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Teng Z, Luo Y, Sun J, Li Y, Pearlstein DJ, Oehler MA, Fitzwater JD, Zhou B, Chang CY, Hassan MA, Chen P, Wang Q, Fonseca JM. Effect of Far-Red Light on Biomass Accumulation, Plant Morphology, and Phytonutrient Composition of Ruby Streaks Mustard at Microgreen, Baby Leaf, and Flowering Stages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9587-9598. [PMID: 38588384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Far-red (FR) light influences plant development significantly through shade avoidance response and photosynthetic modulation, but there is limited knowledge on how FR treatments influence the growth and nutrition of vegetables at different maturity stages in controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Here, we comprehensively investigated the impacts of FR on the yield, morphology, and phytonutrients of ruby streaks mustard (RS) at microgreen, baby leaf, and flowering stages. Treatments including white control, white with supplementary FR, white followed by singularly applied FR, and enhanced white (WE) matching the extended daily light integral (eDLI) of FR were designed for separating the effects of light intensity and quality. Results showed that singular and supplemental FR affected plant development and nutrition similarly throughout the growth cycle, with light intensity and quality playing varying roles at different stages. Specifically, FR did not affect the fresh and dry weight of microgreens but increased those values for baby leaves, although not as effectively as WE. Meanwhile, FR caused significant morphological change and accelerated the development of leaves, flowers, and seedpods more dramatically than WE. With regard to phytonutrients, light treatments affected the metabolomic profiles for baby leaves more dramatically than microgreens and flowers. FR decreased the glucosinolate and anthocyanin contents in microgreens and baby leaves, while WE increased the contents of those compounds in baby leaves. This study illustrates the complex impacts of FR on RS and provides valuable information for selecting optimal lighting conditions in CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Teng
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Yanfang Li
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Daniel J Pearlstein
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Madison A Oehler
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - James D Fitzwater
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Christine Y Chang
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Muhammad Adeel Hassan
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jorge M Fonseca
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Liu X, Shi R, Gao M, He R, Li Y, Liu H. Growth of tomato and cucumber seedlings under different light environments and their development after transplanting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1164768. [PMID: 37546262 PMCID: PMC10400448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Selecting suitable light conditions according to the plant growth characteristics is one of the important approaches to cultivating high-quality vegetable seedlings. To determine the more favorable LED light conditions for producing high-quality tomato and cucumber seedlings in plant factories with artificial light (PFALS), the growth characteristics of tomato and cucumber seedlings under seven LED light environments (CK, B, UV-A, FR, B+UV-A, UV-A+FR, and B+FR) and the development of these seedlings after transplanting into a plastic greenhouse were investigated. The results showed that the seedling height and hypocotyl length increased in treatments with far-red light supplementation (FR, UV-A+FR, and B+FR), but decreased in the B treatment, in both varieties. The seedling index of tomato seedlings increased in the B+UV-A treatment, while that of cucumber seedlings increased in the FR treatment. After transplanting into a plastic greenhouse, tomato plants that radiated with UV-A had greater flower numbers on the 15th day after transplanting. In cucumber plants of the FR treatment, the flowering time was significantly delayed, and the female flower exhibited at a lower node position. By using a comprehensive scoring analysis of all detected indicators, light environments with UV-A and FR were more beneficial for improving the overall quality of tomato and cucumber seedlings, respectively.
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Lee JH, Kwon YB, Roh YH, Choi IL, Kim J, Kim Y, Yoon HS, Kang HM. Effect of Various LED Light Qualities, Including Wide Red Spectrum-LED, on the Growth and Quality of Mini Red Romaine Lettuce (cv. Breen). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2056. [PMID: 37653973 PMCID: PMC10223557 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, LEDs with various light qualities have been used in closed plant factories, and they are known to have different effects on the growth and quality of crops. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the change in growth and quality in mini red romaine lettuce using LEDs with various light qualities. Wide red spectrum (WRS)-LEDs, blue (B)-LEDs, blue + red (BR)-LEDs, red (R)-LEDs, and white (W)-LEDs were used as the artificial light sources. Regarding growth, the R-LED treatment showed the most positive effect, but the leaf shape was not normal and the Hunter b* value was not suitable because it was higher than that of the other treatments. The Hunter a*, SPAD, and NDVI values of the B- and BR-LED treatments were effective, but this was not the case for those of the R- and W-LED treatments. The anthocyanin reflectance index 1 (ARI1) was 20 times higher in the B-LED treatment than in the R-LED treatment, and the ascorbic acid content was the highest in the WRS-LED treatment. In the sensory evaluation, bitterness and sweetness showed opposite tendencies. Regarding the overall preference, the BR-LED treatment received the highest score. Correlation analysis showed that the bitterness was closely correlated with the anthocyanin content and leaf color. Taken together, BR-LEDs provided a good top fresh weight, dark red leaves, and high anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents, with the highest overall preference; therefore, BR-LEDs were the most suitable for the cultivation of mini red romaine lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwan Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (Y.B.K.); (Y.H.R.)
| | - Yong Beom Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (Y.B.K.); (Y.H.R.)
| | - Yoo Han Roh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (Y.B.K.); (Y.H.R.)
| | - In-Lee Choi
- Agricultural and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jidong Kim
- FutureGreen Co., Ltd., Yongin 17095, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yongduk Kim
- Cheorwon Plasma Research Institute, Cheorwon 24062, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyuk Sung Yoon
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ho-Min Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (Y.B.K.); (Y.H.R.)
- Agricultural and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
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Zhang X, Chen K, Zhao Z, Li S, Li Y. A Novel LED Light Radiation Approach Enhances Growth in Green and Albino Tea Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:988. [PMID: 36903849 PMCID: PMC10005489 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Light, as an energy source, has been proven to strongly affect photosynthesis and, thus, can regulate the yield and quality of tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.). However, few comprehensive studies have investigated the synergistic effects of light wavelengths on tea growth and development in green and albino varieties. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate different ratios of red, blue and yellow light and their effects on tea plants' growth and quality. In this study, Zhongcha108 (green variety) and Zhongbai4 (albino variety) were exposed to lights of different wavelengths for a photoperiod of 5 months under the following seven treatments: white light simulated from the solar spectrum, which served as the control, and L1 (red 75%, blue 15% and yellow 10%), L2 (red 60%, blue 30% and yellow 10%), L3 (red 45%, far-red light 15%, blue 30% and yellow 10%), L4 (red 55%, blue 25% and yellow 20%), L5 (red 45%, blue 45% and yellow 10%) and L6 (red 30%, blue 60% and yellow 10%), respectively. We examined how different ratios of red light, blue light and yellow light affected tea growth by investigating the photosynthesis response curve, chlorophyll content, leaf structure, growth parameters and quality. Our results showed that far-red light interacted with red, blue and yellow light (L3 treatments) and significantly promoted leaf photosynthesis by 48.51% in the green variety, Zhongcha108, compared with the control treatments, and the length of the new shoots, number of new leaves, internode length, new leaf area, new shoots biomass and leaf thickness increased by 70.43%, 32.64%, 25.97%, 15.61%, 76.39% and 13.30%, respectively. Additionally, the polyphenol in the green variety, Zhongcha108, was significantly increased by 15.6% compared to that of the plants subjected to the control treatment. In addition, for the albino variety Zhongbai4, the highest ratio of red light (L1 treatment) remarkably enhanced leaf photosynthesis by 50.48% compared with the plants under the control treatment, resulting in the greatest new shoot length, number of new leaves, internode length, new leaf area, new shoot biomass, leaf thickness and polyphenol in the albino variety, Zhongbai4, compared to those of the control treatments, which increased by 50.48%, 26.11%, 69.29%, 31.61%, 42.86% and 10.09%, respectively. Our study provided these new light modes to serve as a new agricultural method for the production of green and albino varieties.
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Tsypurskaya EV, Nikolaeva TN, Lapshin PV, Nechaeva TL, Yuorieva NO, Baranova EN, Derevyagina MK, Nazarenko LV, Goldenkova-Pavlova IV, Zagoskina NV. Response of Transgenic Potato Plants Expressing Heterologous Genes of ∆9- or ∆12-Acyl-lipid Desaturases to Phytophthora infestans Infection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030288. [PMID: 35161270 PMCID: PMC8840463 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Late blight is one of the most economically important diseases affecting potato and causing a significant loss in yield. The development of transgenic potato plants with enhanced resistance to infection by Phytophthora infestans may represent a possible approach to solving this issue. A comparative study of the leaf response in control potato plants (S.tuberosum L. cultivar Skoroplodnyi), control transgenic plants expressing the reporter gene of thermostable lichenase (transgenic licBM3 line) and transgenic plants expressing cyanobacterial hybrid genes ∆9-acyl-lipid desaturase (transgenic desC lines) and ∆12-acyl-lipid desaturase (transgenic desA lines) to infection with P. infestans has been performed. The expression of desaturase genes in potato plants enhanced their tolerance to potato late blight agents as compared with the control. The lipid peroxidation level raised in the leaves of the control and transgenic desA plants on third day after inoculation with P. infestans zoospores and remained the same in the transgenic desC plants. The number of total phenolic compounds was increased as early as on the second day after infection in all studied variants and continued to remain the same, except for transgenic desC plants. Accumulation of flavonoids, the main components of the potato leaf phenolic complex, raised on the second day in all studied variants, remained unchanged on the third day in the control plants and decreased in most transgenic plants expressing desaturase genes. The results obtained in our study demonstrate that the expression of genes of Δ9- and Δ12-acyl-lipid desaturases in potato plants enhanced their resistance to P. infestans as compared with the control non-transgenic plants due to concomitant accumulation of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, in the leaves. All these changes were more pronounced in transgenic desC plants, which indicates that the Δ9-acyllipid desaturase gene appears to be a potential inducer of the production of biological antioxidants in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Tsypurskaya
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.N.N.); (P.V.L.); (T.L.N.); (N.O.Y.); (I.V.G.-P.)
| | - Tatiana N. Nikolaeva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.N.N.); (P.V.L.); (T.L.N.); (N.O.Y.); (I.V.G.-P.)
| | - Petr V. Lapshin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.N.N.); (P.V.L.); (T.L.N.); (N.O.Y.); (I.V.G.-P.)
| | - Tatiana L. Nechaeva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.N.N.); (P.V.L.); (T.L.N.); (N.O.Y.); (I.V.G.-P.)
| | - Natalya O. Yuorieva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.N.N.); (P.V.L.); (T.L.N.); (N.O.Y.); (I.V.G.-P.)
| | - Ekaterina N. Baranova
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia
- All Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Lyudmila V. Nazarenko
- Department of Biology and Human Physiology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Sports Technologies, Moscow City Teachers’ Training University, 129226 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Goldenkova-Pavlova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.N.N.); (P.V.L.); (T.L.N.); (N.O.Y.); (I.V.G.-P.)
| | - Natalia V. Zagoskina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.N.N.); (P.V.L.); (T.L.N.); (N.O.Y.); (I.V.G.-P.)
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