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Katayama A, Abe T, Hase A, Miyatake N. Relationship between Driving Ability and Physical Fitness Factors in Older Adults: A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:660. [PMID: 38928907 PMCID: PMC11204221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The number of older drivers is increasing with the aging population; this has led to concerns about traffic accidents involving older drivers. For older adults, the automobile is not just a means of transportation, but a life necessity that promotes social activities and maintains and improves health-related quality of life. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between driving ability and physical fitness factors among 70 older adult drivers using a single regression analysis and multiple regression models adjusted for age, sex, and other factors. Driving ability was evaluated by driving an actual car on an ordinary road without a simulator. The single regression analysis revealed no relationship between driving ability and any physical fitness factor. In the multiple regression model analysis, only grip strength was an important explanatory factor; however, the driving ability scores decreased as grip strength scores increased. By clarifying the physical fitness factors that influence the maintenance and improvement of driving ability, it is possible to propose more efficient intervention programs to maintain and improve driving ability. We could not identify the relevant physical fitness factors in this study; therefore, further research is required to improve safe driving among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Katayama
- Faculty of Sociology, Shikoku Gakuin University, Zentsuji-shi 765-8505, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takenori Abe
- Promoting Exercise Association in Kagawa, Marugame-shi 763-0074, Kagawa, Japan;
| | - Ayako Hase
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan;
| | - Nobuyuki Miyatake
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan;
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Yu RWL, Chan AHS. Meta-analysis of the effects of game types and devices on older adults-video game interaction: Implications for video game training on cognition. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 96:103477. [PMID: 34107433 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Video game training can effectively improve the cognition of older adults. However, whether video game types and game devices influence the training effects of video games remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to access and evaluate the effects of video game types and game devices in video game training on the cognition of older adults. Interestingly, results indicated that mouse/keyboard was superior over other video game devices on perceptual-motor function. The effect size (Hedge's g) for perceptual-motor function decreased by 1.777 and 1.722 when the video game training device changed from mouse/keyboard to driving simulator and motion controller. The effects of cognitive training game and conventional video game were moderated by session length. More well-designed studies are required to clarify the unique efficacy of video game types and devices for older adults with video game training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Wing Lam Yu
- Department of Advanced Design and Systems Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Alan Hoi Shou Chan
- Department of Advanced Design and Systems Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Biernacki MP, Lewkowicz R. How do older drivers perceive visual information under increasing cognitive load? Significance of personality on-road safety. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 157:106186. [PMID: 34004466 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to properly receive information and respond to stimuli is a prerequisite for road safety. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in oculomotor activity under conditions of increasing cognitive load depending on personality traits in older drivers (65 years and above). We assessed 44 male active drivers (M = 69, SD = 8.1) in a road traffic simulator in the dual-task paradigm: n-back reaction test (central task) and memory test (peripheral task). During the test in the simulator, oculomotor activity was recorded. Drivers' personality traits were determined using the EPQ-R questionnaire. With the increase of cognitive load in drivers with high levels of neuroticism and extraversion, the time of saccades and fixation significantly increased. The decrease in the effectiveness of visual attention shifting in older drivers intensified as the difficulty of performing tasks increased and manifested itself in longer saccade and fixation times. A higher level of neuroticism and the resulting stress and emotional tension can translate into a greater tendency to make mistakes in older drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Piotr Biernacki
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Department of Aviation Physiology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Lewkowicz
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Simulator Study and Aeromedical Training Division, 54/56 Krasinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland.
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Naik MHSc P, Ueland PhD VI. How Elderly Residents in Nursing Homes Handle Loneliness-From the Nurses' Perspective. SAGE Open Nurs 2020; 6:2377960820980361. [PMID: 33912665 PMCID: PMC8047972 DOI: 10.1177/2377960820980361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Elderly people who leave their home environment and move to a
nursing home enter a phase in life with diminishing contact with
family and friends. This situation often results in a feeling of
loneliness with a concomitant deterioration in physical and
mental health. By exploring the topic through the lens of the
nurses, this study takes a novel approach to address an
under-researched area in the nursing field. Objective The objective of the study was to identify, based on the nurses’
experience, how elderly residents handle loneliness in the
nursing home. Methods This study used a qualitative explorative approach with data
collected through two focus group interviews with nine nurses at
two elderly care facilities in Norway. The resulting transcripts
were examined using an approach based on inductive content
analysis. Results Three main categories emerged as crucial to help lonely nursing
home residents cope with day-to-day life: (i) maintaining ties
to one’s earlier life; (ii) engaging in recreational pursuits;
and (iii) building new networks. Conclusion Analysing the findings based on sense of coherence (SOC) and
person-centred care (PCC) theories illustrates the importance of
maintaining a connection with both family and friends. To that
point, having access to familiar objects from their earlier life
seemingly provides meaning to the residents by bridging the past
and the present. Recreational activities, ideally adapted to
each person’s needs and ability, have a positive impact by
providing structure and meaning that help overtake feelings of
loneliness. Building a new network with fellow residents and
staff imparts a sense of meaningful community belonging and
projects both dignity and self-worth.
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Atypical frontal midline theta activity during cognitive control in heroin addicts. Neuroreport 2020; 30:852-855. [PMID: 31283705 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in cognitive control has been proposed as a core issue in addictive behavior, and recent advancements in cognitive neuroscience have suggested that frontal midline theta is a mechanism for cognitive control. This study examined frontal midline theta deficits in patients with heroin dependence during a Go/No-go task which explicitly involved cognitive control. Electroencephalography readings were collected from 15 male heroin addicts and 17 demographically matched healthy controls during an equal probability Go/No-go task. The findings revealed that heroin addicts responded significantly slower to the Go stimulus as compared to the healthy control. Heroin addicts also showed less frontal midline theta modulations between the Go and No-go conditions. These findings provided further evidence toward understanding the nature of drug addiction-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Nouchi R, Kobayashi A, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Newly Developed TV-Based Cognitive Training Games Improve Car Driving Skills, Cognitive Functions, and Mood in Healthy Older Adults: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:99. [PMID: 31133842 PMCID: PMC6513888 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive training in a laboratory improves car driving skills of older car drivers. However, it remains unclear whether other types of cognitive training at home have beneficial effects on driving skills. Using our developed cognitive training games that can be played on a television with a set-top box in a person's home, we investigated the effects of a 6-week cognitive training program on driving skills, which included on-road evaluation (primary outcome), and cognitive functions and emotional states (secondary outcome) in older people. Methods: In this double-blinded randomized control trial (RCT), 60 older licensed drivers were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: a cognitive training game for car driving (CTCD) group and an active control cognitive training game (ACT) group. Participants in the CTCD group played the CTCD (processing speed, dual attention, and speed prediction) for 20 min in five sessions per week for 6 weeks. Participants in the ACT group played the ACT (selecting the larger number; selecting a number from largest to smallest; play a game of rock, article, scissors) for 20 min in five sessions per week for 6 weeks. We measured driving skills, various cognitive functions, and emotional states before and after the 6-week intervention period. Results: Our main results showed that compared to the ACT group, the CTCD group demonstrated improved driving skills (adjusted p = 0.034). Moreover, the CTCD group demonstrated improved inhibition (stroop, adjusted p = 0.042: reverse Stroop, adjusted p = 0.043) and processing speed performance symbol search (SS), adjusted p = 0.049; digit symbol coding (adjusted p = 0.047), compared to the ACT group. The CTCD group scored higher on vigor-activity mood (adjusted p = 0.041) as measured using the Profile of Mood State. Discussion: This randomized controlled trial provides scientific evidence for the benefits of the 6-week CTCD program on driving skills and cognitive functions, such as processing speed, inhibition, and vigor-activity mood, in healthy older people. Our results suggest that cognitive training is useful to improve the driving skills of older adults. Trial registration: This trial was registered at The University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000029769). Registered 31 October 2017, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000034010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Nouchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract
Most studies examining the neural underpinnings of music listening have no specific instruction on how to process the presented musical pieces. In this study, we explicitly manipulated the participants' focus of attention while they listened to the musical pieces. We used an ecologically valid experimental setting by presenting the musical stimuli simultaneously with naturalistic film sequences. In one condition, the participants were instructed to focus their attention on the musical piece (attentive listening), whereas in the second condition, the participants directed their attention to the film sequence (passive listening). We used two instrumental musical pieces: an electronic pop song, which was a major hit at the time of testing, and a classical musical piece. During music presentation, we measured electroencephalographic oscillations and responses from the autonomic nervous system (heart rate and high-frequency heart rate variability). During passive listening to the pop song, we found strong event-related synchronizations in all analyzed frequency bands (theta, lower alpha, upper alpha, lower beta, and upper beta). The neurophysiological responses during attentive listening to the pop song were similar to those of the classical musical piece during both listening conditions. Thus, the focus of attention had a strong influence on the neurophysiological responses to the pop song, but not on the responses to the classical musical piece. The electroencephalographic responses during passive listening to the pop song are interpreted as a neurophysiological and psychological state typically observed when the participants are 'drawn into the music'.
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Eramudugolla R, Kiely KM, Chopra S, Anstey KJ. Effect of Speed of Processing Training on Older Driver Screening Measures. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:338. [PMID: 29089888 PMCID: PMC5651014 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Computerized training for cognitive enhancement is of great public interest, however, there is inconsistent evidence for the transfer of training gains to every day activity. Several large trials have focused on speed of processing (SOP) training with some promising findings for long-term effects on daily activity, but no immediate transfer to other cognitive tests. Here, we examine the transfer of SOP training gains to cognitive measures that are known predictors of driving safety in older adults. Methods: Fifty-three adults aged 65-87 years who were current drivers participated in a two group non-randomized design with repeated measures and a no-contact matched control group. The Intervention group completed an average of 7.9 (SD = 3.0) hours of self-administered online SOP training at home. Control group was matched on age, gender and test-re-test interval. Measures included the Useful Field of View (UFOV) test, a Hazard Perception test, choice reaction time (Cars RT), Trail Making Test B, a Maze test, visual motion threshold, as well as road craft and road knowledge tests. Results: Speed of processing training resulted in significant improvement in processing speed on the UFOV test relative to controls, with an average change of -45.8 ms (SE = 14.5), and effect size of ω2 = 0.21. Performance on the Maze test also improved, but significant slowing on the Hazard Perception test was observed after SOP training. Training effects on the UFOV task was associated with similar effects on the Cars RT, but not the Hazard Perception and Maze tests, suggesting transfer to some but not all driving related measures. There were no effects of training on any of the other measures examined. Conclusion: Speed of processing training effects on the UFOV task can be achieved with self-administered, online training at home, with some transfer to other cognitive tests. However, differential effects of training may be observed for tasks requiring goal-directed search strategies rather than diffuse attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranmalee Eramudugolla
- Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | - Kaarin J. Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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