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Wei Y, Chen Y, Hong Y, Chen J, Li HB, Li H, Yao X, Mehmood T, Feng X, Luo XS. Comparative in vitro toxicological effects of water-soluble and insoluble components of atmospheric PM 2.5 on human lung cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105828. [PMID: 38621549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Fine particulates in city air significantly impact human health, but the hazardous compositional mechanisms are still unclear. Besides the toxicity of environmental PM2.5 to in vitro human lung epithelial cells (A549), the independent cytotoxicity of PM2.5-bound water-soluble (WS-PM2.5) and water-insoluble (WIS-PM2.5) fractions were also compared by cell viability, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS), and inflammatory injury (IL-6 and TNF-α). The cytotoxicity of PM2.5 varied significantly by sampling season and place, with degrees greater in winter and spring than in summer and autumn, related to corresponding trend of air PM2.5 level, and also higher in industrial than urban site, although their PM2.5 pollution levels were comparable. The PM2.5 bound metals (Ni, Cr, Fe, and Mn) may contribute to cellular injury. Both WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5 posed significant cytotoxicity, that WS-PM2.5 was more harmful than WIS-PM2.5 in terms of decreasing cell viability and increasing inflammatory cytokines production. In particular, industrial samples were usually more toxic than urban samples, and those from summer were generally less toxic than other seasons. Hence, in order to mitigate the health risks of PM2.5 pollution, the crucial targets might be components of heavy metals and soluble fractions, and sources in industrial areas, especially during the cold seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Wei
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan Chen
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Youwei Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hanhan Li
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xuewen Yao
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Xu P, Feng L, Xu D, Wu L, Chen Y, Xiang J, Cheng P, Wang X, Lou J, Tang J, Lou X, Chen Z. Ribosomal DNA copy number associated with blood metal levels in school-age children: A follow-up study on a municipal waste incinerator in Zhejiang, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135676. [PMID: 35842053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the body burdens of heavy metals and explore the impact of environmental metal exposure on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (CN) variation in school-age children living near a municipal waste incinerator (MWI), we conducted a follow-up study in 2019. A total of 146 sixth-grade children from a primary school located 1.2 km away from the MWI were recruited for our study. Metals, including vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), stannum (Sn), stibium (Sb), thallium (Tl), and lead (Pb), were determined by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer method. Real-time qPCR was used to measure the rDNA and mtDNA CN. The blood metal levels followed this order: Zn > Cu > Se > Pb > Mn > Sb > As > Ni > Cd > Co > Cr > Sn > V > Tl. Blood Cr level was significantly correlated with 18 S, 2.5 S, and 45 S CN (β = -0.25, -0.22, -0.26, p < 0.05); Ni was correlated with 5 S (β = -0.36, p < 0.01); Cu was correlated with 28 S, 18 S, and 5.8 S (β = -0.24, -0.24, -0.23, p < 0.05); while Zn was correlated with 18 S, 5.8 S, and 45 S (β = -0.28, -0.32, -0.26, p < 0.05). In conclusion, school-age children living near the MWI had lower blood metal levels compared to children recruited in 2013, while rDNA CN loss was found to be correlated to several heavy metals in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Lingfang Feng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 8 Yi Kang Street, Lin'an District, 311399, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 8 Yi Kang Street, Lin'an District, 311399, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China.
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Niu X, Wang Y, Chuang HC, Shen Z, Sun J, Cao J, Ho KF. Real-time chemical composition of ambient fine aerosols and related cytotoxic effects in human lung epithelial cells in an urban area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112792. [PMID: 35093308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤1 μm (PM1) in the atmosphere, especially that which is emitted from anthropogenic sources, can induce considerable negative effects on the cardiopulmonary system. To investigate the chemical emission characteristics and organic sources in Yuen Long (Hong Kong), both offline and online approaches for PM1 samples were applied by filter-based samplers and a Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (Q-ACSM), respectively. The toxicological effects on human A549 lung alveolar epithelial cells were investigated, and associations between cytotoxicity and organic sources and compositions were evaluated. The organics from the Q-ACSM measurement were the largest contributor to submicron aerosols in both seasons of our study, and the mass fraction was higher in winter (60%) than it was in autumn (46%). Regarding organic sources, the mass fraction of hydrocarbon-like organics (HOA) increased from 7% in autumn to 38% in winter, whereas cooking organics (COA) decreased from 30% in autumn to 18% in winter, and oxygenated organics (OOA) decreased from 63% to 45%. Organic compounds contributed more during pollution episodes, and more secondary ions were formed by means of the oxidation process. Oxidative and inflammatory responses in A549 cells were found with PM1 exposures; the differences in chemical compositions resulted in the higher cytotoxicity in winter than autumn. The cooking organic aerosol in residential area was significantly correlated with cell inflammation. Both elemental carbon and specific inorganic ions (SO42- and Mg2+) contributed to the intracellular cytotoxicity. This study demonstrated that specific atmospheric particulate matter chemical properties and sources can trigger distinct cell reactions; the inorganic ions from cooking emissions cannot be disregarded in terms of their pulmonary health risks in residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Quantifying the Potential Contribution of Urban Forest to PM2.5 Removal in the City of Shanghai, China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12091171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and air pollution pose multiple health threats to humans through complex and interacting pathways, whereas urban vegetation can improve air quality by influencing pollutant deposition and dispersion. This study estimated the amount of PM2.5 removal by the urban forest in the city of Shanghai by using remote sensing data of vegetation and a model approach. We also identified its potential contribution of urban forest presence in relation to human population and particulate matter concentration. Results show that the urban forest in Shanghai reached 46,161 ha in 2017, and could capture 874 t of PM2.5 with an average of 18.94 kg/ha. There are significant spatial heterogeneities in the role of different forest communities and administrative districts in removing PM2.5. Although PM2.5 removal was relatively harmonized with the human population distribution in terms of space, approximately 57.41% of the urban forest presented low coupling between removal capacity and PM2.5 concentration. Therefore, we propose to plant more trees with high removal capacity of PM2.5 in the western areas of Shanghai, and increase vertical planting in bridge pillars and building walls to compensate the insufficient amount of urban forest in the center area.
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Pang KL, Ekeuku SO, Chin KY. Particulate Air Pollution and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2715-2732. [PMID: 34194253 PMCID: PMC8238075 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s316429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which predispose to several chronic diseases in human. Emerging evidence suggests that the severity and progression of osteoporosis are directly associated with inflammation induced by air pollutants like particulate matter (PM). This systematic review examined the relationship between PM and bone health or fractures. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January until February 2021 using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases. Human cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies were considered. Of the 1500 papers identified, 14 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The air pollution index investigated by most studies were PM2.5 and PM10. Current studies demonstrated inconsistent associations between PM and osteoporosis risk or fractures, which may partly due to the heterogeneity in subjects' characteristics, study design and analysis. In conclusion, there is an inconclusive relationship between osteoporosis risk and fracture and PM exposures which require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chen CR, Lai HC, Liao MI, Hsiao MC, Ma HW. Health risk assessment of trace elements of ambient PM 2.5 under monsoon patterns. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128462. [PMID: 33022500 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify the contribution to health risk derived from various emission sources, this study investigated monsoon variations in PM2.5 mass and concentrations of the associated trace elements in a region with complex pollution sources in central Taiwan. This study applied the Chemical Mass Balance model to analyze the source contribution of PM2.5. The source apportionment to obtain the risk contribution of different sources were conducted for different monsoon periods according to the monsoon patterns. In this way, the contributions of individual sources and chemicals to health risk under different monsoon types can be understood to support development of effective control strategies. Among the top contributors of PM2.5 during the north-east monsoon were Secondary Aerosol 28.93% >Coal Boiler 19.82% >Crustal Dust 15.99%; in south-west monsoon were Coal Boiler 37.29% >Traffic Emission 21.19% >Secondary Aerosol 17.84%. The total risk of cancer was above the acceptable risk (3.07 × 10-6), while the non-carcinogenic risk was within the acceptable range (0.262). The variation in the concentration and composition of PM2.5 was related to the change of monsoon type. During the north-east monsoon, the air mass had a long transmission distance and the PM2.5 concentration was relatively high. During the south-west monsoon, the air mass had a short transmission distance and the composition was mainly influenced by nearby emission sources, which resulted in higher risk due to chemical characteristics. To provide sound air quality management, attention should be paid to the composition of PM2.5 in addition to its concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Rung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Green Energy and Environmental Resources, Chang Jung Christian University, No.1 Changda Rd., Tainan, 71101, Taiwan
| | - Meng-I Liao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Hsiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Hwong-Wen Ma
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan.
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Guo H, Jin L, Huang S. Effect of PM characterization on PM oxidative potential by acellular assays: a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:461-470. [PMID: 32589608 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The health risks brought by particles cannot be present via a sole parameter. Instead, the particulate matter oxidative potential (PM OP), which expresses combined redox properties of particles, is used as an integrated metric to assess associated hazards and particle-induced health effects. OP definition provides the capacity of PM toward target oxidation. The latest technologies of a cellular OP measurement has been growing in relevant studies. In this review, OP measurement techniques are focused on discussing along with PM characterization because of many related studies via OP measurements investigating relationship with human health. Many OP measurement methods, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) assay and other a cellular assays, are used to study the association between PM toxicity and PM characterization that make different responses, including PM components, size and sources. Briefly, AA and DTT assays are sensitive to metals (such as copper, manganese and iron etc.) and organics (quinones, VOCs and PAH). Measured OP have significant association with certain PM-related end points, for example, lung cancer, COPD and asthma. Literature has found that exposure to measured OP has higher risk ratios than sole PM mass, which may be containing the PM health-relevant fraction. PM characterization effect on health via OP measurement display a promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Sijing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Jan R, Roy R, Bhor R, Pai K, Satsangi PG. Toxicological screening of airborne particulate matter in atmosphere of Pune: Reactive oxygen species and cellular toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:113724. [PMID: 32078875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Present study screened the toxicological assessment of airborne particulate matter (PM), mechanistic investigation, relationship between the physicochemical characteristics and its associated toxic response. The average concentration of both PM10 and PM2.5 exceeded the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards. In present study, PM bound metals; Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Sr and Co have been taken into account with total metal concentration of 0.83 and 0.44 μg m-3 of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, respectively. The contribution of redox active metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni and Mn) in PM was more as compared to non-redox metals (Pb, Cd and Co) indicating significant risk to the exposed population as these metals possess the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are responsible for various diseases. The cytotoxicity profiles of PM samples determined by MTT assay on two different cell lines (A549 and PBMC) exhibited dose-dependent effects after 24 h exposure, but the consequences differ with respect to particle size and sampling periods. A significant decrease in cell viability with varying PM concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg ml-1) with respect to control was found in both cell lines. Incubation of RBC suspension with PM samples caused pronounced disruption of RBC and thus exhibited substantial hemolytic behavior. PM samples showed a range of potency to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Almost all PM samples increased the level of pro-inflammatory mediator (Nitric oxide) when compared to corresponding unexposed controls suggesting the important role of reactive nitrogen species in induction of cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohi Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ritwika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Renuka Bhor
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kalpana Pai
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - P Gursumeeran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India.
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Xu P, Chen Y, He S, Chen W, Wu L, Xu D, Chen Z, Wang X, Lou X. A follow-up study on the characterization and health risk assessment of heavy metals in ambient air particles emitted from a municipal waste incinerator in Zhejiang, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125777. [PMID: 31901657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To confirm our hypothesis that inhalation might be the primary exposure route of heavy metals for children living in proximity to a municipal waste incinerator (MWI), we conducted a one-year follow up study to characterize the distributions of heavy metals featured in different types of ambient air particles, including PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, at two exposure sites near the MWI (E1 and E2) and one control site (C) in Zhejiang, China. Particle samples were collected by a mid-volume sampler and heavy metals were determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. The mass concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were 52.0, 85.8 and 100.3 μg/m3 at E1 site, while the concentrations were 40.2, 92.1 and 106.6 μg/m3 at E2 site and 33.4, 55.6 and 66.1 μg/m3 at C site, respectively. Both E1 and E2 had higher PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 levels than C site. The levels of pollution were season dependent, with autumn having the highest levels of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 across all three sampling sites. Regarding the distributions of heavy metals, Pb accounted for the majority of the seven metals in all groups, ranging from 43.2% to 51.3%, followed by Mn that ranged from 22.0% to 32.0%. The Pb levels of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 in the MWI area were 22.6, 34.2 and 36.2 ng/m3, respectively, while Mn levels were 10.1, 20.0 and 23.5 ng/m3, respectively. The health risk assessment results suggested that residents were suffering high non-carcinogenic risk posed by MWI-emitted particle-bound toxic metals, as well as the high lifetime carcinogenic risk. This study revealed that ambient air, no matter whether near or far away from an MWI, bore more PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 particles than general, non-polluted ambient air, especially in autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Shengliang He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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Di Ciaula A, Gentilini P, Diella G, Lopuzzo M, Ridolfi R. Biomonitoring of Metals in Children Living in an Urban Area and Close to Waste Incinerators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061919. [PMID: 32187971 PMCID: PMC7143875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of waste incinerators is usually examined by measuring environmental pollutants. Biomonitoring has been limited, until now, to few metals and to adults. We explored accumulation of a comprehensive panel of metals in children free-living in an urban area hosting two waste incinerators. Children were divided by georeferentiation in exposed and control groups, and toenail concentrations of 23 metals were thereafter assessed. The percentage of children having toenail metal concentrations above the limit of detection was higher in exposed children than in controls for Al, Ba, Mn, Cu, and V. Exposed children had higher absolute concentrations of Ba, Mn, Cu, and V, as compared with those living in the reference area. The Tobit regression identified living in the exposed area as a significant predictor of Ba, Ni, Cu, Mn, and V concentrations, after adjusting for covariates. The concentrations of Ba, Mn, Ni, and Cu correlated with each other, suggesting a possible common source of emission. Exposure to emissions derived from waste incinerators in an urban setting can lead to body accumulation of specific metals in children. Toenail metal concentration should be considered a noninvasive and adequate biomonitoring tool and an early warning indicator which should integrate the environmental monitoring of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Bisceglie (ASL BAT), 76011 Bisceglie, Italy
- International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (P.G.); (R.R.)
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Gentilini
- International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (P.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Giusy Diella
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Study of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Marco Lopuzzo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Study of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Ruggero Ridolfi
- International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (P.G.); (R.R.)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is estimated to cause millions of premature deaths annually. This work conveys known routes of exposure to PM and resultant health effects. METHODS A review of available literature. RESULTS Estimates for daily PM exposure are provided. Known mechanisms by which insoluble particles are transported and removed from the body are discussed. Biological effects of PM, including immune response, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity, are reported. Epidemiological studies that outline the systemic health effects of PM are presented. CONCLUSION While the integrated, per capita, exposure of PM for a large fraction of the first-world may be less than 1 mg per day, links between several syndromes, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, loss of cognitive function, anxiety, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, stroke, and PM exposure have been suggested. This article reviews and summarizes such links reported in the literature.
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Tait PW, Brew J, Che A, Costanzo A, Danyluk A, Davis M, Khalaf A, McMahon K, Watson A, Rowcliff K, Bowles D. The health impacts of waste incineration: a systematic review. Aust N Z J Public Health 2019; 44:40-48. [PMID: 31535434 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waste incineration is increasingly used to reduce waste volume and produce electricity. Several incinerators have recently been proposed in Australia and community groups are concerned about health impacts. An overview of the evidence on health effects has been needed. METHOD A systematic review of English language literature for waste incinerators and health using PRISMA methodology. RESULTS A range of adverse health effects were identified, including significant associations with some neoplasia, congenital anomalies, infant deaths and miscarriage, but not for other diseases. Ingestion was the dominant exposure pathway for the public. Newer incinerator technologies may reduce exposure. DISCUSSION Despite these findings, diverse chemicals, poor study methodologies and inconsistent reporting of incinerator technology specifications precludes firmer conclusions about safety. CONCLUSION Older incinerator technology and infrequent maintenance schedules have been strongly linked with adverse health effects. More recent incinerators have fewer reported ill effects, perhaps because of inadequate time for adverse effects to emerge. A precautionary approach is required. Waste minimisation is essential. Implications for public health: Public health practitioners can offer clearer advice about adverse health effects from incinerators. We suggest improved research design and methods to make future studies more robust and comparable. We offer ideas for better policy and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Tait
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory.,Public Health Association of Australia, Australian Capital Territory
| | - James Brew
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Angelina Che
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Adam Costanzo
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Andrew Danyluk
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Meg Davis
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Ahmed Khalaf
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Kathryn McMahon
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Alastair Watson
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Kirsten Rowcliff
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Devin Bowles
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory.,Council of Academic Public Health Institutions Australasia, Australian Capital Territory
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13
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Shang Y, Wu M, Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhong Y, An J, Qian G. Cytotoxicity comparison between fine particles emitted from the combustion of municipal solid waste and biomass. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:316-324. [PMID: 30599404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles (PM2.5) emitted from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) contain high amounts of toxic compounds and pose a serious threat to environment and human health. In this study, entire particles as well as extracted water-soluble and -insoluble fractions of PM2.5 collected from MSWI and biomass incineration (BMI) were subjected to physiochemical characterization and cytotoxic tests in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. MSWI PM2.5 had higher contents of heavy metals (including Pb, Zn, and Cu) and dioxins (PCDD/Fs) than did BMI PM2.5. The metals were enriched in the water-insoluble fraction, as measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. BMI PM2.5 had a higher content of endotoxin, which was also enriched in the water-insoluble fraction. MSWI PM2.5 caused more serious cell injuries, as indicated by the lower viability, higher ROS generation, and DNA damage, whereas BMI PM2.5 presented higher pro-inflammatory potential, as indicated by increased mRNA levels of interleukin 6. Normal human BEAS-2B cells were more sensitive than A549 cells in all these tests. Toxic effects caused by MSWI and BMI PM2.5 were mostly attributable to their water-insoluble fractions. Our results indicate different chemical and biological compositions in MSWI and BMI PM2.5 probably dominate in different toxic endpoints in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Meiying Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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14
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Wang G, Deng J, Ma Z, Hao J, Jiang J. Characteristics of filterable and condensable particulate matter emitted from two waste incineration power plants in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:695-704. [PMID: 29803041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Incineration technology is an effective treatment method for municipal solid waste (MSW). In this study, fine particulate matter emissions from two waste incineration power plants (WIPP) were characterized. Both filterable particulate matter (FPM2.5) and condensable particulate matter (CPM2.5) were collected using a direct sampling method. The FPM2.5 concentrations from stacks #1 and #2 in WIPP A were 0.87 ± 0.10 and 0.68 ± 0.19 mg/m3, respectively, and 3.30 ± 0.65 mg/m3 was measured at stack #3 in WIPP B. Fe was the most abundant elemental component in the FPM2.5, followed by Na, Ca, Al, and K. Ca2+, SO42-, Cl-, and NH4+ accounted for the largest fraction of the total detected water-soluble ions in the FPM2.5. In the CPM2.5, Na was the most abundant elemental component, followed by Ca, Mg, and K. The total detected water-soluble ions accounted for 22.2% and 27.3% of the CPM2.5 collected from stack #1 and #2, respectively. High concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- were found in CPM2.5, which could be derived from the escape of excessive NH3 in the denitrification unit and that of the NOx in the flue gas, respectively. Alcohols, aromatic compounds, and ketones were the major organic species in the CPM2.5. Both fly ash and bottom ash were collected from WIPP A. Ca was the dominant element, followed by K, Mg, Na, and Fe. The enrichment of elements in the fly ash and bottom ash were analyzed. The enrichment factors of most elements were higher than 1, except for the Ti and Sn in the bottom ash. The fly ash had a higher enrichment of Cd, As, and Ti than the bottom ash. In contrast, Cu, Ni, and Cr had higher enrichments in the bottom ash because of their low volatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zizhen Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
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15
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Sánchez-Soberón F, Cuykx M, Serra N, Linares V, Bellés M, Covaci A, Schuhmacher M. In-vitro metabolomics to evaluate toxicity of particulate matter under environmentally realistic conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:137-146. [PMID: 29929119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this pilot study three fractions of particulate matter (PM0.25, PM2.5-0.25, and PM10-2.5) were collected in three environments (classroom, home, and outdoors) in a village located nearby an industrial complex. Time-activity pattern of 20 students attending the classroom was obtained, and the dose of particles reaching the children's lungs under actual environmental conditions (i.e. real dose) was calculated via dosimetry model. The highest PM concentrations were reached in the classroom. Simulations showed that heavy intensity outdoor activities played a major role in PM deposition, especially in the upper part of the respiratory tract. The mass of PM10-2.5 reaching the alveoli was minor, while PM2.5-0.25 and PM0.25 apportion for most of the PM mass retained in the lungs. Consequently, PM2.5-0.25 and PM0.25 were the only fractions used in two subsequent toxicity assays onto alveolar cells (A549). First, a cytotoxicity dose-response assay was performed, and doses corresponding to 5% mortality (LC5) were estimated. Afterwards, two LC-MS metabolomic assays were conducted: one applying LC5, and another applying real dose. A lower estimated LC5 value was obtained for PM0.25 than PM2.5-0.25 (8.08 and 73.7 ng/mL respectively). The number of altered features after LC5 exposure was similar for both fractions (39 and 38 for PM0.25 and PM2.5-0.25 respectively), while after real dose exposure these numbers differed (10 and 5 for PM0.25 and PM2.5-0.25 respectively). The most metabolic changes were related to membrane and lung surfactant lipids. This study highlights the capacity of PM to alter metabolic profile of lung cells at conventional environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sánchez-Soberón
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Matthias Cuykx
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Noemí Serra
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, San Lorenzo 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Victoria Linares
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, San Lorenzo 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Bellés
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, San Lorenzo 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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16
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Guo H, Chen M. Short-term effect of air pollution on asthma patient visits in Shanghai area and assessment of economic costs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:184-189. [PMID: 29883872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Shanghai, in China, is one of the highest incidence cities for asthma morbidity. However, few studies have systemically explored the association of ambient air pollutants and asthma patients with economic costs. OBJECTIVES The study researched the link of short-term ambient air pollutants exposure and asthma patients in Shanghai. Furthermore, the economic cost was also assessed. METHODS We applied the generalized addictive model (GAM) to analyze the association between ambient air pollutants and asthma patients with economic costs assessment. RESULTS We investigated a total of 7200 asthma patient visits (inhabitant in Shanghai). A 10 µg m-3 increase in the current day concentrations of SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, O3 and PM2.5 corresponded to increase of 3.79% [95% CI: 0.84%, 6.83%], 0.27% [95% CI: 0.14%, 0.40%], 0.63% [95% CI: - 0.81%, 2.10%], 1.11% [95% CI: 0.38%, 1.85%], 0.23% [95% CI: 0.31%, 078%] and 1.27% [95% CI: 0.29%, 2.26%] in daily asthma patient visits. In economic cost level, the economic cost of asthma patients were attributed to ambient air pollutants (SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, O3 and PM2.5) with 197 million USD losses per year. Among, the economic cost of asthma patient visits were attributed to SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, O3 and PM2.5 with 101.30, 7.46, 17.15, 30.18, 6.39 and 34.50 million USD loss per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, O3 and PM2.5 were linked to asthma patient visits increase in Shanghai areas. The economic cost of asthma patient visits were attributed to ambient air pollutants (SO2, CO, O3, PM10, NO2 and PM2.5) with 197 million USD losses per year. The study strengthen our fundamental comprehending of impacts of ambient air pollutants on human health and economy burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Minxuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Ngoc LTN, Park D, Lee Y, Lee YC. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Skin Diseases Due to Particulate Matter. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121458. [PMID: 29186837 PMCID: PMC5750877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of particulate matter (PM) on human skin diseases by conducting a systematic review of existing literature and performing a meta-analysis. It considered articles reporting an original effect of PM on human skin. From among 918 articles identified, 13 articles were included for further consideration after manual screening of the articles resulted in the exclusion of articles that did not contain data, review articles, editorials, and also articles in languages other than English. Random-effects models and forest plots were used to estimate the effect of PM on the skin by Meta-Disc analysis. According to people's reports of exposure and negative skin effects (atopic dermatitis (AD), eczema, and skin aging, etc.) due to air pollution, the summary relative risk (odds ratio) of PM10 was determined to be 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.11) whereas PM2.5 was determined to be 1.04 (95% CI 0.96-1.12). Simultaneously, there was a different extent of impact between PM10 and PM2.5 on atopic dermatitis (AD) for those of young age: the odds ratio of PM10 and PM2.5 were 0.96 (95% CI 0.83-1.11; I² = 62.7%) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.95-1.16; I² = 46%), respectively. Furthermore, the results suggest an estimated increase of disease incidence per 10 μg/m³ PM of 1.01% (0.08-2.05) due to PM10 and 1.60% (0.45-2.82) due to PM2.5. Following the results, PM10 and PM2.5 are associated with increased risks of human skin diseases, especially AD, whose risk is higher in infants and school children. With its smaller size and a high concentration of metals, PM2.5 is more closely related to AD in younger people, compared to PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhu Ngoc
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Korea.
| | - Yongil Lee
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam, Korea.
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18
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Zhou Q, Liu B, Chen Y, Han X, Wei X, Zhu Y, Zhou X, Chen J. Characterization of PAHs in size-fractionated submicron atmospheric particles and their association with the intracellular oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:1-7. [PMID: 28482256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The submicron atmospheric particulate matters (PMs), consisting of 7 size-resolved fractions, were collected by two Dekati low pressure impactors from December 2015 to January 2016 in Hangzhou, China. The chemical analysis revealed the higher accumulation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the finer submicron PMs, and 77.0% of particulate PAHs in PM1 were associated with PM0.4. Moreover, the BaP equivalent concentrations (BaPeq) were evaluated for size-fractionated submicron PMs, indicating that 77.2% of carcinogenicity of particulate PAHs in PM1 were associated with PM0.4. In the cytotoxic tests, a significant size-dependent decrease of glutathione (GSH) level was observed in the PMs-exposed human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549), demonstrating the greater intracellular oxidative stress induced by the finer submicron PMs. The results also suggested that 82.4% of PM1-induced oxidative stress were associated with PM0.4, and the intracellular oxidative stress was significantly correlated with the particulate PAHs. Therefore, besides PM10, PM2.5 and PM1, special attentions should be given to PM0.4 as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baichen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Han
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Quality & Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Yin Z, Xu HJ, Yao XL, Liu G, Nie CJ, Wei H, Li C, Liang ML, Ming ZY, Zhang XJ. Ambient fine particles (PM 2.5 ) attenuate collagen-induced platelet activation through interference of the PLCγ2/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:530-540. [PMID: 27045816 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It has been proven that carbon nanoparticles or diesel exhaust particles stimulate platelet activation. However, the effect of fine particle matter (PM2.5 ) on platelet activation remains unknown, which motivates this study. METHODS PM2.5 samples were collected in an urban area of Zhengzhou, China. To study the morphological characteristics and the mass concentrations of trace elements of PM2.5 samples, a filed-emission scanning electron microscope, the Image-J software, and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used. Washed human platelets or platelet-rich-plasma were used to study the effect of PM2.5 on platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression, or platelet signaling pathways. The cytotoxicity in platelets exposed to PM2.5 was evaluated by a lactate dehydrogenase assay kit. In addition, platelet adhesion and spreading were studied on collagen-coated surfaces in stable conditions. RESULTS The filed-emission scanning electron microscope scanning showed that PM2.5 samples varied in shape and size distributions. The mean equivalent spherical diameter of these particles was 1.97 ± 0.04 μm, of which 82.40% were particles with equivalent spherical diameters of less than 2.5 μm. The mass concentration of Ca was higher than that of other elements. The other elements followed the trend of Al>Fe>Zn>Mg>Pb>K>Mn>Cu>Ti>Ba>As>Sr>Sn>Sb>Cd>B>Se>Mo>Ag>Ni>TI>V>Co. Furthermore, pretreatment of PM2.5 significantly inhibited rather than potentiated collagen-induced platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression, whereas it had no significant effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression. The lactate dehydrogenase analysis showed trivial cytotoxic effect of PM2.5 exposure on platelets. Pretreatment of PM2.5 inhibited platelet adhesion on immobilized collagen-coated surfaces; however, it almost did not impact the platelet spreading. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that PM2.5 reduced collagen-induced phosphorylation of phospholipase C gamma-2 (PLCγ2) at Tyr759, Akt at Ser473, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) at Ser9. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 attenuated collagen-induced platelet aggregation, α-granule secretion and adhesion, with the potential mechanism of impairing PLCγ2, Akt, and GSK3β signaling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 530-540, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia-Li Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jie Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Lu Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Yin Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
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Direct Quantification of Rare Earth Elements Concentrations in Urine of Workers Manufacturing Cerium, Lanthanum Oxide Ultrafine and Nanoparticles by a Developed and Validated ICP-MS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030350. [PMID: 27011194 PMCID: PMC4809013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have undergone a steady spread in several industrial, agriculture and medical applications. With the aim of exploring a sensitive and reliable indicator of estimating exposure level to REEs, a simple, accurate and specific ICP-MS method for simultaneous direct quantification of 15 REEs (89Y, 139La, 140Ce, 141Pr, 146Nd, 147Sm, 153Eu, 157Gd, 159Tb, 163Dy, 165Ho, 166Er, 169Tm, 172Yb and 175Lu) in human urine has been developed and validated. The method showed good linearity for all REEs in human urine in the concentrations ranging from 0.001–1.000 μg∙L−1 with r2 > 0.997. The limits of detection and quantification for this method were in the range of 0.009–0.010 μg∙L−1 and 0.029–0.037 μg∙L−1, the recoveries on spiked samples of the 15 REEs ranged from 93.3% to 103.0% and the relative percentage differences were less than 6.2% in duplicate samples, and the intra- and inter-day variations of the analysis were less than 1.28% and less than 0.85% for all REEs, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of 15 REEs in 31 urine samples obtained from the control subjects and the workers engaged in work with manufacturing of ultrafine and nanoparticles containing cerium and lanthanum oxide. The results suggested that only the urinary levels of La (1.234 ± 0.626 μg∙L−1), Ce (1.492 ± 0.995 μg∙L−1), Nd (0.014 ± 0.009 μg∙L−1) and Gd (0.023 ± 0.010 μg∙L−1) among the exposed workers were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the levels measured in the control subjects. From these, La and Ce were the primary components, and accounted for 88% of the total REEs. Lanthanum comprised 27% of the total REEs while Ce made up the majority of REE content at 61%. The remaining elements only made up 1% each, with the exception of Dy which was not detected. Comparison with the previously published data, the levels of urinary La and Ce in workers and the control subjects show a higher trend than previous reports.
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