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Rong M, Xing X, Zhang R. Muscle Transcriptome Analysis of Mink at Different Growth Stages Using RNA-Seq. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:283. [PMID: 38785766 PMCID: PMC11117779 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mink is a kind of small and precious fur animal resource. In this study, we employed transcriptomics technology to analyze the gene expression profile of mink pectoral muscle tissue, thereby elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying mink growth and development. Consequently, a total of 25,954 gene expression profiles were acquired throughout the growth and development stages of mink at 45, 90, and 120 days. Among these profiles, 2607 genes exhibited significant differential expression (|log2(fold change)| ≥ 2 and p_adj < 0.05). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were primarily associated with the mitotic cell cycle process, response to growth factors, muscle organ development, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, GSEA enrichment analysis demonstrated a significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the p53 signaling pathway at 45 days of age. Subsequent analysis revealed that genes associated with embryonic development (e.g., PEG10, IGF2, NRK), cell cycle regulation (e.g., CDK6, CDC6, CDC27, CCNA2), and the FGF family (e.g., FGF2, FGF6, FGFR2) were all found to be upregulated at 45 days of age in mink, which suggested a potential role for these genes in governing early growth and developmental processes. Conversely, genes associated with skeletal muscle development (PRVA, TNNI1, TNNI2, MYL3, MUSTN1), a negative regulator of the cell cycle gene (CDKN2C), and IGFBP6 were found to be up-regulated at 90 days of age, suggesting their potential involvement in the rapid growth of mink. In summary, our experimental data provide robust support for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying the growth and development of mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Rong
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.R.); (X.X.)
- Dezhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Development Center, Dezhou 253000, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.R.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Special Economic Animals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.R.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Special Economic Animals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130112, China
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Chen G, Qi L, Zhang S, Peng H, Lin Z, Zhang X, Nie Q, Luo W. Metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic profiles provide insights on meat quality differences between Shitou and Wuzong geese. Food Chem 2024; 438:137967. [PMID: 37979274 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive comparison of metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic profiles was conducted between the breast and leg muscles of Shitou goose (STE) and Wuzhong goose (WZE), which exhibit significant variations in body size and growth rate, to evaluate their impact on meat quality. WZE had higher intramuscular fat content in their breast muscles, which were also chewier and had higher drip and cooking losses than STE. Metabolomic analysis revealed differential regulation of amino acid and purine metabolism between WZE and STE. Lipidomic analysis indicated a higher abundance of PE and PC lipid molecules in WZE. Integration of proteomic and metabolomic data highlighted purine metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis as the major distinguishing pathways between STE and WZE. The primary differential pathways between breast and leg muscles were associated with energy metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the distinct meat quality of STE and WZE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Haoqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zetong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Davoudi P, Do DN, Rathgeber B, Colombo S, Sargolzaei M, Plastow G, Wang Z, Miar Y. Characterization of runs of homozygosity islands in American mink using whole-genome sequencing data. J Anim Breed Genet 2024. [PMID: 38389405 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The genome-wide analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands can be an effective strategy for identifying shared variants within a population and uncovering important genomic regions related to complex traits. The current study performed ROH analysis to characterize the genome-wide patterns of homozygosity, identify ROH islands and annotated genes within these candidate regions using whole-genome sequencing data from 100 American mink (Neogale vison). After sequence processing, variants were called using GATK and Samtools pipelines. Subsequent to quality control, 8,373,854 bi-allelic variants identified by both pipelines remained for further analysis. A total of 34,652 ROH segments were identified in all individuals, among which shorter segments (0.3-1 Mb) were abundant throughout the genome, approximately accounting for 84.39% of all ROH. Within these segments, we identified 63 ROH islands housing 156 annotated genes. The genes located in ROH islands were associated with fur quality (EDNRA, FGF2, FOXA2 and SLC24A4), body size/weight (MYLK4, PRIM2, FABP2, EYS and PHF3), immune capacity (IL2, IL21, PTP4A1, SEMA4C, JAK2, CCNA2 and TNIP3) and reproduction (ADAD1, KHDRBS2, INSL6, PGRMC2 and HSPA4L). Furthermore, Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed 56 and 9 significant terms (FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05), respectively, among which cGMP-PKG signalling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and calcium signalling pathway were highlighted due to their functional roles in growth and fur characteristics. This is the first study to present ROH islands in American mink. The candidate genes from ROH islands and functional enrichment analysis suggest possible signatures of selection in response to the mink breeding targets, such as increased body length, reproductive performance and fur quality. These findings contribute to our understanding of genetic characteristics, and provide complementary information to assist with implementation of breeding strategies for genetic improvement in American mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Davoudi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Duy Ngoc Do
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Bruce Rathgeber
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stefanie Colombo
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Select Sires Inc., Plain City, Ohio, USA
| | - Graham Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Younes Miar
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Huang R, Chen J, Dong X, Zhang X, Luo W. Transcriptome Data Revealed the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network during the Proliferation and Differentiation of Myoblasts in Shitou Goose. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:576. [PMID: 38396545 PMCID: PMC10885906 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CircRNA, a recently characterized non-coding RNA (ncRNA) variant, functions as a molecular sponge, exerting regulatory control by binding to microRNA (miRNA) and modulating the expression of downstream proteins, either promoting or inhibiting their expression. Among poultry species, geese hold significant importance, prized by consumers for their delectable taste and rich nutritional content. Despite the prominence of geese, research on the growth and development of goose muscle, particularly the regulatory role of circRNAs in goose muscle formation, remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we constructed comprehensive expression profiles of circRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) within the myoblasts and myotubes of Shitou geese. We identified a total of 96 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) and 880 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Notably, the parental genes of DEcircRNAs and DEmRNAs exhibited enrichment in the Wnt signaling pathway, highlighting its potential impact on the proliferation and differentiation of goose myoblasts. Employing RNAhybrid and miRDB, we identified circRNA-miRNA pairs and mRNA-miRNA pairs that may play a role in regulating myogenic differentiation or muscle growth. Subsequently, utilizing Cytoscape, we constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network aimed at unraveling the intricate regulatory mechanisms involved in goose muscle growth and development, which comprises 93 circRNAs, 351 miRNAs, and 305 mRNAs. Moreover, the identification of 10 hub genes (ACTB, ACTN1, BDNF, PDGFRA, MYL1, EFNA5, MYSM1, THBS1, ITGA8, and ELN) potentially linked to myogenesis, along with the exploration of their circRNA-miRNA-hub gene regulatory axis, was also conducted. These competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms associated with muscle growth in Shitou geese, providing deeper insights into the reciprocal regulation of circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA in the context of goose muscle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqin Huang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xu Dong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhao X, Cao Y, Li H, Wu Y, Yao Y, Wang L, Li J, Yao Y. Development of myofibers and muscle transcriptomic analysis in growing Yili geese. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103328. [PMID: 38157792 PMCID: PMC10790089 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In poultries, muscle growth is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. The regulatory mechanisms governing muscle tissue growth and development in poultry, particularly during the early stages of growth, are intricate. Through the examination of leg muscle transcripts from Yili geese during various stages of development, this study offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth and development of Yili geese. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the histological characteristics of leg muscles and the mRNA expression profiles of leg muscles in Yili geese at different ages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wk). The objective was to identify differentially expressed genes related to muscle development in Yili geese and utilize bioinformatics to predict the potential biological functions of these genes. Through histological studies on leg muscle tissues, it was discerned that male geese at 4 wk exhibit a significantly reduced muscle fiber density in comparison to females (P < 0.01). In contrast, by the time they reach 6, 8, and 10 wk, their muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional dimensions significantly outpace the females (P < 0.01). With the advancement in age, muscle fiber density tends to decrease. It is worth noting that 4- and 6-wk-old male geese have a substantially elevated muscle fiber density when matched against females (P < 0.01). Conversely, at the age of 10 wk, their muscle fiber density is notably inferior to the females (P < 0.01). Furthermore, male geese exhibit the most rapid increase in muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area between 4 and 6 wk of age. The density of muscle fibers in these geese significantly decreases from 4 to 8 wk. In contrast, female geese show the most pronounced growth in muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area between 2 and 6 wk, with a swift decline in density following the 6-wk mark, accompanied by a gradual reduction in the rate of muscle fiber growth. A comprehensive analysis of the leg muscle mRNA expression profiles from 12 Yili geese generated a cumulative total of 502,065,268 valid sequence reads, corresponding to a data volume of 75.30 Gb. In a comparative analysis between 4-wk-old and 2-wk-old groups (T4 vs. T2), 8-wk-old and 2-wk-old groups (T8 vs. T2), and 8-wk-old and 4-wk-old groups (T8 vs. T4), we identified 1,700, 1,583, and 221 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) terms such as organelle organization, cytoskeletal protein binding, cation transport, myosin complex, and actin cytoskeleton. Among the significantly enriched signaling pathways, 5 pathways were found to be significantly related to growth and development: adhesion patch, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, tight junction, TGF-β signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway, with a total of 38 differentially differentiated genes contained in these 5 pathways, and it was hypothesized that the above pathways as well as the DEGs in the pathways played an important role in the regulation of early growth and development of the Yili goose. This investigation serves as a foundational reference for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in the development of goose muscle. Furthermore, it contributes to the expansion of the theoretical framework concerning the genetic regulation of muscle growth in geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Yingping Wu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - YingYing Yao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yang Yao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Gao G, Zhang K, Huang P, Zhao X, Li Q, Xie Y, Yin C, Li J, Wang Z, Zhong H, Xue J, Chen Z, Wu X, Wang Q. Identification of SNPs Associated with Goose Meat Quality Traits Using a Genome-Wide Association Study Approach. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2089. [PMID: 37443887 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Goose meat is highly valued for its economic significance and vast market potential due to its desirable qualities, including a rich nutritional profile, tender texture, relatively low-fat content, and high levels of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids. However, there is an urgent need to improve goose breeding by identifying molecular markers associated with meat quality. (2) Methods: We evaluated meat quality traits, such as meat color, shear force (SF), cooking loss rate (CLR), and crude fat content (CFC), in a population of 215 male Sichuan white geese at 70 days of age. A GWAS was performed to identify potential molecular markers associated with goose meat quality. Furthermore, the selected SNPs linked to meat quality traits were genotyped using the MALDI-TOP MS method. (3) Results: A dataset of 2601.19 Gb of WGS data was obtained from 215 individuals, with an average sequencing depth of 10.89×. The GWAS revealed the identification of 43 potentially significant SNP markers associated with meat quality traits in the Sichuan white goose population. Additionally, 28 genes were identified as important candidate genes for meat quality. The gene enrichment analysis indicated a substantial enrichment of genes within a 1Mb vicinity of SNPs in both the protein digestion and absorption pathway and the Glycerolipid metabolism pathway. (4) Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying goose meat quality traits, offering crucial references for molecular breeding in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Gao
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xianzhi Zhao
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Qin Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Youhui Xie
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Chunhui Yin
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jing Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hang Zhong
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zhuping Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xianwen Wu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qigui Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
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