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Corcionivoschi N, Balta I, McCleery D, Bundurus I, Pet I, Calaway T, Nichita I, Stef L, Morariu S. Mechanisms of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Attachment to Meat. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38593459 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli are present in the human and animal microbiome as facultative anaerobes and are viewed as an integral part of the whole gastrointestinal environment. In certain circumstances, some species can also become opportunistic pathogens responsible for severe infections in humans. These infections are caused by the enterotoxinogenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli and the enterohemorrhagic E. coli species, frequently present in food products and on food matrices. Severe human infections can be caused by consumption of meat contaminated upon exposure to animal feces, and as such, farm animals are considered to be a natural reservoir. The mechanisms by which these four major species of E. coli adhere and persist in meat postslaughter are of major interest to public health and food processors given their frequent involvement in foodborne outbreaks. This review aims to structure and provide an update on the mechanistic roles of environmental factors, curli, type I and type IV pili on E. coli adherence/interaction with meat postslaughter. Furthermore, we emphasize on the importance of bacterial surface structures, which can be used in designing interventions to enhance food safety and protect public health by reducing the burden of foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Igori Balta
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - David McCleery
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Iulia Bundurus
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Todd Calaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ileana Nichita
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Morariu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Izquierdo M, Lopez J, Gallardo P, Vidal RM, Ossa JC, Farfan MJ. Bacteria from gut microbiota associated with diarrheal infections in children promote virulence of Shiga toxin-producing and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli pathotypes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:867205. [PMID: 36017363 PMCID: PMC9396624 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.867205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathogenicity relies on the interaction of bacteria with the host’s gut environment, which is regulated by the resident microbiota. Previously, we identified indicative bacterial species of gut microbiota in DEC-positive stool samples from children. Here, we evaluated the role of two indicative species, Citrobacter werkmanii (CW) and Escherichia albertii (EA), in the virulence of two DEC pathotypes, Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and enteroaggregative (EAEC) Escherichia coli. Methods We determined the effect of supernatants obtained from CW and EA cultures on the gene expression of STEC strain 86-24 and EAEC strain 042 by RNA-seq analysis. We evaluated IL-8 secretion from T84 cells infected with these DEC strains in the presence or absence of the supernatant from EA. The effect of the supernatant from EA on the growth and adherence of STEC and EAEC to cells was also evaluated. Finally, we studied the effect of the EA supernatant on the STEC-induced inflammation mediated by the long polar fimbriae (Lpf) in T84 cells and the expression of plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet) in EAEC. Results RNA-seq analysis revealed that several virulence factors in STEC and EAEC were upregulated in the presence of supernatants from CW and EA. Interestingly, an increase in the secretion of IL-8 was observed in cells infected with STEC or EAEC in the presence of a supernatant from EA. Similar results were observed with the supernatants obtained from clinical strains of E. albertii. The supernatant from EA had no effect on the growth of STEC and EAEC, or on the ability of these DEC strains to adhere to cells. We found that Pet toxin in EAEC was upregulated in the presence of a supernatant from EA. In STEC, using mutant strains for Lpf fimbriae, our data suggested that these fimbriae might be participating in the increase in IL-8 induced by STEC in cells in the presence of a supernatant from EA. Conclusion Supernatant obtained from an indicative species of DEC-positive diarrhea could modulate gene expression in STEC and EAEC, and IL-8 secretion induced by these bacteria. These data provide new insights into the effect of gut microbiota species in the pathogenicity of STEC and EAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Izquierdo
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Lopez
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Gallardo
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto M. Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C. Ossa
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio J. Farfan
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Mauricio J. Farfan,
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Ramos-Vivas J, Chapartegui-González I, Fernández-Martínez M, González-Rico C, Barrett J, Fortún J, Escudero R, Marco F, Linares L, Nieto J, Aranzamendi M, Muñoz P, Valerio M, Aguado JM, Chaves F, Gracia-Ahufinger I, Paez-Vega A, Martínez-Martínez L, Fariñas MC. Adherence to Human Colon Cells by Multidrug Resistant Enterobacterales Strains Isolated From Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With a Focus on Citrobacter freundii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:447. [PMID: 33042855 PMCID: PMC7525035 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteria species are common causes of hospital-acquired infections, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Immunocompromised patients such as solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are especially at risk because they are frequently exposed to antibiotics in the course of their treatments. In this work, we used a collection of 106 Escherichia coli, 78 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 25 Enterobacter spp., and 24 Citrobacter spp. multidrug resistant strains isolated from transplant patients (hepatic, renal or renal/pancreatic) in order to examine their ability to adhere in vitro to HT-29 human colon cells, and to determine if some adhesive characteristics are associated with prevalence and persistence of these strains. A total of 33 E. coli (31%), 21 K. pneumoniae (27%), 7 Enterobacter spp. (28%), and 5 Citrobacter spp. (21%), adhered to the colon epithelial cells. Two main adherence patterns were observed in the four species analyzed, diffuse adherence, and aggregative adherence. Under transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), most bacteria lacked visible fimbria on their surface, despite their strong adherence to epithelial cells. None of the strains studied was able to induce any cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells although some of them strongly colonizing both cells and glass coverslips at high density. Some of the strains failed to adhere to the epithelial cells but adhered strongly to the cover-slide, which shows that microscopy studies are mandatory to elucidate the adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells in vitro, and that quantitative assays using colony forming unit (CFUs) counting need to be supplemented with pictures to determine definitively if a bacterial strain adheres or not to animal cells in vitro. We report here, for the first time, the aggregative adherence pattern of two multidrug resistant (MDR) Citrobacter freundii strains isolated from human patients; importantly, biofilm formation in Citrobacter is totally dependent on the temperature; strong biofilms were formed at room temperature (RT) but not at 37°C, which can play an important role in the colonization of hospital surfaces. In conclusion, our results show that there is a great variety of adhesion phenotypes in multidrug-resistant strains that colonize transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Fernández-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Claudia González-Rico
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - John Barrett
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jesús Fortún
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Escudero
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Linares
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Nieto
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Aguado
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Chaves
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia-Ahufinger
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Paez-Vega
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fariñas
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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Ellis SJ, Yasir M, Browning DF, Busby SJW, Schüller S. Oxygen and contact with human intestinal epithelium independently stimulate virulence gene expression in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13012. [PMID: 30673154 PMCID: PMC6563437 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) are important intestinal pathogens causing acute and persistent diarrhoeal illness worldwide. Although many putative EAEC virulence factors have been identified, their association with pathogenesis remains unclear. As environmental cues can modulate bacterial virulence, we investigated the effect of oxygen and human intestinal epithelium on EAEC virulence gene expression to determine the involvement of respective gene products in intestinal colonisation and pathogenesis. Using in vitro organ culture of human intestinal biopsies, we established the colonic epithelium as the major colonisation site of EAEC strains 042 and 17‐2. We subsequently optimised a vertical diffusion chamber system with polarised T84 colon carcinoma cells for EAEC infection and showed that oxygen induced expression of the global regulator AggR, aggregative adherence fimbriae, E. coli common pilus, EAST‐1 toxin, and dispersin in EAEC strain 042 but not in 17‐2. Furthermore, the presence of T84 epithelia stimulated additional expression of the mucinase Pic and the toxins HlyE and Pet. This induction was dependent on physical host cell contact and did not require AggR. Overall, these findings suggest that EAEC virulence in the human gut is modulated by environmental signals including oxygen and the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Ellis
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas F Browning
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen J W Busby
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephanie Schüller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
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Analysis of glucosyltransferase gene expression of clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans obtained from dental plaques in response to sub-lethal doses of photoactivated disinfection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chiniforush N, Pourhajibagher M, Parker S, Benedicenti S, Shahabi S, Bahador A. The effect of sublethal photodynamic therapy on the expression of Enterococcal surface protein (esp) encoding gene in Enterococcus faecalis: Quantitative real-time PCR assessment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:311-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Shaikh S, Timmaraju VA, Torres JP, Socarras KM, Theophilus PAS, Sapi E. Influence of tick and mammalian physiological temperatures on Borrelia burgdorferi biofilms. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1984-1995. [PMID: 27902419 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The spirochaete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferisensu lato is the aetiologic agent of Lyme disease. Borrelia is transmitted to mammals through tick bite and is adapted to survive at tick and mammalian physiological temperatures. We have previously shown that B. burgdorferi can exist in different morphological forms, including the antibiotic-resistant biofilm form, in vitro and in vivo. B. burgdorferi forms aggregates in ticks as well as in humans, indicating potential of biofilm formation at both 23 and 37 °C. However, the role of various environmental factors that influence Borrelia biofilm formation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of tick (23 °C), mammalian physiological (37 °C) and standard in vitro culture (33 °C) temperatures with the objective of elucidating the effect of temperature on Borrelia biofilm phenotypes invitro using two B. burgdorferisensu stricto strains (B31 and 297). Our findings show increased biofilm quantity, biofilm size, exopolysaccharide content and enhanced adherence as well as reduced free spirochaetes at 37 °C for both strains, when compared to growth at 23 and 33 °C. There were no significant variations in the biofilm nano-topography and the type of extracellular polymeric substance in Borrelia biofilms formed at all three temperatures. Significant variations in extracellular DNA content were observed in the biofilms of both strains cultured at the three temperatures. Our results indicate that temperature is an important regulator of Borrelia biofilm development, and that the mammalian physiological temperature favours increased biofilm formation in vitro compared to tick physiological temperature and in vitro culture temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq Shaikh
- Lyme Disease Research Group, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Venkata Arun Timmaraju
- Lyme Disease Research Group, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jason P Torres
- Lyme Disease Research Group, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Kayla M Socarras
- Lyme Disease Research Group, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Priyanka A S Theophilus
- Lyme Disease Research Group, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Eva Sapi
- Lyme Disease Research Group, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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