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Chen H, Liu C, Wu K, Liu CY, Chiou WK. The effects of loving-kindness meditation on doctors' communication anxiety, trust, calling and defensive medicine practice. Biopsychosoc Med 2024; 18:11. [PMID: 38730309 PMCID: PMC11088149 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-024-00307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated the effects of loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on doctors' communication anxiety, trust, calling, and defensive medicine practice. METHODS This study recruited 94 doctors from a hospital in China, randomized them to an LKM group (n = 47), and waited for the control group (n = 47). The experimental group accepted an 8-week LKM interference while the waiting for the control group underwent no interference. Researchers measured four major variable factors (communication anxiety, trust, calling, and defensive medicine practice) before and after the LKM intervention. RESULTS In the experimental group, trust, and calling were significantly higher, and communication anxiety, and defensive medicine practice were significantly lower than in the control group. In the control group, there were no noticeable differences in any of the four variables between the pre-test and post-test. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that LKM may help to improve trust, and calling, and reduce communication anxiety and defensive medicine practice. The finding of LKM's effect extends the understanding of the integrative effects of positive psychology on the decrease of defensive medicine practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR2300074568. Registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), 9 August, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Film Television & Communication, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Hua Qiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kan Wu
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Wang R, Gu X, Zhang Y, Luo K, Zeng X. Loving-kindness and compassion meditations in the workplace: A meta-analysis and future prospects. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3273. [PMID: 37221984 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Loving-kindness and compassion meditation (LKCM) have been well applied among employees to improve their health and well-being. Existing studies on LKCM have also provided supportive evidence of its benefits and effectiveness under organizational contexts. The current meta-analytical study aimed to systematically summarise the effects of LKCM in the workplace and to outline directions for future research and practice. Among 327 empirical studies on LKCM published until March 2022, 21 trials focussed on employees and provided sufficient information, which were included in the following meta-analysis. The results showed that LKCM benefited eight categories of workplace outcomes. Specifically, LKCM effectively decreased employees' burnout (g = 0.395, k = 10) and stress (g = 0.544, k = 10) and facilitated their mindfulness (g = 0.558, k = 14), self-compassion (g = 0.646, k = 12), personal mental health (g = 0.308, k = 13), job attitudes (g = 0.283, k = 4), interpersonal relationships (g = 0.381, k = 12), and psychological resources (g = 0.406, k = 6). The results of moderation analyses further indicated that the participants' job type, gender, and the focus of LKCM might differentially fluctuate the magnitude of LKCM effects. To advance research and best practice, we finally pointed out several issues that deserve attention, such as long-term effects, underlying mechanisms, potential moderators, and outcomes or influential factors at the organizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kangzhou Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglong Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Chen H, Liu C, Zhang A, Lu WQ, Wu K, Chiou WK. How flow and mindfulness interact with each other in mindfulness-based augmented reality mandala coloring activities. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1301531. [PMID: 38259530 PMCID: PMC10801900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1301531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explores the effects of different types of augmented reality (AR) mandala coloring activities on mindfulness and flow in college students. Methods A total of 76 college students participated in the study and were divided into two groups based on their drawing skills: the high-skilled group (n = 38) and the low-skilled group (n = 38). With the help of AR technology, two groups of subjects carried out three mandala coloring experiments with structured mandala, free mandala and cooperative mandala in order. The measurement evaluation in the experimental program included a pre-test before all the experiments (Time 0) and each post-test after three mandala coloring activities (Time 1, Time 2 and Time 3). The balance dimensions of flow and challenge skills of the two groups were measured. Results ANOVA results showed that a single 30-min short-term datura coloring activity did not significantly improve mindfulness (f = 2.339, p = 0.074, η2 = 0.031), but did significantly improve flow (f = 11.918, p = < 0.001, η2 = 0.139). Linear regression results found positive correlations between mindfulness and certain dimensions of flow (e.g., focus on a task, unambiguous feedback, sense of control, challenge -- skill balance, and automatic experience). Mindfulness was also found to be negatively correlated with the loss of the self-conscious component of flow. We also found that the free mandala was quite challenging for subjects in the low-skill group, while the teamwork in the cooperative mandala helped them overcome difficulties and cope with challenges. Discussion Flow can be quickly and effectively improved through short AR mandala coloring exercises. The contribution of this study is to provide inspiration and reference for further exploring how AR mandola coloring can improve subjects' mental state and promote the perfection and development of positive psychological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Film Television & Communication, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao Liu
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ayuan Zhang
- Teachers College, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Qian Lu
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kan Wu
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Liu C, Chen H, Zhang A, Gong X, Wu K, Liu CY, Chiou WK. The effects of short video app-guided loving-kindness meditation on college students' mindfulness, self-compassion, positive psychological capital, and suicide ideation. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2023; 36:32. [PMID: 37902928 PMCID: PMC10616025 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated the effects of a short video app guided loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on college students' mindfulness, self-compassion, positive psychological capital, and suicide ideation. The purpose of the study is to investigate the intervention effect of LKM training on suicidal ideation among college students with the help of the short video application and to provide an empirical basis for the exploration of early suicide intervention strategies for college students. METHODS We recruited 80 college students from a university in China. The final 74 eligible participants were divided into two groups: app use group (n = 37) and the control group (n = 37). The app group accepted an 8-week app use interference, while the control group underwent no interference. We measured four major variable factors (mindfulness, self-compassion, positive psychological capital, and suicide ideation) before and after the app use intervention. RESULTS In the app group, self-compassion and positive psychological capital were significantly higher, and suicide ideation was significantly lower than the control group. In the control group, there were no noticeable differences in any of the four variables between the pre-test and post-test. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the short video app guided LKM may help to improve self-compassion, and positive psychological capital, and reduce suicide ideation. The finding of the short video app-guided LKM's effect extends our understanding of the integrative effects of positive psychology and digital media on the reduction of suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Hua Qiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chen
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- School of Film Television & Communication, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Ayuan Zhang
- Teachers College, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - XiaoGang Gong
- College of Special Education, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kan Wu
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Kuang TY, Hu Y, Lu Y. The effect of employee mindfulness in the new media industry on innovative behavior: The chain mediating role of positive emotion and work engagement. Front Psychol 2022; 13:976504. [PMID: 36452390 PMCID: PMC9702532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.976504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness has long been concerned and emphasized by scholars in the field of psychology, but there is still a lack of research on mindfulness in management in China. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 483 employees in the new media industry in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hangzhou, China. After modeling and analysis, it was found that employee mindfulness has a positive influence on innovative behavior. Employee mindfulness and innovative behavior are mediated by positive emotions. Employee mindfulness and innovative behavior are mediated by work engagement. Employee mindfulness and innovative behavior are mediated by a chain of positive emotions and work engagement. Enterprise managers should improve the level of mindfulness of employees in the new media industry through mindfulness training and courses for mindfulness training, create an organizational environment that can arouse positive emotions and improve the positive emotions of employees, pay attention to arousing the enthusiasm of the staff, and promote the innovative behavior of staff while enhancing work engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yue Kuang
- Faculty of Business, City University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute for Research on Portuguese-Speaking Countries (IROPC), City University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute for Research on Portuguese-Speaking Countries (IROPC), City University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Liu C, Chen H, Zhou F, Long Q, Wu K, Lo LM, Hung TH, Liu CY, Chiou WK. Positive intervention effect of mobile health application based on mindfulness and social support theory on postpartum depression symptoms of puerperae. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:413. [PMID: 36217135 PMCID: PMC9549653 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of mobile health application designed based on mindfulness and social support theory on parenting self-efficacy and postpartum depression symptoms of puerperae. METHODS We recruited 130 puerperae from a hospital in China and randomized them to an App use group (n = 65) and a waiting control group (n = 65). The App group underwent an 8-week app use intervention while the control group underwent no intervention. We measured four main variables (mindfulness, perceived social support, maternal parental self-efficacy and postpartum depressive symptoms) before and after the App use intervention. RESULTS In the App group, perceived social support, maternal parental self-efficacy were significantly higher and postpartum depressive symptoms was significantly lower. In the control group, there were no significant differences in any of the four variables between the pre-test and post-test. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the mobile health application may help to improve perceived social support, maternal self-efficacy and reduce postpartum depressive symptoms. The finding of the mobile health application's effect extends our understanding of integrative effects of mindfulness and perceived social support on reduction of postpartum depressive symptoms and suggests clinical potentials in the treatment of postpartum depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- grid.495500.d0000 0004 1762 5592School of Journalism and Communication, Hua Qiao University, School of Film and Communication, Xiamen University of Technology, Department of Economic and Management, Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology, Xiamen, 361021 China ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Director of Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Hao Chen
- grid.495500.d0000 0004 1762 5592School of Journalism and Communication, Hua Qiao University, School of Film and Communication, Xiamen University of Technology, Department of Economic and Management, Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology, Xiamen, 361021 China ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Director of Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Fang Zhou
- grid.495500.d0000 0004 1762 5592School of Journalism and Communication, Hua Qiao University, School of Film and Communication, Xiamen University of Technology, Department of Economic and Management, Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Qiqi Long
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090 China
| | - Kan Wu
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Director of Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan ,grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ming Lo
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10507 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10507 Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan ,grid.440372.60000 0004 1798 0973Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, 24301 Taiwan
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Gu C, Liu S, Chen S. The effect of trait mindfulness on social media rumination: Upward social comparison as a moderated mediator. Front Psychol 2022; 13:931572. [PMID: 36267062 PMCID: PMC9577495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media rumination means that social media users are inclined to worry about their posts, relevant situational elements, and ramifications of the posts on a regular basis, and it is one of the main reasons why people's use of social media is linked to unfavorable mental health and interpersonal results. Rumination is antagonistic to mindfulness, which entails paying attention on purpose and without judgment, and mindfulness appears to be useful in reducing rumination. However, in the context of social media, the nature of the relationship between rumination and mindfulness has gained less attention. The current research study indicates that trait mindfulness, upward social comparison (USC), and self-esteem are implicated in social media rumination (SMR). However, no research study has synthesized the findings into one model. Therefore, the current research study aims to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and SMR, the mediating effect of USC, and the moderating effect of self-esteem. The model was tested using AMOS and the PROCESS macro in SPSS with bootstrapping. According to the findings, SC appears to have a moderated mediator effect on the relationship between trait mindfulness and SMR. Specifically, individuals with high mindfulness trait do not necessarily have less USC. Self-esteem moderated the above mediation. The beneficial effect of trait mindfulness on social media rumination is explained in depth in this study.
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Wong G, Sun R, Adler J, Yeung KW, Yu S, Gao J. Loving-kindness meditation (LKM) modulates brain-heart connection: An EEG case study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:891377. [PMID: 36118979 PMCID: PMC9477156 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.891377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM) is an efficient mental practice with a long history that has recently attracted interest in the fields of neuroscience, medicine and education. However, the neural characters and underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully illustrated, which has hindered its practical usefulness. This study aimed to investigate LKM from varied aspects and interactions between the brain, the heart, and psychological measurements. A Buddhist monk practitioner was recruited to complete one 10-min LKM practice, in between two 10-min resting tasks (pre- and post-resting) per experimental run. Two sets of single-channel wearable EEG devices were used to collect EEG data (placed at Fz and Pz) and heart rate simultaneously. A self-report evaluation was conducted to repeatedly record the comprehensive performance of mind and body in each session. EEG data were preprossessed and analyzed by EEGlab. Further statistics were made by SPSS. Spectrum analysis showed a significant increase of theta power (Fz: t = −3.356; p = 0.002; Pz: t = −5.199; p < 0.001) and decrease of heart rate between pre- and post-resting tasks (t = 4.092, p < 0.001). The analysis showed a negative correlation between theta power and heart rate (Fz: r = −0.681, p < 0.001; Pz: r = −0.384, p = 0.008), and a positive correlation between theta power and the self-designed report score (Fz: r = 0.601, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that LKM is accompanied by significant neurophysiological changes, mainly an increase in slower frequencies, such as theta, and a decrease in heart rate. More importantly, subjective psychological assessments were also correlated with objective neurophysiological measurements in a long-term meditator participant. During LKM meditation, this connection was stronger. The results of this case report have promising implications for LKM practice in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- GoonFui Wong
- Neuroscience for Education Laboratory, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Neuroscience for Education Laboratory, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jordana Adler
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute at Shasta (IRIS), Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Kwok Wah Yeung
- The Buddha Dharma Centre of Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Song Yu
- Shenzhen EEGSmart Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Buddhism and Science Research Laboratory, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Junling Gao
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Liu C, Chen H, Zhou F, Chiang CH, Chen YL, Wu K, Huang DH, Liu CY, Chiou WK. Effects of animated pedagogical agent-guided loving-kindness meditation on flight attendants’ spirituality, mindfulness, subjective wellbeing, and social presence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:894220. [PMID: 35992420 PMCID: PMC9382197 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loving-kindness meditation (LKM) was first practiced by Buddhists and then developed by clinical psychologist. Previous studies on LKM have mainly focused on the impact of real person-guided meditation on depression, anxiety, and other negative psychology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this study explored the effect and mechanism of media-guided LKM on the improvement of social presence, mindfulness, spirituality, and subjective wellbeing (SWB). From the viewpoint of positive psychology, this study compared the different media effects of animated pedagogical agent (APA)-guided LKM and audio-guided LKM. A total of 82 flight attendants were recruited from airlines; then, they were randomly assigned to two groups: APA group (41 participants) and audio group (41 participants), which both underwent an 8-week LKM training intervention. The aforementioned four main variables were measured pre and post the meditation experiment. The results indicated that both APA-guided meditation and audio-guided meditation significantly improved subjects’ spirituality and SWB. Compared with audio-guided meditation, APA-guided meditation significantly improved the subjects’ spirituality, SWB, and social presence. Audio-guided meditation has no significant effect on social presence. This study highlights APA-guided meditation has a positive effect on spirituality, SWB, and social presence, which may provide individuals with a simple and easy method to improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chen
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Film Television and Communication, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Economic and Management, Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao-Hung Chiang
- Department of Shipping and Transportation Management, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kan Wu
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Hau Huang
- Institute of Creative Design and Management, National Taipei University of Business, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wen-Ko Chiou,
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Ngan STJ, Cheng PWC. Classification of Mindfulness Meditation and Its Impact on Neural Measures in the Clinical Population. Front Psychol 2022; 13:891004. [PMID: 35756322 PMCID: PMC9226608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different forms of mindfulness meditation are increasingly integrated in the clinical practice in the last three decades. Previous studies have identified changes in the neurophysiology and neurochemistry of the brain resulting from different mindfulness meditation practices in the general population. However, research on neural correlates of different types of meditation, particularly on the clinical outcomes, is still very sparse. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the neural impact of mindfulness meditation interventions on different mental disorders via the classification of main components of mindfulness meditation. The clearer classification of mindfulness meditation may inform future clinical practice and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Ting Joanna Ngan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Wing Calvin Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Liu C, Chen H, Liang YC, Hsu SE, Huang DH, Liu CY, Chiou WK. The effect of loving-kindness meditation on employees’ mindfulness, affect, altruism and knowledge hiding. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:138. [PMID: 35644623 PMCID: PMC9150317 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effects of the loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on employees’ mindfulness, affect, altruism and knowledge hiding. Methods In total, 100 employees were recruited from a knowledge-based enterprise in China and randomly divided into the LKM training group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 50). The LKM training group underwent LKM training for 8 weeks, while the control group did not. Seven main variables (mindfulness, altruism positive affect, negative affect, playing dumb, rationalized hiding, and evasive hiding) were measured both before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the LKM training intervention. Results The LKM intervention significantly increased participants’ altruism, and significantly reduced negative affect, playing dumb and evasive hiding, but did not significantly improve mindfulness, positive affect, and rationalized hiding. Conclusions LKM significantly improved employees’ altruism, and significantly reduce their negative affect, but did not significantly improve their mindfulness and positive affect. For knowledge hiding, LKM significantly reduced playing dumb and evasive hiding, but had no significant effect on rationalized hiding. These results further elucidate the psychological effects of LKM and suggest the possibility of reducing knowledge hiding in the workplace. Trial registration ChiCTR2200057460. Registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), 13 March 2022—Retrospectively registered.
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Gu X, Luo W, Zhao X, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Zhou J, Zeng X, Yan L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Lv J, Lang Y, Wang Z, Gao C, Jiang Y, Li R. The effects of loving-kindness and compassion meditation on life satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 14:1081-1101. [PMID: 35532366 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Loving-kindness and compassion meditation (LKCM) was a promising intervention for improving life satisfaction, but previous findings have been inconsistent. The current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis, including 23 empirical studies on LKCM with life satisfaction as an outcome variable. The primary meta-analysis indicated that LKCM significantly enhanced life satisfaction in pre-post design (g = 0.312, k = 15, n = 451), but the significance disappeared in the additional meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (g = 0.106, k = 6, n = 404). Moderator analyses found significant effects for type of control (i.e., the effects of LKCM were inferior to active control group, but superior to waitlist condition), but not for other moderators (i.e., participant type, previous meditation experience, specific protocol, components of LKCM, combination with mindfulness mediation, and intervention length). Narrative review identified self-compassion and positive emotions as important mediators. The practice time of LKCM had indirect but not direct association with life satisfaction. The findings supported that LKCM is promising in increasing life satisfaction, but more studies are needed to investigate the effects with more rigorous designs. Future studies should investigate other potential mechanisms and clarify whether LKCM change the reality or the perception of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglong Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyi Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqi Lang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanchen Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Focused-Attention Meditation Improves Flow, Communication Skills, and Safety Attitudes of Surgeons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095292. [PMID: 35564687 PMCID: PMC9099589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient safety is a worldwide problem and a focus of academic research. Human factors and ergonomics (HFE) is an approach to improving healthcare work systems and processes. From the perspective of the cognitive ergonomics of HFE, the aim of this study is to improve the flow level, communication skills, and safety attitudes of surgeons through focused-attention meditation (FAM) training, thus helping to reduce adverse clinical events. METHODS In total, 140 surgeons were recruited from three hospitals in China and randomly divided into two groups (FAM group and control group). The FAM group received 8 weeks of FAM training, while the control group was on the waiting list and did not receive any interventions. Three scales (WOLF, LCSAS, and SAQ-C) were used to measure the data of three variables (flow, communication skills, and safety attitude), respectively, at two times, before and after the intervention (pre-test and post-test). The incidence of adverse events during the intervention was also collected for both groups. RESULTS The ANOVA results showed that all three variables had a significant main effect of time and significant interactions between time and group. The independent-sample T-test results showed that the incidence of adverse events during the intervention was significantly lower in the FAM group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The intervention of FAM could significantly improve surgeons' flow levels, communication skills, and safety attitudes, potentially helping to reduce adverse clinical events.
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Liu C, Chen H, Cao X, Sun Y, Liu CY, Wu K, Liang YC, Hsu SE, Huang DH, Chiou WK. Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Doctors' Mindfulness, Patient Safety Culture, Patient Safety Competency and Adverse Event. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3282. [PMID: 35328968 PMCID: PMC8954148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of mindfulness meditation on doctors' mindfulness, patient safety culture, patient safety competency, and adverse events. METHODS We recruited 91 doctors from a hospital in China and randomized them to mindfulness meditation group (n = 46) and a waiting control group (n = 45). The mindfulness meditation group underwent an 8-week mindfulness meditation intervention, while the control group underwent no intervention. We measured four main variables (mindfulness, patient safety culture, patient safety competency, and adverse event) before and after the mindfulness meditation intervention. RESULTS In the experimental group, mindfulness, patient safety culture and patient safety competency were significantly higher compared with those of the control group. In the control group, there were no significant differences in any of the three variables between the pre-test and post-test. Adverse events in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The intervention of mindfulness meditation significantly improved the level of mindfulness, patient safety culture and patient safety competency. During the mindfulness meditation intervention, the rate of adverse events in the meditation group was also significantly lower than in the control group. As a simple and effective intervention, mindfulness meditation plays a positive role in improving patient safety and has certain promotional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Hua Qiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.L.); (Y.S.)
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (H.C.); (K.W.)
| | - Hao Chen
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (H.C.); (K.W.)
- School of Film and Communication, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Clinical Neurocognitive Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Yini Sun
- School of Journalism and Communication, Hua Qiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10507, Taiwan;
| | - Kan Wu
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (H.C.); (K.W.)
| | - Yu-Chao Liang
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (S.-E.H.)
| | - Szu-Erh Hsu
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (S.-E.H.)
| | - Ding-Hau Huang
- Institute of Creative Design and Management, National Taipei University of Business, Taoyuan 22058, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10507, Taiwan;
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (S.-E.H.)
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15
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An Integrative Review on the Research Progress of Mindfulness and Its Implications at the Workplace. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness has rapidly become a significant subject area in many disciplines. Most of the work on mindfulness has focused on the perspective of health and healthcare professionals, but relatively less research is focused on the organizational outcomes at the workplace. This review presents a theoretical and practical trajectory of mindfulness by sequential integration of recent fragmented scholarly work on mindfulness at the workplace. The review showcases that most contemporary practical challenges in organizations, such as anxiety, stress, depression, creativity, motivation, leadership, relationships, teamwork, burnout, engagement, performance, well-being, and physical and psychological health, could be addressed successfully with the budding concept of mindfulness. The causative processes due to higher mindfulness that generate positive cognitive, emotional, physiological, and behavioral outcomes include focused attention, present moment awareness, non-judgmental acceptance, self-regulatory functions, lower mind wandering, lower habit automaticity, and self-determination. Employee mindfulness could be developed through various mindfulness interventions in order to improve different organizational requirements, such as psychological capital, emotional intelligence, prosocial behavior, in-role and extra-role performance, financial and economic performance, green performance, and well-being. Accordingly, this review would be beneficial to inspire academia and practitioners on the transformative potential of mindfulness in organizations for higher performance, well-being, and sustainability. Future research opportunities and directions to be addressed are also discussed.
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16
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Chen H, Liu C, Cao X, Hong B, Huang DH, Liu CY, Chiou WK. Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Doctors' Mindfulness, Empathy, and Communication Skills. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084033. [PMID: 33921271 PMCID: PMC8069630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: In the context of increasing doctor–patient tensions in China, the objective of this study was to explore and examine the effects of loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on doctors’ mindfulness, empathy, and communication skills. Methods: A total of 106 doctors were recruited from a hospital in China, and randomly divided into an LKM training group (n = 53) and waiting control group (n = 53). The LKM training group received 8 weeks of LKM training intervention, whereas the control group received no intervention. Three major variables (mindfulness, empathy, and communication skills) were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the LKM training intervention. Results: The empathy and communication skills of the LKM group were significantly improved compared with those of the control group, but the level of mindfulness did not significantly change. Conclusions: The results suggested that LKM may contribute to improving physicians’ empathy and communication skills. However, the mechanisms that underlie the effects of the LKM on mindfulness, empathy, and communication skills and other psychological constructs needs further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (H.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Chao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (H.C.); (C.L.)
- College of Aviation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Clinical Neurocognitive Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Ding-Hau Huang
- Institute of Creative Design and Management, National Taipei University of Business, Taoyuan 22058, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10507, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10507, Taiwan;
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5422)
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17
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Liu C, Chen H, Liu CY, Lin RT, Chiou WK. Cooperative and Individual Mandala Drawing Have Different Effects on Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Subjective Well-Being. Front Psychol 2020; 11:564430. [PMID: 33162908 PMCID: PMC7581735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandala drawing was first practiced by Tibetan buddhists and then developed by Carl Gustav Jung, who felt certain that mandala drawing has the function of integrating psychological division, enhancing psychological harmony, and preserving personality integrity. Previous studies on mandala drawing have mainly focused on alleviating people’s negative emotions, such as anxiety and depression. Therefore, this study explored the effect and mechanism of mandala drawing on the improvement of subjective well-being (SWB), mindfulness, and spirituality from positive psychology’s viewpoint and compared the different effects of cooperative mandala drawing (CMD) and individual mandala drawing (IMD) on mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB. A total of 76 students were recruited from Chang Gung University, and the aforementioned three main variables were measured before and after the coloring experiment. The results indicated that both CMD and IMD significantly enhanced the subjects’ spirituality. Compared with IMD, CMD has a more significant improvement and promotion effect on SWB of subjects by affecting PA, while IMD had no significant effect on PA, and the enhancement effect of SWB was weaker than that of CMD. Mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB all positively correlated with each other. This study highlights the mechanism of mandala drawing and the theoretical understanding of the relationship between mindfulness and SWB. Mandala drawing especially CMD has a positive effect on spirituality and SWB, which may provide individuals with a simple and easy method to improve their happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College of Aviation, Hua Qiao University, Xiamen, China.,Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Tai Lin
- Graduate School of Creative Industry Design, National Taiwan University of Arts, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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The Relationship between Workplace Violence and Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Employee Wellbeing. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8030332. [PMID: 32927711 PMCID: PMC7551499 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been contended that violence is prevalent in the workplace, and there has been increasing research interest into its potential effects. Human interactions at workplaces are apparent. However, the interactions among humans may have positive or negative dimensions. Usually, the positive or negative interactions between workers lead to different outcomes. Sometimes, they lead to a productive working environment; however, in some cases, they lead to toxicity among workers. In this study, we investigate the impact of workplace violence (WV) on innovative work behavior (IWB). Specifically, it examines the impact of the three dimensions of WV, namely, harassment, mobbing, and sabotage. Moreover, employees’ wellbeing mediates the relationship between WV (harassment, mobbing, and sabotage) and IWB. A questionnaire survey approach was used in this study. The target population were the workers of SMEs entrepreneurs located in Guangdong Province (China). The results confirm that, in the direct relationship, WV (harassment, mobbing, and sabotage) has a negative relationship with innovative IWB. Moreover, results also confirm that employee wellbeing is mediated between WV (harassment, mobbing, and sabotage) and IWB. Therefore, the empirical results of this paper identify that workplace violence reduces employees’ innovative work behavior by reducing their subjective and eudemonic wellbeing, which further broadens the perspective of IWB’s motivation analysis. Practical implications for small and medium enterprise organizations have also been discussed in this paper.
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