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Chen G, Wang J, Huang Q, Sang L, Yan J, Chen R, Cheng J, Wang L, Zhang D, Ding H. Social support, psychological capital, multidimensional job burnout, and turnover intention of primary medical staff: a path analysis drawing on conservation of resources theory. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2024; 22:42. [PMID: 38898452 PMCID: PMC11186187 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-024-00915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job burnout is a prevalent and emerging challenge in the primary medical system, causing mass turnover, especially of primary medical staff. Little attention has been paid to the different dimensions of job burnout (emotional exhaustion, personality disintegration, and reduced sense of achievement), which may hinder efforts to tackle high turnover intention among primary medical staff. From the perspective of conservation of resources theory, social support and psychological capital are basic resources with potential to diminish job burnout and thus lower turnover intention. However, there is insufficient research evidence on the relationships between social support, psychological capital, and the three dimensions of job burnout within the primary medical system. OBJECTIVES Focusing on primary medical staff, this study conducts a path analysis to examine the correlations between two types of resources (social support and psychological capital) and the three dimensions of job burnout, and to test the impact of the latter on turnover intention. Based on the results, effective management strategies to improve the work stability of primary medical staff are proposed. METHODS Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select participants in Anhui Province, China. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing measures of the main variables and demographic questions. In total, 1132 valid questionnaires were returned by primary medical staff. Structural equation modeling was used for path analysis of the data. RESULTS Social support was negatively associated with emotional exhaustion (β = - 0.088, P = 0.020), personality disintegration (β = - 0.235, P < 0.001), and reduced sense of achievement (β = - 0.075, P = 0.040). Moreover, psychological capital was negatively associated with emotional exhaustion (β = - 0.079, P = 0.030), personality disintegration (β = - 0.156, P < 0.001), and reduced sense of achievement (β = - 0.432, P < 0.001). All three dimensions of job burnout positively affected turnover intention (emotional exhaustion: β = 0.246, P < 0.001; personality disintegration: β = 0.076, P = 0.040; reduced sense of achievement: β = 0.119, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of social support and psychological capital for diminishing the three dimensions of job burnout for primary medical staff and, in turn, lowering their turnover intention. Accordingly, to alleviate job burnout and improve staff retention, material and psychological supports from leaders, colleagues, family, relatives, and friends are essential, as are measures to improve the psychological energy of primary medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Chen
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Hospital Management Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Hospital Management Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qian Huang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lingzhi Sang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Yan
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Hospital Management Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ren Chen
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Hospital Management Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Hospital Management Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Hospital Management Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Hospital Management Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hong Ding
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Hospital Management Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Work-related stress and associated factors among health professionals in zone 1, Afar region, Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Alblihed M, Alzghaibi HA. The Impact of Job Stress, Role Ambiguity and Work-Life Imbalance on Turnover Intention during COVID-19: A Case Study of Frontline Health Workers in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13132. [PMID: 36293713 PMCID: PMC9603406 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to examine the impact of job stress, role ambiguity, work-life imbalance and burnout on employee turnover intention. Moreover, the mediating role of burnout between job stress, role ambiguity, work-life imbalance and turnover intention is also examined. The data collection for this quantitative research was conducted through the "Questionnaire" technique. The questionnaire was developed based on previously established questions available in the literature. The data were collected using simple random sampling from the healthcare workers of KSA. From the distributed questionnaire, 73.5% of the usable questionnaires were returned. This study used SPSS and PLS for the analysis of the data to highlight the most significant variables that impact the employees' turnover intentions among KSA health workers. The findings show that job burnout is clearly related to turnover intentions and is positively affected by both role stress and role ambiguity. Moreover, a statistically positive association is found between work-life imbalance and burnout among the healthcare workers in KSA. Furthermore, the mediating role of burnout is also confirmed in this study. The study also indicates that role ambiguity and role stress due to COVID-19 may create burnout among employees, which may lead to turnover intention among healthcare workers. There is a lack of research on the assessment of the impact of the novel COVID-19-related job stress, role ambiguity and work-life imbalance on the medical staff's turnover intentions in hospitals. This study fills the gap of the limited studies conducted regarding the identification of the factors that can create turnover intention among healthcare workers of KSA by providing empirical evidence from a Gulf country, Saudi Arabia. This study provides managerial implications for hospital management and health policymakers to develop a strategy to retain the employees. Furthermore, healthcare administrators need to pay close attention to front line workers' turnover intentions as these medical heroes are the vital part of our society who assist patients to receive their initial treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alblihed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Ali Alzghaibi
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
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Costa C, Teodoro M, De Vita A, Giambò F, Mento C, Muscatello MRA, Alibrandi A, Italia S, Fenga C. Factors Affecting Perceived Work Environment, Wellbeing, and Coping Styles: A Comparison between Physicians and Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11104. [PMID: 36078818 PMCID: PMC9518450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a current emergency worldwide. All the consequent changes in sanitary systems have negatively affected the work-life balance. In particular, healthcare workers suffered from anxiety, stress, and depression, mostly nurses compared to physicians. To handle this situation, the adoption of different coping strategies has played a strategic role in psychophysical wellbeing. Our main goal is to the assess the perception of work environment and wellbeing (EQ-5D questionnaire), as well as to analyze possible differences in coping styles between physicians and nurses (brief COPE questionnaire). The arising differences were compared between the two groups, and associations with variables were assessed through a bivariate correlation analysis. This cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020 through an online survey. A total of 172 respondents (117 physicians and 55 nurses), of which 102 were women and 70 were men, accepted to join the study. Our results showed that physicians referred a higher perception of wellbeing, and nurses reported an increased perception of work activity and efficiency, along with an unchanged economic status. The most frequently adopted coping strategies were Active and Planning (self-sufficient coping). Physicians showed a greater tendency to use avoidant coping strategies. More-experienced nurses and physicians were less prone to adopt socially supported coping strategies, emphasizing the need for novel organizational measures at the social dimension that favored sharing and interaction between peers. Future research should aim to further investigate the relationship between the perception of work environment and coping strategies in order to identify risk factors to be prevented by promoting adequate measures at an organizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Teodoro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Vita
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Giambò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Mento
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Clinical Psychology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Italia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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AlMuammar SA, Shahadah DM, Shahadah AO. Occupational stress in healthcare workers at a university hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med 2022; 29:196-203. [PMID: 36389027 PMCID: PMC9664460 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_157_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational stress can be caused by a heavy workload, insecurity, or poor relationships with coworkers or supervisors. Previous research has showed a significant prevalence of stress in healthcare personnel. This study's aim was to identify health-care professionals at risk of occupational stress and determine the factors that may cause it. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers at a university hospital, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire solicited information on participants' demographic data including the Workplace Stress Scale, questions on their relationships with colleagues, lack of equipment, job insecurity at the workplace, changing shift patterns, job satisfaction, availability of time to rest and relax, social and family problems, responsibilities, social support, rational/cognitive coping, doctor-patient relationship, and role overload. SPSS was used for data analysis; initial analysis included descriptive statistics, and t-test chi-square test. Multiple linear regression analysis used to identify factors associated with workplace stress. RESULTS About 78% of the participants were 25-35 years old, 54% were males, and 60% were physicians. Working a shift reduced the job stress index by a statistically significant amount. However, longer working hours, higher education, and having many children contributed to higher job stress; in terms of severity, a good educational level and having many children marginally increased the risk whereas having shifts decreased the job stress. In terms of the absence of organizational support, it was discovered that having many children, a high educational level, and long working hours per day boosted it, although working a shift had a negative correlation. CONCLUSION There is a need for continued administrative assistance and appropriate training programs to deal with potentially stressful situations at health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. AlMuammar
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhiyaa M. Shahadah
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas O. Shahadah
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Latsou D, Bolosi FM, Androutsou L, Geitona M. Professional Quality of Life and Occupational Stress in Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. Health Serv Insights 2022; 15:11786329221096042. [PMID: 35651953 PMCID: PMC9149609 DOI: 10.1177/11786329221096042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Health professionals (HPs) coping with the coronavirus pandemic are at risk of working under stressful conditions impacting their professional well-being. The aim of this paper was to explore HP’s professional quality of life and occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted (from October to December 2020) in a COVID-19 reference hospital, one of the biggest in Attica. The method of convenience sampling has been used. Data collection was carried out through an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire including, apart from HPs’ demographic and occupational characteristics, Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQoL) and Job Stress Measure. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed to physicians and nurses. One hundred eighty-six questionnaires were fully completed (response rate = 78.8%). The analysis was based on descriptive and inductive statistics, using SPSS v25. Results: Participants’ mean age was 41.5 ± 10.4 years; 75.3% were women and 62.4% was nursing staff. ProQoL analysis showed that the majority had moderate compassion satisfaction (74.2%) and burnout (78.5%), while 48.8% had moderate level of secondary post-traumatic stress. The mean value of occupational stress was estimated at 2.76, showing a moderate level of stress. HPs’ demographic and occupational characteristics seemed to affect both work stress and ProQoL ( P ⩽ .05). Occupational stress was positively correlated with both burnout ( r = 0.461, P = .001) and secondary post-traumatic stress ( r = 0.596, P = .001), indicating that an increase in health professionals’ stress at work corresponds to a simultaneous increase in ProQoL. Conclusions: HPs’ professional quality of life and occupational stress seemed to be moderate during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. In order to achieve an improvement in HPs’ overall professional well-being, priority should be given to the strengthening of the capacity of the healthcare system as well as to supporting HPs in both stress management and psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Latsou
- Department of Public Administration, University of Neapolis, Pafos, Cyprus
| | - Fevronia-Maria Bolosi
- Department of Public Administration, University of Neapolis, Pafos, Cyprus
- General Hospital of Athens “Evangelismos,” Athens, Greece
| | - Lorena Androutsou
- Department of Public Administration, University of Neapolis, Pafos, Cyprus
| | - Mary Geitona
- Department of Public Administration, University of Neapolis, Pafos, Cyprus
- Department of Social & Educational Policy, School of Social Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece
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Pakkir Mohamed SH, Subbarayalu AV. Knowledge, attitude, practices and perceived job stress among physical therapists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022250. [PMID: 36300227 PMCID: PMC9686182 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i5.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and perceived job stress among physical therapists (PTs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS A cross-sectional study design was adopted; 300 PTs working within the KSA were randomly selected, and the KAP questionnaire was distributed through email using a Google form during the first quarter of 2022. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, KAP, and perceived stress level at the job. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS Most PTs are knowledgeable about the management of COVID-19 patients, where their overall correct response to the items of the knowledge-related questionnaire was 87%. Most PTs had positive attitudes toward successful control of COVID-19 (83%) and took necessary precautions, such as frequent handwashing (97.2%) and adherence to the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) guidelines (91.5%) during practice. The overall job stress level of the PTs was 'Moderate' (76.5%). This study showed a significant association between the level of job stress experienced by the PTs and selected demographic variables. CONCLUSION PTs have adequate knowledge, exhibit a positive attitude and adhere to CDC guidelines while managing patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most PTs are prone to moderate job stress while managing patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, and appropriate strategies must be devised to alleviate their job stress and improve their efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Vijay Subbarayalu
- Physical Therapy Department, Quality Assurance Department, Deanship of Quality and Academic Accreditation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Alyahya SA, Al-Mansour KA, Alkohaiz MA, Almalki MA. Association between role conflict and ambiguity and stress among nurses in primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27294. [PMID: 34664892 PMCID: PMC8447988 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association between role conflict and ambiguity among nurses in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Saudi Arabia and their stress levels during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.In this online cross-sectional study, sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, role conflict, and ambiguity of 432 nurses were assessed using the Bowling Scale for Role Conflict and Ambiguity and stress was assessed using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale from September 27 to October 17, 2020. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for above-median stress levels of nurses with average and high (2nd and 3rd tertiles) role conflict and ambiguity compared with nurses with low role conflict and ambiguity (1st tertile).The mean (standard deviation) age of the nurses was 36.5 ± 6.6 years, and 25.9% of them were males. After adjusting for PHC type and working hours, nurses with average and high role conflict had significantly higher stress rates than those with low role conflict, with ORs (95% CIs) of 2.69 (1.62-4.46) and 6.31 (3.78-10.53), respectively. Similarly, nurses with average- and high-role ambiguity had significantly higher stress than those with low role ambiguity, with ORs (95% CIs) of 2.15 (1.30-3.55) and 7.68 (4.54-13.01), respectively. Increasing stress rates were detected across increasing categories of role conflict and ambiguity (P values for trend <.001).We found that role conflict and ambiguity were associated with stress among nurses in PHCs in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid A. Al-Mansour
- General Administration for Primary Health Centers, Ministry of Health
- Department of Social Studies, College of Arts, King Saud University, Riyadh
| | | | - Mansour A. Almalki
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Facility of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccination among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9091218. [PMID: 34574992 PMCID: PMC8469638 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine refusal or hesitancy is one of the significant issues that can have an adverse impact on people’s health and their countries’ economy. Additionally, vaccine acceptance or refusal could have a decisive role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine refusal and hesitancy among the general population in Saudi Arabia. The method is a cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire, and data were collected from 1935 participants between 18 February 2021 and 1 April 2021. Out of 1935 participants aged ≥18 years and residing in Saudi Arabia, 46.9% reported their intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, 22.4% had received the vaccine, 9.5% did not intend to receive the vaccine, and 21.2% had not made their decision. In the multinomial logistic regression models, vaccine refusal was associated with age (OR: 0.961), nationality (OR: 0.182), monthly income of more than SAR 18,000 (OR: 2.325), chronic diseases (OR: 0.521), knowledge about the vaccine (OR: 0.937), and concerns about the vaccine (OR: 1.5). The hesitancy was associated with age (OR: 0.977), nationality (OR: 0.231), monthly income between SAR 6000 to 12,000 (OR: 0.607), chronic diseases (OR: 0.640), knowledge about the vaccine (OR: 0.907), and concerns about the vaccine (OR: 1.3). The main concerns about the vaccine were “COVID-19 vaccines are not tested enough on people”, “drug companies are interested in COVID-19 vaccine sales only”, and “COVID-19 vaccines have serious adverse effects”. Awareness programs and vaccination campaigns should consider people’s concerns and correct their misinformation.
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