patients cannot maintain glycemic control. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum leptin levels and several SNPs of the LEP gene with the lack of glycemic control in T2DM patients on metformin therapy. Materials and Methods: In a hospital-based case-control study, 170 patients with poor glycemic control and 170 patients with good glycemic control were recruited. Serum leptin was measured. Patients were genotyped for three SNPs in the LEP gene (rs7799039, rs2167270, and rs791620). Results: Serum leptin was significantly lower in T2DM patients with poor glycemic control (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, serum leptin levels significantly lowered the risk of having poor glycemic control (OR = 0.985; CI: 0.976-0.994; p = 0.002); moreover, the GA genotype of rs2167270 was protective against poor glycemic control compared to the GG genotype (OR = 0.417; CI: 0.245-0.712; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Higher serum leptin and the GA genotype of the rs2167270 SNP of the LEP gene were associated with good glycemic control in T2DM patients on metformin therapy. Further studies with a larger sample size from multiple institutions are required to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alfaqih
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 15503, Bahrain;
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mukhallad Aljanabi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Ebaa Ababneh
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariam Khanfar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Manama 15503, Bahrain;
| | - Mai Sater
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 15503, Bahrain;
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Identification and Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the FTO Gene with Indicators of Overweight and Obesity in a Young Mexican Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010159. [PMID: 36672899 PMCID: PMC9858641 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: obesity is a global public health problem; various factors have been associated with this disease, and genetic factors play a very important role. Previous studies in multiple populations have associated a gene with fat mass and obesity (FTO). Thus, the present work aims to identify and determine associations between genetic variants of FTO with indicators of overweight and obesity in the Mexican population. (2) Methods: a total of 638 subjects were evaluated to compile data on body mass index (BMI), the percentage of body fat (%BF), the waist circumference (WC), the serum levels of triglycerides (TG), and food consumption. A total of 175 genetic variants in the FTO gene were sampled by a microarray in the evaluated population, followed by association statistical analyses and comparisons of means. (3) Results: a total of 34 genetic variants were associated with any of the 6 indicators of overweight and obesity, but only 15 showed mean differences using the recessive model after the Bonferroni correction. The present study shows a wide evaluation of FTO genetic variants associated with a classic indicator of overweight and obesity, which highlights the importance of genetic analyses in the study of obesity.
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