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Al-Shammari WB, Abdulkreem Al-Huquil A, Alshammery K, Lotfi S, Altamimi H, Alshammari A, Al-Harbi NA, Rashed AA, Abdelaal K. Alleviation of drought stress damages by melatonin and Bacillus thuringiensis associated with adjusting photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidative system, and anatomical structure of Glycine max (L.). Heliyon 2024; 10:e34754. [PMID: 39149001 PMCID: PMC11325389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
These experiments were performed to study the effect of exogenous treatment with melatonin at 100 μM and seed treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis (106-8 CFU/cm3) on growth, physio-biochemical characters, antioxidant enzymes, and anatomical features of soybean plants cv. Giza 111 under drought conditions. The findings showed that leaves number, nodules number, branches number, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) were significantly reduced in soybean under drought stress. In addition, anatomical structure of stems and leaves were negatively affected in stressed plants. Moreover, proline, electrolyte leakage (EL%) lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide (O2 ·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), were significantly increased under drought stress. However, application of melatonin or Bacillus caused an improvement in growth characters, such as branches number, and increased chlorophyll a and b content, RWC as well as Fv/Fm in drought stressed soybean plants. Furthermore, melatonin and Bacillus treatments showed a significant decrease in EL%, MDA, O2 ·- and H2O2, besides regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. The stems and leaves anatomical structure, such as lamina thickness, lower and upper epidermis thickness, number of xylem vessels/bundle, stem diameter, xylem vessels diameter, and phloem thickness, were improved under drought conditions with melatonin and Bacillus treatments. Therefore, the outcomes of this investigation recommended the use of melatonin as foliar spray and Bacillus thuringiensis as seed treatment, which could regulate a number of stress-responsive mechanisms to protect the stressed soybean plants, improve their growth under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasimah B Al-Shammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huquil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud Alshammery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Lotfi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Altamimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Abdullah Rashed
- Biology Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abdelaal
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab., Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt
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Kaya C, Uğurlar F, Seth CS. Sodium nitroprusside modulates oxidative and nitrosative processes in Lycopersicum esculentum L. under drought stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:152. [PMID: 38806834 PMCID: PMC11133051 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Sodium nitroprusside mediates drought stress responses in tomatoes by modulating nitrosative and oxidative pathways, highlighting the interplay between nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, and antioxidant systems for enhanced drought tolerance. While nitric oxide (NO), a signalling molecule, enhances plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, its precise contribution to improving tomato tolerance to drought stress (DS) through modulating oxide-nitrosative processes is not yet fully understood. We aimed to examine the interaction of NO and nitrosative signaling, revealing how sodium nitroprusside (SNP) could mitigate the effects of DS on tomatoes. DS-seedlings endured 12% polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a 10% nutrient solution (NS) for 2 days, then transitioned to half-strength NS for 10 days alongside control plants. DS reduced total plant dry weight, chlorophyll a and b, Fv/Fm, leaf water potential (ΨI), and relative water content, but improved hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and NO content. The SNP reduced the DS-induced H2O2 generation by reducing thiol (-SH) and the carbonyl (-CO) groups. SNP increased not only NO but also the activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-DES), leading to the generation of H2S. Decreases in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) suggest a potential regulatory mechanism in which S-nitrosylation [formation of S-nitrosothiol (SNO)] may influence protein function and signaling pathways during DS. Moreover, SNP improved ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) and reduced oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels in tomato plants under drought. Furthermore, the interaction of NO and H2S, mediated by L-DES activity, may serve as a vital cross-talk mechanism impacting plant responses to DS. Understanding these signaling interactions is crucial for developing innovative drought-tolerance strategies in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, 63200, Turkey.
| | - Ferhat Uğurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, 63200, Turkey
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Maleki M, Shojaeiyan A, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A. Differential responses of two fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) landraces pretreated with melatonin to prolonged drought stress and subsequent recovery. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:161. [PMID: 38429697 PMCID: PMC10908034 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought impairs growth, disturbs photosynthesis, and induces senescence in plants, which results in crop productivity reduction and ultimately jeopardizes human food security. The objective of this study was to determine major parameters associated with drought tolerance and recovery ability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), by examining differential biochemical and phenological responses and underlying enzyme activities as well as melatonin roles during drought stress and re-watering for two contrasting landraces. Moreover, the relative expression of three key genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of diosgenin, including SQS, CAS, and BG, was investigated. RESULTS Depending on the conditions, drought stress enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the osmoregulating compounds, non-enzymatic antioxidants, hydrogen peroxide content, and lipid peroxidation levels in most cases. Severe drought stress accelerated flowering time in Shushtar landrace (SHR) but had no significant effects on Varamin (VR). Pretreatment with melatonin delayed flowering time in SHR and caused high drought resistance in this landrace. Furthermore, melatonin significantly enhanced drought adaptability in VR by improving plant recovery ability. DISCUSSION Based on our results plants' responses to drought stress and melatonin pretreatment were completely landrace-specific. Drought stress caused an increase in the relative expression of CAS gene and ultimately the accumulation of steroidal saponins in SHR. Melatonin compensated for the decrease in biomass production due to drought stress and finally increased steroidal saponins performance in SHR. Our study showed that melatonin can improve drought stress and recovery in fenugreek, but different factors such as genotype, melatonin concentration, and plant age should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Maleki
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolali Shojaeiyan
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Kuppusamy A, Alagarswamy S, Karuppusami KM, Maduraimuthu D, Natesan S, Ramalingam K, Muniyappan U, Subramanian M, Kanagarajan S. Melatonin Enhances the Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Mung Bean under Drought and High-Temperature Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2535. [PMID: 37447095 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean, a legume, is sensitive to abiotic stresses at different growth stages, and its yield potential is affected by drought and high-temperature stress at the sensitive stage. Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone that plays a vital role in plant stress defense mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of melatonin under individual and combined drought and high-temperature stress in mung bean. An experiment was laid out with five treatments, including an exogenous application of 100 µM melatonin as a seed treatment, foliar spray, and a combination of both seed treatment and foliar spray, as well as absolute control (ambient condition) and control (stress without melatonin treatment). Stresses were imposed during the mung bean's reproductive stage (31-40 DAS) for ten days. Results revealed that drought and high-temperature stress significantly decreased chlorophyll index, Fv/Fm ratio, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Foliar application of melatonin at 100 µM concentration enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase and the concentration of metabolites involved in osmoregulation and ion homeostasis; thereby, it improves physiological and yield-related traits in mung bean under individual and combined stress at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Kuppusamy
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Senthil Alagarswamy
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Kalarani M Karuppusami
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | | | - Senthil Natesan
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Kuttimani Ramalingam
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Umapathi Muniyappan
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Marimuthu Subramanian
- Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Eachangkottai, Thanjavur 614904, India
| | - Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 23422 Lomma, Sweden
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Liu X, Gao T, Liu C, Mao K, Gong X, Li C, Ma F. Fruit crops combating drought: Physiological responses and regulatory pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1768-1784. [PMID: 37002821 PMCID: PMC10315311 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a common stress in agricultural production. Thus, it is imperative to understand how fruit crops respond to drought and to develop drought-tolerant varieties. This paper provides an overview of the effects of drought on the vegetative and reproductive growth of fruits. We summarize the empirical studies that have assessed the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the drought response in fruit crops. This review focuses on the roles of calcium (Ca2+) signaling, abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species signaling, and protein phosphorylation underlying the early drought response in plants. We review the resulting downstream ABA-dependent and ABA-independent transcriptional regulation in fruit crops under drought stress. Moreover, we highlight the positive and negative regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs in the drought response of fruit crops. Lastly, strategies (including breeding and agricultural practices) to improve the drought resistance of fruit crops are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tengteng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Huang X, Rao G, Peng X, Xue Y, Hu H, Feng N, Zheng D. Effect of plant growth regulators DA-6 and COS on drought tolerance of pineapple through bromelain and oxidative stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:180. [PMID: 37020215 PMCID: PMC10074694 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to global warming, drought climates frequently occur on land, and despite being drought resistant, pineapples are still subjected to varying degrees of drought stress. Plant growth regulators can regulate the stress tolerance of plants through hormonal effects. This experiment aims to investigate the regulatory effects of different plant growth regulators on Tainong- 16 and MD-2 Pineapple when subjected to drought stress. RESULTS In this experiment, we examined the regulatory effects of two different plant growth regulators, sprayed on two pineapple varieties: MD-2 Pineapple and Tainong-16. The main component of T1 was diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) and that of T2 is chitosan oligosaccharide (COS). An environment similar to a natural drought was simulated in the drought stress treatments. Then, pineapples at different periods were sampled and a series of indicators were measured. The experimental results showed that the drought treatments treated with T1 and T2 plant growth regulators had a decrease in malondialdehyde, an increase in bromelain and antioxidant enzyme indicators, and an increase in phenotypic and yield indicators. CONCLUSION This experiment demonstrated that DA-6 and COS can enhance the drought resistance of pineapple plants to a certain extent through bromelain and oxidative stress. Therefore, DA-6 and COS have potential applications and this experiment lays the foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoKui Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - GangShun Rao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - XiaoDu Peng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - YingBin Xue
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - HanQiao Hu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - NaiJie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - DianFeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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Rezaei H, Mirzaie-Asl A, Abdollahi MR, Tohidfar M. Comparative analysis of different artificial neural networks for predicting and optimizing in vitro seed germination and sterilization of petunia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285657. [PMID: 37167278 PMCID: PMC10174541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of optimizing in vitro seed sterilization and germination is a complicated task since this process is influenced by interactions of many factors (e.g., genotype, disinfectants, pH of the media, temperature, light, immersion time). This study investigated the role of various types and concentrations of disinfectants (i.e., NaOCl, Ca(ClO)2, HgCl2, H2O2, NWCN-Fe, MWCNT) as well as immersion time in successful in vitro seed sterilization and germination of petunia. Also, the utility of three artificial neural networks (ANNs) (e.g., multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), and generalized regression neural network (GRNN)) as modeling tools were evaluated to analyze the effect of disinfectants and immersion time on in vitro seed sterilization and germination. Moreover, non‑dominated sorting genetic algorithm‑II (NSGA‑II) was employed for optimizing the selected prediction model. The GRNN algorithm displayed superior predictive accuracy in comparison to MLP and RBF models. Also, the results showed that NSGA‑II can be considered as a reliable multi-objective optimization algorithm for finding the optimal level of disinfectants and immersion time to simultaneously minimize contamination rate and maximize germination percentage. Generally, GRNN-NSGA-II as an up-to-date and reliable computational tool can be applied in future plant in vitro culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Rezaei
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Asghar Mirzaie-Asl
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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