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Zhao FY, Spencer SJ, Kennedy GA, Zheng Z, Conduit R, Zhang WJ, Xu P, Yue LP, Wang YM, Xu Y, Fu QQ, Ho YS. Acupuncture for primary insomnia: Effectiveness, safety, mechanisms and recommendations for clinical practice. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 74:101892. [PMID: 38232645 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Primary insomnia (PI) is an increasing concern in modern society. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia is the first-line recommendation, yet limited availability and cost impede its widespread use. While hypnotics are frequently used, balancing their benefits against the risk of adverse events poses challenges. This review summarizes the clinical and preclinical evidence of acupuncture as a treatment for PI, discussing its potential mechanisms and role in reliving insomnia. Clinical trials show that acupuncture improves subjective sleep quality, fatigue, cognitive impairments, and emotional symptoms with minimal adverse events. It also positively impacts objective sleep processes, including prolonging total sleep time, improving sleep efficiency, reducing sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset, and enhancing sleep architecture/structure, including increasing N3% and REM%, and decreasing N1%. However, methodological shortcomings in some trials diminish the overall quality of evidence. Animal studies suggest that acupuncture restores circadian rhythms in sleep-deprived rodents and improves their performance in behavioral tests, possibly mediated by various clinical variables and pathways. These may involve neurotransmitters, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, inflammatory cytokines, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, gut microbiota, and other cellular events. While the existing findings support acupuncture as a promising therapeutic strategy for PI, additional high-quality trials are required to validate its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yi Zhao
- Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, 201209, China; Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Russell Conduit
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Peijie Xu
- School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Li-Ping Yue
- Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, 201209, China.
| | - Qiang-Qiang Fu
- Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Ahn E, Baek Y, Park JE, Lee S, Jin HJ. Elevated prevalence and treatment of sleep disorders from 2011 to 2020: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study in Korea. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075809. [PMID: 38309764 PMCID: PMC10840067 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study used National Health Insurance claims data from Korea to report the prevalence of sleep disorders and treatment status, including traditional Korean medicine, in the last 10 years. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study in Korea. All diagnosis and prescription data, including herbal medicine claims, from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2011 to 2020 were reviewed. Prevalence estimation, direct medical expenses and prescribed amounts for sleep disorders were recorded. RESULTS The prevalence of sleep disorders increased from 3 867 975 (7.62%) in 2011 to 7 446 846 (14.41%) in 2020, nearly doubling over 10 years. Insomnia was observed in 91.44% (n=9 011 692) of the patients. The mean number of hospital visits per patient for sleep disorders was 11.5 (±26.62). Benzodiazepines are the most commonly prescribed medications for sleep disorders, and gamma-isoyosan is the most frequently prescribed herbal medicine. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disorders are continuously increasing, as is the use of medical services-personal and social medical expenses are also increasing accordingly. Sleep disorders should be recognised as a significant health problem that needs to be actively addressed to improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoung Ahn
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Younghwa Baek
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Siwoo Lee
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hee-Jeong Jin
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
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Jiao H, Ding R, Jin P, Wang J, Xu J, Tian W. Knowledge Mapping of International Research on Acupuncture for Chronic Pain: A Bibliometric Analysis. J Pain Res 2022; 15:3711-3728. [PMID: 36484061 PMCID: PMC9726218 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s392796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the wide acceptance of acupuncture, many papers and guidelines recommend that acupuncture is effective for chronic pain (CP). In this study, we applied bibliometric methods to analyze the current research situation of acupuncture intervention in CP, to gain insight into the current situation and future development trend of this field. MATERIAL AND METHODS Science Citation Index Expanded was searched for publications related to acupuncture for CP between 1900 and 2022. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Thomson Data Analyzer were used to analyze the annual publication, authors and cited authors and their countries (regions) and institutions, journals and cited journals, cited references, co-occurrence keywords, burst keywords, and the relevant centrality. RESULTS A total of 1968 papers were retrieved, the annual publications have shown a rapid growth trend in the recent 20 years. The USA (708) and the Kyung Hee University (31) were the most productive country and institution, respectively, while the USA (0.37) and University of Maryland (0.13) had the highest centrality. MacPherson, Hugh published the most papers in this field (29), and Vickers, A J were the most influential author (289 times cited). Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine was the most productive journal (92), whereas PAIN was the most influential one (4743 times cited). Breivik, H's (2006) paper had the most citation count (3025), while Furlan's (2005) paper had the highest centrality (0.23). The research focuses in this field mainly include pain, electroacupuncture, Low back pain, Systematic review, Randomized controlled trial etc. Researchers are currently paying more attention to the psychological problems caused by CP. CONCLUSION The research of acupuncture for CP will be further expanded. International cooperation of this research field needs to be further strengthened. More high-quality designed trials need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguan Jiao
- School of Information Engineering, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Ding
- School of Health Preservation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pukai Jin
- Department of Radiology, Inova Mount Vernon Hospital, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Junwen Wang
- Institute of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Information Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
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Lee JE, Jung IC, Lee SY, Lim JH, Kim BK, Cho E. The Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Gamiguibi-Tang versus Hwangryunhaedok-Tang for Patients with Insomnia Disorder Based on a Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112157. [PMID: 36360498 PMCID: PMC9690131 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Insomnia is associated with poor quality of life and loss of productivity, and is a significant economic burden on society. Gamiguibi-tang (GGBT) is the most frequently prescribed herbal medicine for insomnia treatment. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT) is used as an insured herbal medicine for insomnia in the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) system. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of GGBT versus HHT in patients with insomnia disorders based on clinical trial data; (2) Methods: The EuroQol five-dimension scale (EQ-5D) was used to estimate quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). Direct and non-direct medical costs and lost productivity costs were estimated. The cost-effectiveness of GGBT was compared with HHT treatments over six weeks from a societal perspective; (3) Results: A total of 81 patients who underwent GGBT (n = 56) and HHT (n = 25) treatment completed the clinical trial. The EQ-5D score improved significantly more in the GGBT than in the HHT group (0.02 vs. −0.03, p < 0.05). The QALYs for six weeks were slightly greater in GGBT (0.0997) than in the HHT group (0.0987); however, the total costs incurred were approximately 9% less in GGBT ($934) than in the HHT group ($1029). GGBT was found to be a more economically dominant treatment option compared to HHT for treating insomnia; (4) Conclusions: Among herbal medicines, GGBT may be a cost-effective option for treating insomnia from a societal perspective in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - In-Chul Jung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Lim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Eun Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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Lee JW, Hwang J, Hyun MK. Prevalence and Treatment Patterns of Sleep Disorders in the Under 20 Population: analysis using a national health insurance claims database. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:276-289. [PMID: 36186096 PMCID: PMC9510137 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.3.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Child and adolescent sleep is an important factor for brain and physical development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders in children and adolescents and determine the type of utilization of medical institutions. This study analyzed the prevalence and type of medical institutions in Korean children and adolescents with sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders. Methods This study used data recorded in the Health Insurance Review and Assessment-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database from 2010 to 2017. Details of medical institution type and patient’s sex, age, and treatment type were extracted for patients younger than 20 years with sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders. Results Among 2,536,478 patients under age 20, we identified 3,772 patients with sleep disorders or nonorganic sleep disorders. From 2010 to 2017, the prevalence of sleep disorders in children and adolescents was 0.07% to 0.09%. The utilization rate of Korean medical institutions was 30.47%. The prevalence of nonorganic sleep disorders and the utilization rate of Korean medical institutions were 0.06% to 0.08% and 45.99%, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders in the under-20 population was 0.14% to 0.16%. More than 70% of patients with nonorganic sleep disorder who were younger than 9 years used Korean medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Won Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseub Hwang
- Department of Statistics, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
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