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Prochaska M, Alfandre D. Artificial intelligence, ethics, and hospital medicine: Addressing challenges to ethical norms and patient-centered care. J Hosp Med 2024. [PMID: 38650109 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Micah Prochaska
- Section of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- MacLean Center for Clinical and Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Alfandre
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, VA National Center for Ethics in Health Care, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Akrout M, Cirone KD, Vender R. Evaluation of Vision LLMs GTP-4V and LLaVA for the Recognition of Features Characteristic of Melanoma. J Cutan Med Surg 2024; 28:98-99. [PMID: 38174854 DOI: 10.1177/12034754231220934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Akrout
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- AIP Labs, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katrina D Cirone
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald Vender
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dermatrials Research Inc., Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Bignami EG, Vittori A, Lanza R, Compagnone C, Cascella M, Bellini V. The Clinical Researcher Journey in the Artificial Intelligence Era: The PAC-MAN’s Challenge. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070975. [PMID: 37046900 PMCID: PMC10093965 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool that can assist researchers and clinicians in various settings. However, like any technology, it must be used with caution and awareness as there are numerous potential pitfalls. To provide a creative analogy, we have likened research to the PAC-MAN classic arcade video game. Just as the protagonist of the game is constantly seeking data, researchers are constantly seeking information that must be acquired and managed within the constraints of the research rules. In our analogy, the obstacles that researchers face are represented by “ghosts”, which symbolize major ethical concerns, low-quality data, legal issues, and educational challenges. In short, clinical researchers need to meticulously collect and analyze data from various sources, often navigating through intricate and nuanced challenges to ensure that the data they obtain are both precise and pertinent to their research inquiry. Reflecting on this analogy can foster a deeper comprehension of the significance of employing AI and other powerful technologies with heightened awareness and attentiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giovanna Bignami
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vittori
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, ARCO ROMA, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0668592397
| | - Roberto Lanza
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Compagnone
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Bellini
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Damiani G, Altamura G, Zedda M, Nurchis MC, Aulino G, Heidar Alizadeh A, Cazzato F, Della Morte G, Caputo M, Grassi S, Oliva A. Potentiality of algorithms and artificial intelligence adoption to improve medication management in primary care: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065301. [PMID: 36958780 PMCID: PMC10040015 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) and/or algorithms on drug management in primary care settings comparing AI and/or algorithms with standard clinical practice. Second, we evaluated what is the most frequently reported type of medication error and the most used AI machine type. METHODS A systematic review of literature was conducted querying PubMed, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science until November 2021. The search strategy and the study selection were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome framework. Specifically, the Population chosen was general population of all ages (ie, including paediatric patients) in primary care settings (ie, home setting, ambulatory and nursery homes); the Intervention considered was the analysis AI and/or algorithms (ie, intelligent programs or software) application in primary care for reducing medications errors, the Comparator was the general practice and, lastly, the Outcome was the reduction of preventable medication errors (eg, overprescribing, inappropriate medication, drug interaction, risk of injury, dosing errors or in an increase in adherence to therapy). The methodological quality of included studies was appraised adopting the Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies of the National Institute of Health for randomised controlled trials. RESULTS Studies reported in different ways the effective reduction of medication error. Ten out of 14 included studies, corresponding to 71% of articles, reported a reduction of medication errors, supporting the hypothesis that AI is an important tool for patient safety. CONCLUSION This study highlights how a proper application of AI in primary care is possible, since it provides an important tool to support the physician with drug management in non-hospital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Damiani
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gerardo Altamura
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Zedda
- Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cesare Nurchis
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aulino
- Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Heidar Alizadeh
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cazzato
- Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Caputo
- Section of Criminal Law, Department of Juridical Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Grassi
- Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Forensic Medical Sciences, Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Oliva
- Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Bas TG, Astudillo P, Rojo D, Trigo A. Opinions Related to the Potential Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by the Responsible in Charge of the Administrative Management Related to the Logistics and Supply Chain of Medical Stock in Health Centers in North of Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4839. [PMID: 36981748 PMCID: PMC10048829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The research evaluated the opinion of those in charge of the administrative management of the logistics and supply chain of medical and pharmaceutical stocks of health care centers in the north of Chile and a potential improvement of their operations through the use of artificial intelligence (AI). The identification of the problem arose from the empirical analysis, where serious deficiencies in the manual handling and management of the stock of medicines and hospital supplies were evidenced. This deficiency does not allow a timely response to the demand of the logistics and supply chain, causing stock ruptures in health centers. Based on this finding, we asked ourselves how AI was observed as the most efficient tool to solve this difficulty. The results were obtained through surveys of personnel in charge of hospital and pharmacy supplies. The questions focused on the level of training, seniority in positions related to the problem, knowledge of regulations, degree of innovation in the procedures used in logistics and supply chain and procurement. However, a very striking fact was related to the importance of the use of AI, where, very surprisingly, 64.7% considered that it would not help to reduce human errors generated in the areas analyzed.
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Raza MA, Aziz S, Noreen M, Saeed A, Anjum I, Ahmed M, Raza SM. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Pharmacy: An Overview of Innovations. Innov Pharm 2022; 13:10.24926/iip.v13i2.4839. [PMID: 36654703 PMCID: PMC9836757 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v13i2.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerged as an intervention for data and number-related problems. This breakthrough has led to several technological advancements in virtually all fields from engineering to architecture, education, accounting, business, health, and so on. AI has come a long way in healthcare, having played significant roles in data and information storage and management - such as patient medical histories, medicine stocks, sale records, and so on; automated machines; software and computer applications like diagnostic tools such as MRI radiation technology, CT diagnosis and many more have all been created to aid and simplify healthcare measures. Inarguably, AI has revolutionized healthcare to be more effective and efficient and the pharmacy sector is not left out. During the past few years, a considerable amount of increasing interest in the uses of AI technology has been identified for analyzing as well as interpreting some important fields of pharmacy like drug discovery, dosage form designing, polypharmacology, and hospital pharmacy. Given the growing importance of AI, we wanted to create a comprehensive report which helps every practicing pharmacist understand the biggest breakthroughs which are assisted by the deployment of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmer Raza
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shireen Aziz
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Noreen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan,School of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amna Saeed
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan,Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mudassar Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan,School of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Masood Raza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan,School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China,Corresponding author: Shahid Masood Raza School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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Hort S, Herbst L, Bäckel N, Erkens F, Niessing B, Frye M, König N, Papantoniou I, Hudecek M, Jacobs JJL, Schmitt RH. Toward Rapid, Widely Available Autologous CAR-T Cell Therapy – Artificial Intelligence and Automation Enabling the Smart Manufacturing Hospital. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:913287. [PMID: 35733863 PMCID: PMC9207622 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.913287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy is a promising treatment for acute leukemia and lymphoma. CAR-T cell therapies take a pioneering role in autologous gene therapy with three EMA-approved products. However, the chance of clinical success remains relatively low as the applicability of CAR-T cell therapy suffers from long, labor-intensive manufacturing and a lack of comprehensive insight into the bioprocess. This leads to high manufacturing costs and limited clinical success, preventing the widespread use of CAR-T cell therapies. New manufacturing approaches are needed to lower costs to improve manufacturing capacity and shorten provision times. Semi-automated devices such as the Miltenyi Prodigy® were developed to reduce hands-on production time. However, these devices are not equipped with the process analytical technology necessary to fully characterize and control the process. An automated AI-driven CAR-T cell manufacturing platform in smart manufacturing hospitals (SMH) is being developed to address these challenges. Automation will increase the cost-effectiveness and robustness of manufacturing. Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to interpret the data collected on the platform will provide valuable process insights and drive decisions for process optimization. The smart integration of automated CAR-T cell manufacturing platforms into hospitals enables the independent manufacture of autologous CAR-T cell products. In this perspective, we will be discussing current challenges and opportunities of the patient-specific but highly automated, AI-enabled CAR-T cell manufacturing. A first automation concept will be shown, including a system architecture based on current Industry 4.0 approaches for AI integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hort
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Simon Hort
| | - Laura Herbst
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Niklas Bäckel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frederik Erkens
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bastian Niessing
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maik Frye
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Niels König
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Greece (FORTH), Patras, Greece
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus the Leuven R&D Translational Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert H. Schmitt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
- Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Abubaker Bagabir S, Ibrahim NK, Abubaker Bagabir H, Hashem Ateeq R. Covid-19 and Artificial Intelligence: Genome sequencing, drug development and vaccine discovery. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:289-296. [PMID: 35078755 PMCID: PMC8767913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the work done by using AI for identifying the genomic sequences, development of drugs and vaccines for COVID-19 and to recognize the advantages and challenges of using such technology. METHODS A non-systematic review was done. All articles published on Pub-Med, Medline, Google, and Google Scholar on AI or digital health regarding genomic sequencing, drug development, and vaccines of COVID-19 were scrutinized and summarized. RESULTS The sequence of SARS- CoV-2 was identified with the help of AI. It can help also in the prompt identification of variants of concern (VOC) as delta strains and Omicron. Furthermore, there are many drugs applied with the help of AI. These drugs included Atazanavir, Remdesivir, Efavirenz, Ritonavir, and Dolutegravir, PARP1 inhibitors (Olaparib and CVL218 which is Mefuparib hydrochloride), Abacavir, Roflumilast, Almitrine, and Mesylate. Many vaccines were developed utilizing the new technology of bioinformatics, databases, immune-informatics, machine learning, and reverse vaccinology to the whole SARS-CoV-2 proteomes or the structural proteins. Examples of these vaccines are the messenger RNA and viral vector vaccines. AI provides cost-saving and agility. However, the challenges of its usage are the difficulty of collecting data, the internal and external validation, ethical consideration, therapeutic effect, and the time needed for clinical trials after drug approval. Moreover, there is a common problem in the deep learning (DL) model which is the shortage of interpretability. CONCLUSION The growth of AI techniques in health care opened a broad gate for discovering the genomic sequences of the COVID-19 virus and the VOC. AI helps also in the development of vaccines and drugs (including drug repurposing) to obtain potential preventive and therapeutic agents for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sali Abubaker Bagabir
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Khamis Ibrahim
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Epidemiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hala Abubaker Bagabir
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
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Daily Living Activity Recognition In-The-Wild: Modeling and Inferring Activity-Aware Human Contexts. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in smart sensing and computing technologies has provided a dynamic opportunity to develop intelligent systems for human activity monitoring and thus assisted living. Consequently, many researchers have put their efforts into implementing sensor-based activity recognition systems. However, recognizing people’s natural behavior and physical activities with diverse contexts is still a challenging problem because human physical activities are often distracted by changes in their surroundings/environments. Therefore, in addition to physical activity recognition, it is also vital to model and infer the user’s context information to realize human-environment interactions in a better way. Therefore, this research paper proposes a new idea for activity recognition in-the-wild, which entails modeling and identifying detailed human contexts (such as human activities, behavioral environments, and phone states) using portable accelerometer sensors. The proposed scheme offers a detailed/fine-grained representation of natural human activities with contexts, which is crucial for modeling human-environment interactions in context-aware applications/systems effectively. The proposed idea is validated using a series of experiments, and it achieved an average balanced accuracy of 89.43%, which proves its effectiveness.
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Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks in Healthcare Applications. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9091114. [PMID: 34574892 PMCID: PMC8470064 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile healthcare service has become increasingly popular thanks to the significant advances in the wireless body area networks (WBANs). It helps medical professionals to collect patient’s healthcare data remotely and provides remote medical diagnosis. Since the health data are privacy-related, they should provide services with privacy-preserving, which should consider security and privacy at the same time. Recently, some lightweight patient healthcare authentication protocols were proposed for WBANs. However, we observed that they are vulnerable to tracing attacks because the patient uses the same identifier in each session, which could leak privacy-related information on the patient. To defeat the weakness, this paper proposes a privacy-preserving authentication protocol for WBANs in healthcare service. The proposed protocol is only based on one-way hash function and with exclusive-or operation, which are lightweight operations than asymmetric cryptosystem operations. We performed two rigorous formal security proofs based on BAN logic and ProVerif tool. Furthermore, comparison results with the relevant protocols show that the proposed protocol achieves more privacy and security features than the other protocols and has suitable efficiency in computational and communicational concerns.
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