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Gao H, Liu Q, Wang X, Li T, Li H, Li G, Tan L, Chen Y. Deciphering the role of female reproductive tract microbiome in reproductive health: a review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1351540. [PMID: 38562966 PMCID: PMC10982509 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1351540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Relevant studies increasingly indicate that female reproductive health is confronted with substantial challenges. Emerging research has revealed that the microbiome interacts with the anatomy, histology, and immunity of the female reproductive tract, which are the cornerstone of maintaining female reproductive health and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Currently, the precise mechanisms underlying their interaction and impact on physiological functions of the reproductive tract remain elusive, constituting a prominent area of investigation within the field of female reproductive tract microecology. From this new perspective, we explore the mechanisms of interactions between the microbiome and the anatomy, histology, and immunity of the female reproductive tract, factors that affect the composition of the microbiome in the female reproductive tract, as well as personalized medicine approaches in managing female reproductive tract health based on the microbiome. This study highlights the pivotal role of the female reproductive tract microbiome in maintaining reproductive health and influencing the occurrence of reproductive tract diseases. These findings support the exploration of innovative approaches for the prevention, monitoring and treatment of female reproductive tract diseases based on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qiao Liu
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Center for a Combination of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Genlin Li
- Center for a Combination of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingling Tan
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yahui Chen
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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El-Daly MM. Advances and Challenges in SARS-CoV-2 Detection: A Review of Molecular and Serological Technologies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:519. [PMID: 38472991 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The urgent need for accurate COVID-19 diagnostics has led to the development of various SARS-CoV-2 detection technologies. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) remains a reliable viral gene detection technique, while other molecular methods, including nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) and isothermal amplification techniques, provide diverse and effective approaches. Serological assays, detecting antibodies in response to viral infection, are crucial for disease surveillance. Saliva-based immunoassays show promise for surveillance purposes. The efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection varies, with IgM indicating recent exposure and IgG offering prolonged detectability. Various rapid tests, including lateral-flow immunoassays, present opportunities for quick diagnosis, but their clinical significance requires validation through further studies. Challenges include variations in specificity and sensitivity among testing platforms and evolving assay sensitivities over time. SARS-CoV-2 antigens, particularly the N and S proteins, play a crucial role in diagnostic methods. Innovative approaches, such as nanozyme-based assays and specific nucleotide aptamers, offer enhanced sensitivity and flexibility. In conclusion, ongoing advancements in SARS-CoV-2 detection methods contribute to the global effort in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Xiao X, Liu S, Deng H, Song Y, Zhang L, Song Z. Advances in the oral microbiota and rapid detection of oral infectious diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121737. [PMID: 36814562 PMCID: PMC9939651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the dysregulation of the oral microbiota plays a crucial role in human health conditions, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, other oral infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, bacteremia, and low birth weight. The use of traditional detection methods in conjunction with rapidly advancing molecular techniques in the diagnosis of harmful oral microorganisms has expanded our understanding of the diversity, location, and function of the microbiota associated with health and disease. This review aimed to highlight the latest knowledge in this field, including microbial colonization; the most modern detection methods; and interactions in disease progression. The next decade may achieve the rapid diagnosis and precise treatment of harmful oral microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiao
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Deng
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Liang Zhang,
| | - Zhifeng Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhifeng Song,
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Emergency SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: rapidly direct RT-qPCR detection without RNA extraction, clinical comparison, cost-effective, and high-throughput. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4624-4633. [PMID: 35657641 PMCID: PMC9217698 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 2020, the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern has been characterized by the emergence of spike protein mutations, and these variants have become dominant worldwide. The gold standard SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis protocol requires two complex processes, namely, RNA extraction and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There is a need for a faster, simpler, and more cost-effective detection strategy that can be utilized worldwide, especially in developing countries. We propose the novel use of direct RT-qPCR, which does not require RNA extraction or a preheating step. For the detection, retrospectively, we used 770 clinical nasopharyngeal swabs, including positive and negative samples. The samples were subjected to RT-qPCR in the N1 and E genes using two different thermocyclers. The limit of detection was 30 copies/reaction for N1 and 60 copies/reaction for E. Analytical sensitivity was assessed for the developed direct RT-qPCR; the sensitivity was 95.69%, negative predictive value was 99.9%, accuracy of 99.35%, and area under the curve was 0.978. This novel direct RT-qPCR diagnosis method without RNA extraction is a reliable and high-throughput alternative method that can significantly save cost, labor, and time during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
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Rapid and Reliable Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Direct RT-LAMP. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040828. [PMID: 35453876 PMCID: PMC9029081 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The global pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has a healthcare, social and economic burden. To limit the spread of the virus, the World Health Organization (WHO) urgently called for extensive screening of suspected individuals; thus, a quick, simple, and sensitive diagnostic assay is always in need. Methods: We applied reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The RT-LAMP method was optimized by evaluating two fluorescence amplification mixes and several reaction times, and results were compared to the standard real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR). The assay was validated using 200 nasopharyngeal swabs collected in viral transport media (62 positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 138 negative for SARS-CoV-2 detected by the rtRT-PCR method). The samples were diluted 1:4 in diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water, utilized for RT-LAMP using different singleplex and multiplex sets of LAMP primers (N gene, S gene, and orf1ab gene), and incubated at 65 °C using real-time PCR 7500. Results: Our direct detection with the RT-LAMP protocol showed 100% concordance (sensitivity and specificity) with the standard protocol used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. Conclusions: In this study, we set up a rapid, simple, and sensitive RT-LAMP assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The assay is suitable for point of care detection in public hospitals, medical centers in rural areas, and in transportation hubs.
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Albuali WH, AlGhamdi AA, Aldossary SJ, AlHarbi SA, Al Majed SI, Alenizi A, Al-Qahtani MH, Lardhi AA, Al-Turki SA, AlSanea AS, Bubshait DK, Kobeisy SA, Herzallah NH, Alqarni WA, AlHarbi AH, Albuali HW, Aldossary BJ, AlQurashi FO, Yousef AA. Clinical profile, risk factors and outcomes of ric COVID-19: a retrospective cohort multicentre study in Saudi Arabia. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053722. [PMID: 35277403 PMCID: PMC8919130 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the risk factors, clinical profile and outcomes of COVID-19 in the paediatric population. DESIGN Multicentre, retrospective observational study. SETTING Four tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS We recruited 390 paediatric patients aged 0-18 years who presented from March to December 2020 and tested positive for COVID-19 on PCR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We retrospectively analysed medical records for sociodemographics, health indicators, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, clinical complications, and outcomes. RESULTS The mean participant age was 5.66±4.90 years, and the mean hospital stay was 2.17±3.48 days. Forty patients, mostly school-aged children (16, 40.00%; p=0.005) and children with comorbidities (25, 62.50%; p<0.001), received more than just supportive care. Complications were seen in 15 (3.9%) patients, bacterial infection being the most common (6, 40.00%). Patients presented with dyspnoea (OR 6.89; 95% CI 2.89 to 20.72), abnormal chest radiographs (OR 6.11; 95% CI 1.26 to 29.38), lethargy (OR 9.04; 95% CI 2.91 to 28.06) and elevated ferritin (OR 14.21; 95% CI 4.18 to 48.37) and D-dimer (OR 48.40; 95% CI 14.32 to 163.62), with higher odds of developing complications. The odds of paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) admission were higher for patients with dyspnoea (adjusted OR 4.66; 95% CI 1.24 to 17.50) and elevated white blood cell count (adjusted OR 3.54; 95% CI 1.02 to 12.30). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 complications were limited among our patients. However, dyspnoea, abnormal chest radiographs, lethargy and elevated ferritin and D-dimer were associated with an increased risk of complications. Dyspnoea, leucocytosis, comorbidities and abnormal chest radiographs at presentation increased the risk of ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed H Albuali
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A AlGhamdi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaikha J Aldossary
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A AlHarbi
- Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Al Majed
- Department of Pediatrics, John Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alenizi
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University College of Medicine, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer A Lardhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams A Al-Turki
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S AlSanea
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal K Bubshait
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayyah A Kobeisy
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor H Herzallah
- Department of Pediatrics, John Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan A Alqarni
- Department of Pediatrics, John Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer H AlHarbi
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad W Albuali
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader J Aldossary
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal O AlQurashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Yousef
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Pessoa-E-Silva R, Oliveira PSSD, Gonçalves SMC, Guarines KM, Carvalho LVDN, Correia MAB, Rosa MMD, Rêgo MJBDM, Pitta MGDR, Pereira MC. Enhanced rapid commercial DNA extraction kit for the molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Easy adaptation to current protocols. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e0270. [PMID: 34787260 PMCID: PMC8582969 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0270-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herein, the authors describe a simple enhancement to a commercial rapid DNA extraction kit based on simple viral lysis for detecting COVID-19 via RT-qPCR. METHODS After testing several different modifications, the adapted protocol with the best results in preliminary experiments was statistically evaluated in comparison with an automated robotic protocol. RESULTS Processing and testing of 119 nasopharyngeal samples ultimately yielded near-perfect agreement with the automated protocol (κ = 0.981 [95% confidence interval 0.943-1.000]). CONCLUSIONS The low cost and rapidity of the enhanced protocol makes it suitable for adoption in laboratories diagnosing COVID-19, especially those with high demand for examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Pessoa-E-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica - Suely Galdino, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Klarissa Miranda Guarines
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica - Suely Galdino, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica - Suely Galdino, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Bioquímica, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica - Suely Galdino, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Bioquímica, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica - Suely Galdino, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Bioquímica, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Michelly Cristiny Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica - Suely Galdino, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Abstract
CoVID-19 is a multi-symptomatic disease which has made a global impact due to its ability to spread rapidly, and its relatively high mortality rate. Beyond the heroic efforts to develop vaccines, which we do not discuss herein, the response of scientists and clinicians to this complex problem has reflected the need to detect CoVID-19 rapidly, to diagnose patients likely to show adverse symptoms, and to treat severe and critical CoVID-19. Here we aim to encapsulate these varied and sometimes conflicting approaches and the resulting data in terms of chemistry and biology. In the process we highlight emerging concepts, and potential future applications that may arise out of this immense effort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yimon Aye
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
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