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Azam M, Sakinah LF, Kartasurya MI, Fibriana AI, Minuljo TT, Aljunid SM. Prevalence and determinants of obesity among individuals with diabetes in Indonesia. F1000Res 2023; 11:1063. [PMID: 37928804 PMCID: PMC10624955 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125549.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM), both individually or simultaneously, increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of obesity among diabetic individuals in Indonesia. Methods: Data were extracted based on 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (Riset Kesehatan Dasar=RISKESDAS). This study involved all individuals with DM and categorized obesity based on body mass index. After data clearing, this study analyzed 3911 DM subjects of the 33.905 subjects acquired from the 2018 RISKESDAS. The study also observed demographic data, diabetes control parameters, history of hypertension, lipid profiles, and food consumption patterns. These variables were involved in a Chi-square test, and related variables were then involved in the Binary logistic regression to define the independent determinants of obesity among DM subjects. Results: Of the 3911 DM subjects included, the study found an obesity prevalence of 32.9%. This study found that female (prevalence odds ratio [POR]=2.15; 95% CI: 1.76-2.62), age 15-44 years (POR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.83-3.33), urban residence (POR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.25-1.77), history of hypertension (POR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.04-1.51), high diastolic blood pressure (POR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.58-2.29), high LDL (POR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.13-1.84), high HDL (POR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.46-0.78, and high triglycerides (POR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.07-1.50) were the risk factor of obesity among DM subjects; while higher education (POR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.53-0.78) and married (POR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.59-0.90) were protective factors of obesity among DM subjects. Conclusions: The study concluded that almost one-third of DM subjects in Indonesia were obese. Female, age, urban residence, education level, history of hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profiles were all associated with obesity among DM subjects in Indonesia. These findings suggest that monitoring and controlling of related determinants is needed to prevent complications caused by the doubled burden of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalul Azam
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50229, Indonesia
| | - Luluk Fadhoh Sakinah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50229, Indonesia
| | - Martha Irene Kartasurya
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Arulita Ika Fibriana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50229, Indonesia
| | - Tania Tedjo Minuljo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50244, Indonesia
| | - Syed Mohamed Aljunid
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, 11311, Kuwait
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Alshwaiyat NM, Ahmad A, Al-Jamal HAN. Effect of diet-induced weight loss on iron status and its markers among young women with overweight/obesity and iron deficiency anemia: a randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1155947. [PMID: 37284649 PMCID: PMC10240069 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1155947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity and iron deficiency are prevalent health problems that affect billions of people all over the world. Obesity is postulated to relate to iron deficiency via reduced intestinal iron absorption due to increased serum hepcidin level, which is mediated by chronic inflammation. Weight loss in individuals with overweight or obesity and iron deficiency anemia is believed to be associated with an improvement in iron status however the evidence from clinical trials is scarce. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of diet-induced weight loss on iron status and its markers among young women with overweight/obesity and iron deficiency anemia. Methods The study design was a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms (weight loss intervention vs control). Study participants were recruited using the convenience sampling method through public advertisements posted and disseminated through social media. Interested and potential participants were asked to visit the Diet Clinic for eligibility screening. A total of 62 women were recruited and randomized into weight loss intervention and control group. The intervention duration was three months. The intervention group received individual consultation sessions with the dietitian and tailored energy-restricted diets. Physical activity levels, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and clinical markers were measured at baseline and end of the trial. Results There was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in body weight of the intervention group (-7.4 ± 2.7 kg) that was associated with significant improvements in iron status and its markers (p < 0.01). The intervention group experienced a significant increase in hemoglobin (0.5 ± 0.6 g/dL), serum ferritin (5.6 ± 5.8 ng/mL), and serum iron (13.0 ± 16.2 µg/dL), and a significant decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-5.2 ± 5.6 mg/L), and serum hepcidin level (-1.9 ± 2.2 ng/mL) at the end of the trial. Conclusion Our findings indicate that diet-induced weight loss among participants was associated with an improvement in iron status and its related clinical markers. Clinical Trial Registration [https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20221009001], identifier [TCTR20221009001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Mohammad Alshwaiyat
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aryati Ahmad
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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AlTamimi JZ, AlFaris NA, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlKehayez NM, Alsemari MA, Alagal RI. Prevalence of fast-food intake among a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and connection with sociodemographic factors and obesity. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33555. [PMID: 37058044 PMCID: PMC10101309 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults are increasingly eating fast-food, which is connected to adverse health outcomes such as obesity and chronic diseases. This work was carried out to study the prevalence of fast-food intake among a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and its connection with sociodemographic factors and obesity. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1800 middle-aged men from Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to assess participants fast-food intake frequency. Fast-food was consumed weekly by 87.8% of participants and daily by 45.6% of participants. The nationality of participants was determined as a predictor of fast-food intake. The highest and lowest prevalence of weekly fast-food intake was reported among Turkish (99.6%) and Sudanese (48.3%) participants. The highest and lowest daily intake rates were reported among participants from the Philippines (85.9%) and Bangladesh (10.0%). Another factor predicting fast-food intake was obesity. Obese participants had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of weekly (OR = 5.83, P <.001) and daily (OR = 1.93, P <.001) fast-food intake than non-overweight/nonobese participants. Fast-food intake was prevalent among middle-aged men who reside in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results connect fast-food intake with nationality and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem M. Alshwaiyat
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nora M. AlKehayez
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A. Alsemari
- Department of Medical Imaging – MRI, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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AlTamimi JZ, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlKehayez NM, Alagal RI, Alsaikan RA, Alsemari MA, BinMowyna MN, AlFaris NA. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption in a Multi-Ethnic Population of Young Men and Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4861. [PMID: 36981770 PMCID: PMC10049135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages are frequently consumed among adults and are linked with the incidence of obesity. We aimed to determine rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake in a multi-ethnic population of young men and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and obesity. This cross-sectional study included 3600 young men who lived in Riyadh, KSA. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were gathered through personal interviews. The outcome variables in this study are based on the weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Weight and height were measured following standard protocols. The rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake by participants were 93.6% and 40.8%, respectively. Nationality was a predictor of weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. The highest rates of weekly (99.5%) and daily (63.9%) consumption were observed in subjects from the Philippines and Yemen, respectively, while Bangladeshi subjects had the lowest rates of weekly (76.9%) and daily (6.9%) consumption. Obesity was another predictor of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Obese participants had a significantly higher odds ratio of weekly sugar-sweetened beverage consumption than non-obese subjects (OR = 4.53, p = 0.037). In conclusion, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was relatively high and our results support an association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and certain sociodemographic variables and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (J.Z.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Naseem M. Alshwaiyat
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Nora M. AlKehayez
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (J.Z.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.I.A.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Reem A. Alsaikan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.I.A.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Malak A. Alsemari
- Department of Medical Imaging—MRI, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (J.Z.A.); (N.M.A.)
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AlTamimi JZ, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlFaris NA, AlKehayez NM, Alsemari MA, Alagal RI. Prevalence of Fast Food Intake among a Multi-Ethnic Population of Young Men and Its Connection with Sociodemographic Determinants and Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214933. [PMID: 36429650 PMCID: PMC9690178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fast food is commonly consumed by young adults. Eating fast food is connected with the risk of obesity and other related diseases. The present study examines the prevalence of fast food intake in a diverse sample of young men. This cross-sectional study included 3600 young men (20-35 years) who resided in Riyadh, KSA. The frequency of fast food intake was assessed using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Weekly and daily intake of fast food were the two outcome variables adopted to assess the intake frequency. Weight and height were measured. Fast food was eaten by 88.8% and 50.1% of participants weekly and daily, respectively. Fast food intake was predicted by the nationality of participants. The highest prevalence of weekly fast food intake (99.7%) was observed among Saudi, Egyptian, and Indian participants, while the lowest rate was observed among Sudanese participants (48.6%). The highest and lowest rates of daily intake were seen among Filipino (83.4%) and Bangladeshi (6.3%) participants. Obesity was another predictor of fast food intake. Obese participants had a significantly higher odds ratio of weekly (OR = 2.89, p = 0.006) and daily (OR = 1.39, p = 0.021) fast food intake than non-overweight/non-obese participants. In conclusion, fast food is frequently consumed by young men in KSA. Our findings link the likelihood of fast food intake to sociodemographic determinants and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem M. Alshwaiyat
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora M. AlKehayez
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A. Alsemari
- Department of Medical Imaging—MRI, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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AlFaris NA, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlTamimi JZ, Alagal RI, Alsaikan RA, Alsemari MA, BinMowyna MN, AlKehayez NM. Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and association with sociodemographic variables and obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987048. [PMID: 36110403 PMCID: PMC9468762 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adults frequently consume sugar-sweetened beverages. These products are linked to negative health effects such as obesity. Our study was carried out to assess rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and association with sociodemographic variables and obesity. Methods A sum of 1,800 middle-aged men (36–59 years) living in Riyadh, KSA, participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic variables and the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption were gathered from participants using face to face interviews. Weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were the two binary outcome variables applied in this research. Weight and height were measured following standard procedures. Results In this study, 93.8 and 32.6% of participants consumed sugar-sweetened beverages weekly and daily, respectively. The weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverages consumption was predicted by nationality. Subjects from Pakistan (99.3%) and Yemen (60.0%) reported the greatest rates of weekly and daily consumption, respectively, while Bangladeshi and Sudanese subjects reported the lowest rates of weekly (87%) and daily (2.9%) consumption, respectively. Another factor that predicted weekly sugar-sweetened beverages consumption was obesity. Obese subjects had a significantly greater odds ratio of weekly sugar-sweetened beverages intake than non-obese individuals (OR = 3.80, P = 0.003). Conclusion Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is common among middle-aged men who live in KSA. Results show connecting sugar-sweetened beverages intake with specific sociodemographic variables and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A. AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem M. Alshwaiyat
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jozaa Z. AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem A. Alsaikan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A. Alsemari
- Department of Medical Imaging – MRI, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora M. AlKehayez
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Nora M. AlKehayez
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